Z=118~120超重核α衰变性质的研究

邢凤竹; 乐先凯; 王楠; 王艳召

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20240907

摘要
本文通过考虑原子核的形变效应和引入α粒子预形成因子的解析表达式对统一裂变模型（unified fission model,UFM）进行了改进。将考虑原子核形变效应后的UFM称为IMUFM1，在IMUFM1基础上进一步引入α粒子预形成因子的解析表达式的版本称为IMUFM2。利用UFM，IMUFM1和IMUFM2三个版本分别对Z≥92重核和超重核的α衰变半衰期进行了系统地计算。通过计算理论值和实验值之间的平均偏差和标准偏差，发现考虑形变效应后模型的精度比原来有了略微的提高。而引入α粒子预形成因子的解析表达式后，模型的精度进一步提高了32.09%。接着，通过有限历程小液滴模型（FRDM2012），Weizsäcker-Skyrme-4（WS4）质量模型和Koura等人提出的核质量公式（Koura-Tachibana-Uno-Yamada，KTUY）分别提取了Z=118~120同位素链的α衰变能，并利用IMUFM1和IMUFM2计算了这三条同位素链的α衰变半衰期。通过观察半衰期随同位素链的演化，发现不同质量模型预言的演化趋势是一致的，在N=178和184处会出现转折点，但不同的质量模型预言的α衰变半衰期会出现数量级的差异。另外，通过讨论α衰变和自发裂变之间的竞争，发现N<186质量核区的超重核以α衰变为主。因此，理论研究超重核的α衰变半衰期是有意义的。最后，利用IMUFM1和IMUFM2和上述的三种质量模型讨论了²⁹⁶Og，²⁹⁷119和²⁹⁸120 α衰变链的衰变模式，发现WS4和KTUY两种质量模型的预言结果与实验测量一致。尽管FRDM2012质量模型预言的²⁸⁸Fl，²⁸⁵Nh和²⁸⁶Fl与实验测量有所差别，但对于²⁸⁸Fl，IMUFM2的预言结果比INUFM1更符合实验测量，再次验证了IMUFM2的合理性和可靠性。希望本文的理论研究有助于为将来实验上鉴别新核素提供理论参考。

关键词:
超重核 /

统一裂变模型 /

α衰变 /

自发裂变
Abstract
An unified fission model (UFM) has been improved by considering the nuclear deformation effect and introducing an analytical expression of the preformation factor. The improved version of the UFM by considering the nuclear deformation effect is called IMUFM1. Based on the IMUFM1, the further improved version is called IMUFM2 by introducing an analytical expression of the preformation factor. Within the UFM, the IMUFM1 and the IMUFM2, the α decay half-lives of heavy and superheavy nuclei with Z≥92 are systematically calculated. By calculating the standard deviation between the calculated ones and the experimental data, it is found that the accuracy of the IMUFM1 improved 2.45% than this of the UFM. The accuracy of the IMUFM2 will be further improved 32.09% than this of the IMUFM1, which implies the nuclear deformation effect and the preformation factor is important in prediction. Then, the α decay half-lives of Z=118~120 isotopes are predicted within the IMUFM1 and the IMUFM2 by inputting the α decay energies that extracted from the sinite-range droplet model (FRDM), the Weizsäcker-Skyrme-4 (WS4) model and the Koura-Tachibaba-Uno-Yamads (KTUY) formula, respectively. By observing the evolution of the α decay half-lives, it is found that the evolution trends within the mentioned three kinds of mass models are consistent and the shell effect are shown at N=178 and 184, but the order of magnitude are different with the different kinds of mass models. Meanwhile, the dominant decay modes of the superheavy nuclei with N<186 are α decay by comparing the half-lives between α decay and spontaneous fission. So the study of α decay of superheavy nuclei is meaningful. Finally, the decay modes of ²⁹⁶Og, ²⁹⁷119 and ²⁹⁸120 α decay chains are predicted within the IMUFM1 and the IMUFM2 by using these there kinds of mass models, which shown that the predictions within the WS4 and KTUY mass models are more consistent with the experimental measurements. Within the FRDM2012 mass model, although the predictions of ²⁸⁸Fl, ²⁸⁵Nh and ²⁸⁶Fl within the IMUFM1 mass model are not consistent with the experimental measurements, the prediction of ²⁸⁸Fl within the IMUFM2 is good agreement with the experimental measurement, which once again verified the rationality and reliability of the IMUFM2. The predictions of this article might be helpful for identifying new nuclide in future experiments.

Keywords:
superheavy nuclei /

unified fission model /

α decay /

spontaneous fission
施引文献

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Z=118~120超重核α衰变性质的研究

Study on α decay properties of superheavy nuclei with Z=118~120

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Z=118~120超重核α衰变性质的研究

Study on α decay properties of superheavy nuclei with Z=118~120

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