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6G无线网络预计在未来提供全球覆盖、高频谱效率、低成本、高安全性、更高智能水平的服务, 为人类社会打造一个无处不在的智能移动网络. 太赫兹无线通信具有高数据传输速率、低延时和抗干扰等特点, 有望在6G技术中得到广泛的应用. 本文主要介绍了6G技术的规划愿景、发展现状及其关键技术, 分析了太赫兹器件、信道、通信系统以及6G技术可能的发展趋势.
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关键词:
- 6G技术 /
- 太赫兹量子级联激光器 /
- 单行载流子光电探测器 /
- 太赫兹通信
The future sixth-generation (6G) wireless network has advantages of global coverage, high spectrum efficiency, low cost, high safety, and higher intelligent level. The 6G technology can create ubiquitous intelligent mobile networks for human society. Terahertz wireless communication has the characteristics of high data transmission rate, low delay, and anti-interference, which may be widely used in 6G technology. This paper mainly introduces the planning vision, development status, and key 6G technology, and analyzes the terahertz devices, channels, communication systems, and the possible development trend of 6G technology.-
Keywords:
- 6G technology /
- terahertz quantum cascade laser /
- uni-traveling-carrier photodiode /
- terahertz communication
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图 2 4G到6G通信和计算融合的体系结构的演化过程(转自三星6G白皮书6G -The Next Hyper Connected Experience for All)
Fig. 2. Architectural evolution for convergence of communications and computing from 4G to 6G (from 6G-The Next Hyper Connected Experience for All).
图 8 (a)草坪和(b)人行道上的链路距离与误码率性能的关系, 100 (黑色)、200 (蓝色)、300 (红色)和400 (绿色) GHz载波频率. 插图为路径损耗的平方根与距离和频率的乘积呈线性关系[39]
Fig. 8. The BER performance relevant to link distance on (a) lawn and (b) sidewalk, for 100 (black), 200 (blue), 300 (red), and 400 (green) GHz carrier frequencies. Inset: square root of path loss scales linearly with the product of the distance and the frequency[39].
图 9 (a)测量的BER性能与各种链路距离的关系及眼图, 由于信噪比的限制, 在60 cm处记录了最小误码率, 然后逐渐增加[40]; (b)广岛大学研发的最高单通道数据速率为105 Gbit/s的Tx的显微图像[41]
Fig. 9. (a) Measurements of bit error rate performance for various link distance and eye-diagrams, and the minimum BER was recorded at 60 cm then increased gradually, due to the SNR limitation[40]; (b) microimages of Tx with the highest single-channel 105 Gbit/s data rate developed by Hiroshima University[41].
图 11 (a)矩形波导输出的光电二极管的俯视图和侧视图, 对于600 GHz波段波导(WR-1.5), 内部波导尺寸为L = 0.381 mm, W = 0.191 mm; (b)直流偏置电压VB为–0.8 V, 光电流IPD为6 mA和9 mA时输出功率与频率关系[51]
Fig. 11. (a) Top view and side view of a photodiode with a rectangular waveguide output. In a 600-GHz-band waveguide (WR-1.5), interior waveguide sizes are L = 0.381 mm, and W = 0.191 mm; (b) output power and frequency relationship when VB is –0.8 V, IPD is 6 mA and 9 mA[51].
图 12 (a) 300−500 GHz频段上在50 cm的无线传输后对8个信道的误码率性能的测量[52]; (b)在2.8 m无线传输后, 对X和Y路径中的两路THz信号进行了评估, 图中为比特BER性能与UTC-PDS光功率的函数[55]; (c) “w/o KK”、“二次KK”、“指数KK”的BER与CSPR及UTC-PD输入的光功率的函数曲线[56]
Fig. 12. (a) Measurements of BER performance after 50 cm wireless transmission for 8 channels in the 300−500 GHz band[52]; (b) the evaluation of two-way THz signals in the X and Y paths after 2.8 m wireless transmission and a function of bit BER performance with UTC-PDS optical power in this figure[55]; (c) function curve of BER and the optical power input from CSPR and UTC-PD for “w/o” KK”, “quadratic KK” and “exponential KK” [56].
图 13 (a)扭曲畴壁的光学图像; (b)具有直畴壁、十个角的扭曲畴壁和无畴壁的VPC的传输曲线, 无畴壁的VPC, 在0.32−0.35 THz之间的传输明显降低, 而具有扭曲或直畴壁的VPC, 带隙内的传输接近统一[58]
Fig. 13. (a) An optical image of the fabricated twisted domain wall; (b) measured transmission curves for a VPC with a straight domain wall, a twisted domain wall with ten corners and no domain wall, transmission between 0.32−0.35 THz is significantly reduced, while transmission within the band gap in the VPC with twisted or straight domain walls is nearly uniform[58].
性能 5G 6G 峰值数据速率 20 Gbit/s 1—10 Tbit/s 用户体验数据速率 0.1 Gbit/s 1 Gbit/s 时延 >1 ms <0.3 ms 移动速度 <500 km/h 1000 km/h 全球覆盖率 大约70% >99.9% 移动速度 500 km/h >800 km/h 区域流量密度 0.01 Gbit/(s·m2) 1 Gbit/(s·m2) 网络能源效率 比4G高10—100倍 比5G高10—100倍 频谱效率 比4G高3—5倍 比5G高3—5倍 
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