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超高场磁共振成像（ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging,UHF-MRI）是主磁场强度为7 T及以上磁共振成像的统称.与传统磁共振成像相比，UHF-MRI具有更高的信噪比和对比度.因此，在临床医学及神经科学等领域，该技术的运用能够显著提高信号的探测灵敏度和图像的空间分辨率，从而提供更丰富的生理病理信息.目前，UHF-MRI在大脑功能和代谢成像两个方面发挥了重要的作用.在脑功能研究方面，高分辨率的皮层功能柱和分层成像有助于揭示神经信息流的方向；在脑代谢研究中，氢核与多核的波谱及成像技术提供了更精确的代谢信息，有望在功能性和代谢性疾病的病理研究中取得重要突破.本文介绍了UHF-MRI的发展历史和理论基础，梳理了其关键优势及在脑功能和代谢成像应用研究中的现状，总结了当前面临的挑战，并提出了未来重点研究方向.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most important imaging modalities used in clinical radiology research and diagnosis due to its non-invasive nature, absence of ionizing radiation, high soft tissue contrast, and diverse imaging capabilities. However, traditional MRI is limited by a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which can be enhanced by increasing the strength of the main magnetic field. Ultra-high field MRI (UHF-MRI), an emerging technology, typically refers to MRI systems with a main magnetic field strength of 7 T or higher. Compared to conventional MRI, UHF-MRI improves image SNR and extends the boundaries of spatial resolution and detection sensitivity. These advancements not only provide clinicians with more detailed and accurate bioimaging data but also open new research avenues in fields such as life sciences and cognitive neuroscience. This paper introduces the historical development and theoretical foundations of UHF-MRI, highlights its advantages over conventional MRI, and summarizes current research on UHF-MRI applications in human brain imaging, with a focus on functional and metabolic studies. Additionally, the challenges of UHF-MRI are discussed, and potential future research directions are proposed.
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