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为满足航天器热管理材料对高导热和高储/释热性能的双重需求, 本文采用热压成型工艺制备了一种多维碳基导热增强微胶囊相变复合材料, 以解决传统相变材料热导率低和液态泄漏的问题. 基于实验测试和有限元数值模拟, 系统研究了不同组分的含量与配比对相变复合材料热性能的影响机理, 揭示了材料内部多维导热网络的形成机制. 结果表明, 采用多维导热材料协同掺杂与多尺度鳞片石墨复合填充策略, 构建了兼具连通性和致密性的多维碳基导热网络, 其产生的协同导热增强效应显著提升了微胶囊相变复合材料的热导率(1.021 W/(m·K)), 同时保持了高储热性能(81.540 J/g), 为航天器热管理材料的设计和应用提供了支撑.
In order to meet the requirements for both high thermal conductivity and large latent heat storage and release of thermal management materials for spacecraft, a multidimensional carbon-based, thermally enhanced microencapsulated phase change composite is prepared by using a hot-pressing technique in this work. This method solves the limitations of traditional phase change materials, which have low thermal conductivity and a propensity for liquid leakage. The effects of different content values and ratios of microencapsulated phase change materials, flake graphite, and pitch-based carbon fibers on the composite’s thermal properties, specifically thermal conductivity and latent heat are systematically investigated by integrating experimental assessments with finite element numerical simulations. Furthermore, the mechanism for forming an internal multidimensional heat conduction network is elucidated. These results indicate that introducing multidimensional thermally conductive materials into the microencapsulated phase change system, can establish a continuous and dense multidimensional carbon-based conduction network through optimizing component composition and structure. Using the synergistic effects of these conductive materials and a multi-size flake graphite filling strategy, the overall thermal conductivity of the composite is significantly enhanced, reaching 1.021 W/(m·K), while maintaining a high latent heat of 81.540 J/g. These findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing and applying advanced thermal management materials to spacecraft. -
Keywords:
- spacecraft thermal management /
- microcapsule phase change composite materials /
- multidimensional carbon-based network /
- synergistic thermal enhancement
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图 1 多维碳基导热增强微胶囊相变复合材料制备流程图
Fig. 1. Flowchart of the preparation process for multidimensional carbon-based thermally enhanced microcapsule phase change composite.
图 2 多维碳基导热增强微胶囊相变复合材料RVE模型示意图
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the RVE model for multidimensional carbon-based thermally enhanced microcapsule phase change composite.
图 3 多维碳基导热增强微胶囊相变复合材料的扫描电镜图 (a) PCMC; (b) FG骨架结构; (c) PCF掺杂相变复合材料
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrograph of multidimensional carbon-based thermally enhanced microcapsule phase change composite: (a) PCMC; (b) FG skeleton structure; (c) PCF-doped phase change composite.
图 4 不同PCMC含量相变复合材料的DSC图
Fig. 4. DSC curves of phase change composites with different PCMC contents.
图 5 不同PCMC含量相变复合材料的热性能
Fig. 5. Thermal performance of phase change composites with different PCMC contents.
图 6 多维碳基导热增强微胶囊相变复合材料的热传导有限元分析 (a)含PCF的RVE温度分布; (b)未含PCF的RVE温度分布; (c)含PCF的RVE热流密度分布; (d)未含PCF的RVE热流密度分布
Fig. 6. Finite element analysis of thermal conductivity for multidimensional carbon-based thermally enhanced microcapsule phase change composites: (a) Temperature distribution of RVE with PCF; (b) temperature distribution of RVE without PCF; (c) heat flux distribution of RVE with PCF; (d) heat flux distribution of RVE without PCF.
图 7 Sample 1—12中不同尺寸FG的混合比例
Fig. 7. Mixing ratios of FG with different sizes in Samples 1—12.
图 8 不同尺度FG混合比例的相变复合材料的热性能
Fig. 8. Thermal performance of phase change composites with different FG size ratios.
图 9 不同FG混合比例相变复合材料RVE模型的热流密度分布图
Fig. 9. Heat flux distribution of RVE models for phase change composites with different FG size ratios.
图 10 不同冷热循环次数下相变复合材料的形态与泄漏情况
Fig. 10. Morphology and leakage behavior of phase change composites under different thermal cyclings.
图 11 不同冷热循环次数下相变复合材料的热性能 (a)热导率; (b)相变焓值
Fig. 11. Thermal performance of phase change composites under different thermal cyclings: (a) Thermal conductivity; (b) phase change enthalpy.
表 1 相变复合材料各组分材料的质量分数
Table 1. Mass fractions of each component in the phase change composites.
Sample 10 μm FG/% 50 μm FG/% 100 μm FG/% PCMC/% PCF/% 1 4.25 4.25 16.50 70.00 5.00 2 4.25 8.25 12.50 70.00 5.00 3 4.25 12.50 8.25 70.00 5.00 4 8.25 4.25 12.50 70.00 5.00 5 8.25 8.25 8.50 70.00 5.00 6 8.25 12.50 4.25 70.00 5.00 7 12.50 4.25 8.25 70.00 5.00 8 12.50 8.25 4.25 70.00 5.00 9 12.50 12.50 0.00 70.00 5.00 10 25.00 0.00 0.00 70.00 5.00 11 0.00 25.00 0.00 70.00 5.00 12 0.00 0.00 25.00 70.00 5.00 13 4.95 4.95 5.10 80.00 5.00 14 1.65 1.65 1.70 90.00 5.00 15 9.90 9.90 10.20 70.00 0.00 
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表 2 含PCF与未含PCF相变复合材料的热性能比较
Table 2. Comparison of thermal performance between PCF-containing and PCF-free phase change composites.
Sample PCF /% λ /(W·m–1·K–1) ΔH /(J·g–1) 5 5 0.887 81.282 15 0 0.350 80.241
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