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本文提出了一个处理原子核中nn及pp对力的近似方法。这个方法避免了通常将BCS-Боголюбов方法应用于原子核所引起的困难,例如粒子数不守恒,假态的出现以及不同激发态波函数不正交等。但这个方法只有在所需考虑的粒子数n及能级数Ω不太大时(n≤10,Ω≤10)才能较方便地被应用,近似程度才比较好。在这个方法中,毋须引入准粒子的概念,激发的多体性质被明显地表示出来。系统的激发可分为两大类型。第一类型激发是一种以多体系为背景的单粒子跃迁,相应于一个准粒子的跃迁αv+αv,或两个准粒子的激发αv+βv′+,αv+αv′+(v≠v′)。第二类型激发是对激发,在这种激发中,各能级上共轭粒子对的填充几率改变了,相应于共轭的准粒子对的激发αv+βv+,αv+βv+αμ+βμ+,….本文还考察了对力在r及β跃迁中的影响。在β跃迁中,对力一般是使跃迁受阻。在r跃迁中,对力的效应随初末态间的相对激发类型不同而异,如相对激发属于第一类型,则跃迁受阻,受阻程度随跃迁的电磁性质不同而有所差别,如相对跃迁属于第二类型,则在无对力作用时跃迁是禁戒的,在对力作用下也只有由电荷电流所产生的电跃迁是允许的。最后本文以Hf178为例,应用上述方法,初步分析了对力对偶偶核的内部激发能谱及β衰变的影响。A new approximate method for treating nn and pp pairing force in nuclei is presented. In this method the difficulties connected with the application of BCS-Bogolubov method to nuclei such as the non-conservation of the number of particles, the apperance of spurious states, and non-orthogonality between wave functions of different excited states are avoided. But the method can be conviently adopted only when the number of particles n and the number of levels Ω considered are small (n ≤10, Ω≤10 ). Also the approximation of this method is good onlv under such conditions. In this method the many-body nature of the excitation is displayed explicitly without introducing the conception of quasi-particles. The excitation of the system can be divided into two classes. The first class of excitation is a kind of single particle excitation embedded in a many-body system under the action of the pairing force. This would correspond to the excitation of a single quasi-particle av+a(v0) or to two quasi-particle excitation of the type αv+βv′+,αv+αv′+(v′≠v) etc. in the BCS-Bogolubov method. The second class of excitation is a pair excitation in which the distribution of the conjugated pairs of particles among the levels is altered. This type of excitation would correspond to superposition of quasi-particle excitations of the type αv+βv+,αv+βv+αμ+βμ+, Also examined is the effect of pairing force on the β- and γ-transition probability in the new formalism. In general, β-transition is retarded by the pairing force while in γ-transition the effect of pairing force varies according to the nature of the relative excitation between the initial and final states. When the relative excitation is of the first class, the transition is retarded to various extent, depending on the nature of the γ-transition. If the relative excitation is of the second class, the transition is forbidden when the pairing force is not in action, and is allowed only for electric transition arising from the charge-current distribution when the pairing force is present. Finally this method is applied to investigate the effect of pairing force on the intrinsic spectra and β-transition in 72Hf178 as an example.
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