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渔网超结构具有平面、近光学无损、特定光场中可以激发表面等离激元等特点, 在增强光子器件的响应效率方面极具潜力. 本文基于时域有限差分方法和严格耦合波分析, 系统研究了渔网超结构的等离共振模式及其对晶硅薄膜电池的光波调控性能. 研究结果表明, 渔网结构对光波的吸收、散射和消光特性强烈依赖金属层的厚度、线宽、周期等特征参数. 通过优化设计, 使共振峰红移至770 nm, 相对消光截面达到1.69, 同时散射光在消光光谱中占据主导地位. 以此构筑的响应层厚度为2 μm的晶硅薄膜电池在波长大于800 mm的波段吸收效率显著增强, 电池最终的能量转换效率从6.67%提高到了8.25%. 光强分布显示, 共振导致的背向散射增强和光子传播方向的大角度偏转是实现电池响应增益的重要原因.The fishnet metastructure has plane, near-optical lossless characteristic, and can excite surface plasmons in a specific light field. It has great potential in enhancing the response efficiency of photonic devices. Based on the finite difference time domain method and rigorous coupled wave analysis, in this paper, we systematically study the plasmon resonance mode of the fishnet metastructure and its light wave regulation performance on the crystalline silicon thin film solar cells. The research results show that the characteristics of absorption, scattering and extinction for the fishnet structure strongly depend on the thickness, line width, period and other characteristic parameters of the metal layer. Through optimizing the design, the resonant peak is red-shifted to 770 nm, and the relative extinction cross-section reaches 1.69, and the scattered light occupies a dominant position in the extinction spectrum. The crystalline silicon thin film solar cell with a response layer thickness of 2 μm constructed in this way has a significantly enhanced absorption efficiency in the wavelength band greater than 800 nm, and the final energy conversion efficiency of the device increases from 6.67% to 8.25%. The light intensity distribution shows that the enhanced backscattering caused by resonance and the large-angle deflection of the photon propagation direction are important reasons for the response gain of the solar cell.
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Keywords:
- fishnet metastructure /
- plasmon /
- optical control /
- energy efficiency
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图 1 渔网超结构及相应陷光电池的仿真模型 (a)渔网结构电池示意图; (b)渔网结构及相应参数示意图; (c)模拟周期
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of fishnet metastructure and the simulation model of solar cell with fishnet metastructure: (a) Schematic diagram of solar cell with fishnet metastructure; (b) the detail and design parameters of the fishnet metastructure; (c) top view of the schematic of the unit cell for the simulation.
图 2 渔网超结构的吸收(a1), (b1), (c1), 散射(a2), (b2), (c2)及消光(a3), (b3), (c3)光谱随特征参数的变化关系 (a1)−(a3) 厚度; (b1)−(b3) 周期; (c1)−(c3) 宽度
Fig. 2. Dependence of absorption (a1), (b1), (c1), scattering (a2), (b2), (c2) and extinction (a3), (b3), (c3) spectra of fishnet metastructure on its characteristic parameters: (a1)−(a3) Thickness; (b1)−(b3) period; (c1)−(c3) width.
图 3 渔网超结构薄晶硅电池的光电响应特性 (a)优化后渔网超结构的消光、散射及吸收光谱; (b)不同结构薄晶硅电池及渔网超结构的反射和吸收光谱; (c)不同结构薄晶硅电池的伏安特性曲线; (d)渔网超结构薄晶硅电池的剖面光强分布
Fig. 3. Photoelectric response characteristics of thin film silicon solar cell with fishnet metastructure: (a) Extinction, scattering and absorption spectra of fishnet metastructure with optimal parameter; (b) the reflection and absorption spectrum of silicon thin film solar cells and fishnet metastructure with different structures; (c) the current voltage characteristic curves of silicon thin film solar cells with different structures; (d) light intensity distribution of vertical section of silicon thin film solar cell with fishnet metastructure.
图 4 渔网超结构的截面光强分布 (a) X方向偏振光强; (b) Y方向偏振光强
Fig. 4. Light intensity distribution of cross-section of fishnet metastructure: (a) X polarized direction; (b) Y polarized direction.
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[1] Sobhani F, Heidarzadeh H, Bahador H 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 068401
[2] Deceglie M G, Ferry V E, Alivisatos A P 2012 Nano Lett. 12 2894
Google Scholar
[3] Shen X Q, Wang Q K, Wangyang P H 2016 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28 1477
Google Scholar
[4] Pylypova O, Havryliuk O, Antonin S, Evtukh A, Skryshevsky V, Ivanov I, Shmahlii S 2021 Appl. Nanosci. DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01699-6
[5] 丁东, 杨仕娥, 陈永生, 郜小勇, 谷锦华, 卢景霄 2015 64 248801
Google Scholar
Ding D, Yang S E, Chen Y S, Gao X Y, Gu J H, Lu J X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 248801
Google Scholar
[6] 宫步青, 陈小雨, 王伟鹏, 王治业, 周华, 沈向前 2020 69 188801
Google Scholar
Gong B Q, Chen X Y, Wang W P, Wang Z Y, Zhou H, Shen X Q 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 188801
Google Scholar
[7] 彭新村, 王智栋, 邓文娟, 朱志甫, 邹继军, 张益军 2020 69 068501
Google Scholar
Peng X S, Wang Z D, Deng W J, Zhu Z F, Zhou J J, Zhang Y J 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 068501
Google Scholar
[8] 刘亮, 韩德专, 石磊 2020 69 157301
Google Scholar
Liu L, Han D Z, Shi L 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 157301
Google Scholar
[9] Saive R, Atwater H A 2018 Opt. Express 26 A275
Google Scholar
[10] Jang Y H, Jang Y J, Kim S, Quan L N, Chung K, Kim D H 2016 Chem. Rev. 116 14982
Google Scholar
[11] Lee J Y, Peumans P 2010 Opt. Express 18 10078
Google Scholar
[12] Spinelli P, Polman A 2012 Opt. Express 20 A641
Google Scholar
[13] Mandal P, Sharma S 2016 Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 65 537
Google Scholar
[14] Ueno K, Oshikiri T, Sun Q, Shi X, Misawa H 2018 Chem. Rev. 118 2955
Google Scholar
[15] 吴丰, 郭志伟, 吴家驹, 江海涛, 杜桂强 2020 69 154205
Google Scholar
Wu F, Guo Z W, Wu, J J, Jiang H T, Du G Q 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 154205
Google Scholar
[16] Dai Z G, Hu G W, Ou Q D, Zhang L, Xia F N, Garcia V F J, Qiu C W, Bao Q L 2020 Chem. Rev. 120 592
[17] 吴晗, 吴竞宇, 陈卓 2020 69 010201
Google Scholar
Wu H, Wu J Y, Chen Z 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 010201
Google Scholar
[18] Yang J, Sauvan C, Liu H T, Lalann P 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 043903
Google Scholar
[19] Hamm J M, Wuestner S, Tsakmakidis K L, Hess O 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 167405
Google Scholar
[20] Ji L, Varadan V V 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 110 043114
Google Scholar
[21] Seal S, Budhraja V, Ji L, Varadan V V 2015 Int. J. Photoenergy 46 910619
Google Scholar
[22] Zhou H, Xie J, Mai M F, Wang J, Shen X Q, Wang S Y, Zhang L H, Kisslinger K, Wang H Q, Zhang J X, Ke S M, Zeng X R 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 16160
Google Scholar
[23] Feng N N, Jurgen M, Zeng L R, Liu J F, Hong C Y, Lionel C K, Duan X M, 2007 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 54 1926
Google Scholar
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