雷声在大气中传播的吸收衰减特性研究

张景川; 袁萍; 欧阳玉花

doi:10.7498/aps.59.8287

摘要

选取青海大通地区一次地闪过程的雷声信号,利用信号处理理论,得到了观测点雷声的频谱;依据声波在大气中传播的理论,计算了大气对雷声传播的吸声系数,分析了吸声系数随环境因素的变化,结果表明:闪电发生距离、大气湿度和温度是影响雷声传播的主要因素.在一定闪电距离和大气环境下,吸声系数随频率的增加而增大;频率小于100 Hz的雷声衰减很慢,空气相对湿度和温度对其吸声系数的影响也比较小,在一定距离内的衰减可以忽略;频率大于500 Hz的高频信号吸声系数较大,并且随相对湿度的增加而快速递增;吸声系数随温度呈非单调变化,频

关键词:

雷声传播 /
大气吸收 /
衰减

Abstract

Using the thunder signals of a C-G lightning process recorded in the Qinghai region and the theory of signal processing, the frequency spectrum of thunder at observation point is obtained; Based on the propagation theory of acoustic waves, the absorption coefficients in air are calculated and their variations with environmental factors are analyzed. The results show that under a certain profpagation distance and environmental condition, the absorption coefficient increases with frequency increasing. The attenuation of signal below 100Hz is negligible under a certain propagation distance and environmental factors. The attenuations for high-frequency signals of more than 500 Hz are large, their absorption coefficients increase rapidly with the relative humidity inereasing and vary nor-monotonical with temperature. It is deduced that high frequency components of more than 500Hz should be contained in the thunder source.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

(1)西北师范大学物理与电子工程学院,兰州 730070; (2)西北师范大学物理与电子工程学院,兰州 730070;兰州交通大学数理与软件工程学院,兰州 730070; (3)西北师范大学物理与电子工程学院,兰州 730070;塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,阿拉尔 843300

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号:40475007),西北师范大学科技创新工程项目(批准号: NWNU -KJCXGC-03-21)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

(1)College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070, China; (2)College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070, China;College of Mechanic and Electrical Engineering; University of Tarim, Alar 843300, China; (3)College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070, China;School of Mathematics Physics and Software Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070,China

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Uman M A 2001 The Lightning Discharge ( New york: Dover )p377
[2]	Few A A 1968 Thunder Ph.D. Dissertation (Texas: Rice university)p26
[3]	Bhartendu H 1968 Can.J.Phys.46 269
[4]	Few A A 1969 J.geophys.Res.74 6926
[5]	Holmes C R, Brook M 1971 J.geophys.Res.76 2106
[6]	Remillard W J 1960 The acoustics of thunder (Cambridge: Havard University)p387
[7]	Harris C M 1967 Absorption of sound in air versus humidity and temperature NASA Report CR-647 (New york: Columbia University)p34
[8]	Bass H E, Losely R E 1975 J.Acoustsoc.Am.57 822
[9]	Few A A 1982 Acoustic radiations from lightning. In Handbook of Atmospherics,ed. H.Volland, vol.Ⅱ(Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press )p257
[10]	Few A A 1995 Acoustic radiations from lightning. In Handbook of Atmospherics ,ed. H. Volland,vol.Ⅱ (Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press)p11
[11]	Yang X R 2007 Atmospheric Acoustics (Beijing: Science Press)p120 (in Chinese) [杨训仁 2007 大气声学(北京:科学出版社)第120页]
[12]	Ma D Y, Shen H 1983 Acoustics Handbook (Beijing: Science Press)p113 (in Chinese) [马大猷、沈壕1983 声学手册(北京:科学出版社)第113页]
[13]	Shen X Z, Yuan P 2007 Acta Phys.Sin.56 5715(in Chinese) [申晓志、袁萍 2007 56 5715]
[14]	Evans L B, Sutherland L C 1970 Wyle Rep. N o. WR 70-14.for U.S. Army Res. Off 1 14
[15]	Monk R 1969 J.Acoust.soc.Amer. 46 580
[16]	Evans L B 1972 Acoust.soc. Amer. 51 409
[17]	Yuan P, OuYang Y H, Lv S H 2006 Plateau Meteorology 25 503(in Chinese) [袁萍、欧阳玉花、吕世华 2006 高原气象 25 503]
[18]	Depass P 1994 J. Geophys. Res. 99 25 933
[19]	Hao Z Q, YU J, Zhang J, Yuan X H 2005 Acta Phys.Sin.54 1290 (in Chinese) [郝作强、俞进、张杰、远晓辉 2005 54 1290]

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