二维冰相I的电子和光学性质

王丹; 邱荣; 陈博; 包南云; 康冬冬; 戴佳钰

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20210708

摘要

二维冰是典型的原子制造技术获得的新型原子级材料, 其结构和成核生长在材料科学、摩擦学、生物学、大气科学和行星科学等众多领域具有至关重要的作用. 虽然二维冰的结构性质已被广泛研究, 但对其电学和光学性质知之甚少. 本文通过密度泛函理论和线性响应理论计算了二维冰相I在零温时的主要电学、光学、介电性质和红外光谱. 其次, 利用从头算分子动力学方法模拟得到了二维冰相I在有限温度下的声子振动态密度. 本文的结果揭示了原子级二维冰相I的电子结构, 同时展示了其独特的光吸收机理, 有助于二维冰相I的进一步实验表征和原子级操控. 由于表面上的二维冰可以促进或抑制三维冰的形成, 这对于设计和研发防结冰材料具有潜在的应用价值. 此外, 二维冰本身也可以作为一种特殊的二维材料, 为高温超导电性、深紫外探测、冷冻电镜成像等研究提供全新的标准材料.

关键词:

Abstract

Two-dimensional ice is a new type of atomic-scale material obtained by typical atomic manufacturing techniques. Its structure and nucleation growth play an essential role in many fields such as material science, tribology, biology, atmospheric science and planetary science. Although the structural properties of two-dimensional ice have been investigated extensively, little is known about its electronic and optical properties. In this paper, the main electronic, optical, dielectric properties and infrared spectra of two-dimensional ice I at zero temperature are calculated by density functional theory and linear response theory. The study reveals that the two-dimensional ice I is an indirect band gap and its optical properties show anisotropic lattice. And the absorption energy range for the two-dimensional ice I is in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum (> 3.2 eV) and the visible region of the spectrum (between 2 and 3.2 eV), respectively. Secondly, the radial distribution function and the vibrational density of states of the two-dimensional ice I at a finite temperature are simulated by ab initio molecular dynamics method. For the structure of the two-dimensional ice I, whether SCAN or PBE functional, after considering the vdW effect, there is almost no effect on the atomic distance, while by comparison, the SCAN functional and the PBE functional are quite different. Therefore, it can be seen that the main reason for affecting the distance between atoms in the structure is due to the consideration of the strong confinement effect of SCAN. In terms of the vibration characteristics of two-dimensional ice I, comparing with PBE and vdW-DF-ob86, the first two peaks of the IR spectrum of SCAN + rVV10 functional show blue shift, and the two peaks in the high frequency region present the red shift. Therefore, considering the strong confinement effect of SCAN, the intermolecular tensile vibration of two-dimensional ice I becomes stronger, while the intramolecular H—O—H bending vibration and O—H bond tensile vibration become weaker. The effect of van der Waals action on vibration properties is not obvious. Furthermore, we investigate the temperature effects on the vibration spectra of two-dimensional ice I. It is found that with the increase of temperature, the intermolecular librational mode weakens at a low frequency, the intramolecular bending and stretching bands gradually broaden, and the intramolecular O-H stretching peak presents the blue-shifts with temperature rising. The results of this paper reveal the electronic structure of atomic-scale two-dimensional ice I, and demonstrate its unique optical absorption mechanism, which is helpful in further experimentally characterizing and manipulating the two-dimensional ice on an atomic scale. Since the two-dimensional ice on the surface can promote or inhibit the formation of three-dimensional ice, it has potential applications in designing and developing the anti-icing materials. In addition, two-dimensional ice itself can also be used as a unique two-dimensional material, providing a brand-new standard material for high-temperature superconductivity, deep-ultraviolet detection, cryo-electron microscopy imaging.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

国防科技大学物理系, 长沙　410073

通信作者: 康冬冬, ddkang@nudt.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助(批准号: 2017YFA0403200)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11774429, 11874424)和NSAF联合基金(批准号: U1830206)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Corresponding author: Kang Dong-Dong, ddkang@nudt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0403200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11774429, 11874424), and the NSAF (Grant No. U1830206)

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参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 二维冰相I的结构的顶视图、斜视图和侧视图. 顶部水层的H和O原子分别用白色和红色圆球表示, 底部水层的H和O原子分别用深蓝色和浅蓝色圆球表示

Fig. 1. Top, oblique and side views of the structure of two-dimensional ice I. H and O atoms in the top water layer are denoted as white and red spheres, respectively. H and O atoms in the bottom water layer are shown by dark blue and light blue spheres, respectively.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 在120 K温度下, 二维冰相I在不同泛函的径向分布函数(g_OO, g_OH和g_HH)及与冰Ih, XV相在100 K的g_OO的对比. 插图显示了在0.95—1.05 Å距离范围内的g_OH的曲线图

Fig. 2. Radial distribution functions (g_OO, g_OH and g_HH) of two-dimensional ice I in different functionals at 120 K and the comparison with the g_OO of the ice Ih and XV phase at 100 K. The insets show elaborations of the g_OH plots within the 0.95–1.05 Å distance range.

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图 3 从头算分子动力学模拟的二维冰相I在不同温度的径向分布函数. 插图显示了在0.95—1.05 Å距离范围内的g_OH的曲线图

Fig. 3. Radial distribution functions of two-dimensional ice I at different temperatures from ab initio simulations. The insets show elaborations of the g_OH plots within the 0.95–1.05 Å distance range.

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图 4 二维冰相I在不同泛函的电子能带结构. 插图显示了相应的布里渊区

Fig. 4. The electronic band structure of the two-dimensional ice I in different functionals. The insets show the corresponding Brillouin zones.

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图 5 二维冰相I在不同泛函的介电函数的实部　(a), (c), (e)和虚部(b), (d), (f). 其中, x和y表示平面内分量, 而z分量垂直于x-y平面. 粉色虚线箭头表示能隙

Fig. 5. The real (a), (c), (e) and imaginary (b), (d), (f) part of dielectric function of the two-dimensional ice I in different functionals. Here, x and y denote the in-plane components, while z component is perpendicular to x-y plane. The pink-dashed arrows refer to the energy gap.

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图 6 (a)谐波近似下, 不同泛函PBE, vdW-DF-ob86和SCAN + rVV10的二维冰相I的IR; (b) 二维冰相I在不同泛函的振动态密度

Fig. 6. (a) IR of the two-dimensional ice I with different functionals PBE, vdW-DF-ob86 and SCAN+rVV10 under harmonic approximation; (b) the vibrational density of states of the two-dimensional ice I in different functionals.

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图 7 (a)二维冰相I和实验^[72,76]及理论的冰Ih相^[75]的分子内伸缩振动谱; (b) 二维冰相I和实验^[77]及理论的其他冰相^[75]的分子内弯曲振动谱

Fig. 7. (a) Intramolecular stretching vibration spectra of two-dimensional ice I and experimental^[72,76] and theoretical ice Ih^[75]; (b) intramolecular bending vibration spectra of two-dimensional ice I and experimental^[77] crystalline ice and theoretical hexagonal ice^[75].

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图 8 二维冰相I在不同温度下的振动态密度

Fig. 8. The vibrational density of states of the two-dimensional ice I at different temperatures.

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map

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[27]	Chen J, Zen A, Brandenburg J G, Alfe D, Michaelides A 2016 Phys. Rev. B. 94 220102 Google Scholar
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[30]	Lin C, Avidor N, Corem G, Godsi O, Alexandrowicz G, Darling G R, Hodgson A 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 076101 Google Scholar
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[34]	Lupi L, Kastelowitz N, Molinero V 2014 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 141 18c508 Google Scholar
[35]	Chakraborty S, Kumar H, Dasgupta C, Maiti P K 2017 Acc. Chem. Res. 50 2139 Google Scholar
[36]	Neek-Amal M, Lohrasebi A, Mousaei M, Shayeganfar F, Radha B, Peeters F M 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 083101 Google Scholar
[37]	Ma R, Cao D, Zhu C, Tian Y, Peng J, Guo J, Chen J, Li X-Z, Francisco J S, Zeng X C, Xu L-M, Wang E-G, Jiang Y 2020 Nature 577 60 Google Scholar
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[41]	Futrelle R P, McGinty D J 1971 Chem. Phys. Lett. 12 285 Google Scholar
[42]	Heislbetz S, Rauhut G 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 132 124102 Google Scholar
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[48]	Zangi R, Mark A E 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 025502 Google Scholar
[49]	Sobrino Fernández M, Peeters F M, Neek-Amal M 2016 Phys. Rev. B. 94 045436 Google Scholar
[50]	Chen J, Schusteritsch G, Pickard C J, Salzmann C G, Michaelides A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 025501 Google Scholar
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