二维材料中的氢隧穿研究进展

辛延波; 胡琪; 牛栋华; 郑晓虎; 时洪亮; 王玫; 肖志松; 黄安平; Zhang Zhi-Bin

doi:10.7498/aps.66.056601

摘要

石墨烯、石墨烯衍生物以及类石墨烯材料通常具有致密的网状晶格结构，研究表明这类材料对分子、原子和离子具有很强的阻挡性.然而对于不同形态的氢粒子（原子、离子、氢气分子）是否能够隧穿二维材料仍然存在很多科学争议，并已成为目前科学研究的一个热点.本文综述了氢隧穿二维材料的研究进展，介绍了不同结构氢粒子隧穿二维材料体系的特点，阐述了氢粒子隧穿不同质量石墨烯和类石墨烯材料时所需要逾越的势垒高度，并对比了其跃迁的难度.讨论了从二维材料本身出发，降低氢隧穿势垒大小和改变环境对氢隧穿过程的影响，实现氢粒子隧穿二维材料.最后展望了氢隧穿二维材料在实际应用中可能存在的问题及未来的研究方向.

关键词:

二维材料 /
氢隧穿 /
量子微扰

Abstract

One-atom-thick material such as graphene, graphene derivatives and graphene-like materials, usually has a dense network lattice structure and therefore dense distribution of electronic clouds in the atomic plane. This unique structure makes it have great significance in both basic research and practical applications. Studies have shown that molecules, atoms and ions are very difficult to permeate through these above-mentioned two-dimensional materials. Theoretical investigations demonstrate that even hydrogen, the smallest in atoms, is expected to take billions of years to penetrate through the dense electronic cloud of graphene. Therefore, it is generally considered that one-atom-thin materialis impermeable for hydrogen. However, recent experimental results have shown that the hydrogen atoms can tunnel through graphene and monolayer hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature. The existence of defects in one-atomthin material can also effectively reduce the barrier height of the hydrogen tunneling through graphene. Controversy exists about whether hydrogen particles such as atoms, ions or hydrogen molecules can tunnel through two-dimensional materials, and it has been one of the popular topics in the fields of two-dimensional materials. In this paper, the recent research progressof hydrogen tunneling through two-dimensional materials is reviewed. The characteristics of hydrogen isotopes tunneling through different two-dimensional materials are introduced. Barrier heights of hydrogen tunneling through different graphene and graphene-like materials are discussed and the difficulties in its transition are compared. Hydrogen cannot tunnel through the monolayer molybdenum disulfide, only a little small number of hydrogen atoms can tunnel hrough graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, while hydrogen is relatively easy to tunnel through silicene and phosphorene. The introduction of atomic defects or some oxygen-containing functional groups into the two-dimensional material is discussed, which can effectively reduce the barrier height of the hydrogen tunneling barrier. By adding the catalyst and adjusting the temperature and humidity of the tunneling environment, the hydrogen tunneling ability can be enhanced and the hydrogen particles tunneling through the two-dimensional material can be realized. Finally, the applications of hydrogen tunneling through two-dimensional materials in ion-separation membranes, fuel cells and hydrogen storage materials are summarized. The potential applications of hydrogen permeable functional thin film materials, lithium ion battery electrode materials and nano-channel ions in low energy transmission are prospected. The exact mechanism of hydrogen tunneling through two-dimensional material is yet to be unravelled. In order to promote these applications and to realize large-scale production and precision machining of these two-dimensional materials, an in-depth understanding of the fundamental questions of the hydrogen tunneling mechanism is needed. Further studies are needed to predict the tunneling process quantitatively and to understand the effects of catalyst and the influences of chemical environments.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
北京航空航天大学物理科学与核能工程学院, 北京 100191;

2.
北京大学物理学院, 量子材料科学中心, 北京 100871;

3.
Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-75121, Uppsala, Sweden

通信作者: 黄安平, aphuang@buaa.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：51372008，11574017，11574021，11604007）和北京市科学技术委员会专项计划（批准号：Z161100000216149）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;

2.
International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;

3.
Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-75121, Uppsala, Sweden

Corresponding author: Huang An-Ping, aphuang@buaa.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51372008, 11574017, 11574021, 11604007) and the Special Foundation of Beijing Municipal Science Technology Commission, China (Grant No. Z161100000216149).

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施引文献

[1]	Li H, Song Z N, Zhang X J, Huang Y, Li S G, Mao Y T, Ploehn H J, Bao Y, Yu M 2013Science 342 95
[2]	Bayer T, Bishop S R, Nishihara M, Sasaki K, Lyth S M 2014J.Power Sources 272 239
[3]	Forero A B, Ponciano J A C, Bott I S 2014Mater.Corros. 65 531
[4]	Wang B, Feng Y H, Wang Q S, Zhang W, Zhang L N, Ma J W, Zhang H R, Yu G H, Wang G Q 2016Acta Phys.Sin. 65 098101(in Chinese)[王彬, 冯雅辉, 王秋实, 张伟, 张丽娜, 马晋文, 张浩然, 于广辉, 王桂强2016 65 098101]
[5]	Li X S, Colombo L, Ruoff R S 2016Adv.Mater. 28 6247
[6]	Dong Y F, He D W, Wang Y S, Xu H T, Gong Z 2016Acta Phys.Sin. 65 128101(in Chinese)[董艳芳, 何大伟, 王永生, 许海腾, 巩哲2016 65 128101]
[7]	Achtyl J L, Unocic R R, Xu L, Cai Y, Raju M, Zhang W, Sacci R L, Vlassiouk I V, Fulvio P F, Ganesh P, Wesolowski D J, Dai S, Van D A C, Neurock M, Geiger F M 2015Nat.Commun. 6 6539
[8]	Bunch J S, Verbridge S S, Alden J S, van der Zande A M, Parpia J M, Craighead H G, McEuen P L 2008Nano Lett. 8 2458
[9]	Leenaerts O, Partoens B, Peeters F M 2008Appl.Phys.Lett. 93 193107
[10]	Wang W L, Kaxiras E 2010New J.Phys. 12 125012
[11]	Koenig S P, Wang L, Pellegrino J, Bunch J S 2012Nature Nanotechnol. 7 728
[12]	Paul D R 2012Science 335 413
[13]	Joshi R K, Carbone P, Wang F C, Kravets V G, Su Y, Grigorieva I V, Wu H A, Geim A K, Nair R R 2014Science 343 752
[14]	Miao M, Nardelli M B, Wang Q, Liu Y H 2013PCCP 15 16132
[15]	Hu S, Lozada-Hidalgo M, Wang F C, Mishchenko A, Schedin F, Nair R R, Hill E W, Boukhvalov D W, Katsnelson M I, Dryfe R A W, Grigorieva I V, Wu H A, Geim A K 2014Nature 516 227
[16]	Lozada-Hidalgo M, Hu S, Marshall O, Mishchenko A, Grigorenko A N, Dryfe R A W, Radha B, Grigorieva I V, Geim A K 2016Science 351 68
[17]	Hu S 2014Ph.D.Dissertation(City of Manchester:The University of Manchester)
[18]	Du H L, Li J Y, Zhang J, Su G, Li X Y, Zhao Y L 2011J.Phys.Chem.C 115 23261
[19]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004Science 306 666
[20]	Mauritz K A, Moore R B 2004Chem.Rev. 104 4535
[21]	Xie D G, Wang Z J, Sun J, Li J, Ma E, Shan Z W 2015Nature Mater. 14 899
[22]	Poltavsky I, Zheng L M, Mortazavi M, Tkatchenko A https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.06341[2016-10-28]
[23]	Gao W, Wu G, Janicke M T, Cullen D A, Mukundan R, Baldwin J K, Brosha E L, Galande C, Ajayan P M, More K L, Dattelbaum A M, Zelenay P 2014Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 53 3588
[24]	Huang X Q, Lin C F, Yin X L, Zhao R G, Wang E G, Hu Z H 2014Acta Phys.Sin. 63 197301(in Chinese)[黄向前, 林陈昉, 尹秀丽, 赵汝光, 王恩哥, 胡宗海2014 63 197301]
[25]	Miura Y, Kasai H, Dio W A, Nakanishi H, Sugimoto T 2003J.Phys.Soc.Jpn. 72 995
[26]	Seel M, Pandey R 20162D Materials 3 025004
[27]	Poltavsky I, Tkatchenko A 2016Chem.Sci. 7 1368
[28]	Nair R R, Wu H A, Jayaram P N, Grigorieva I V, Geim A K 2012Science 335 442
[29]	Celebi K, Buchheim J, Wyss R M, Droudian A, Gasser P, Shorubalko I, Kye J I, Lee C, Park H G 2014Science 344 289
[30]	Su Y, Kravets V G, Wong S L, Waters J, Geim A K, Nair R R 2014Nat.Commun. 5 4843
[31]	O'Hern S C, Jang D, Bose S, Idrobo J C, Song Y, Laoui T, Kong J, Karnik R 2015Nano Lett. 15 3254
[32]	Hatakeyama K, Karim M R, Ogata C, Tateishi H, Funatsu A, Taniguchi T, Koinuma M, Hayami S, Matsumoto Y 2014Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 126 7117
[33]	Hatakeyama K, Tateishi H, Taniguchi T, Koinuma M, Kida T, Hayami S, Yokoi H, Matsumoto Y 2014Chem.Mater. 26 5598
[34]	He G W, Chang C Y, Xu M Z, Hu S, Li L Q, Zhao J, Li Z, Li Z Y, Yin Y H, Gang M Y, Wu H, Yang X L, Griver M D, Jiang Z Y 2015Adv.Funct.Mater. 25 7502
[35]	Ravikumar, Scott K 2012Chem.Commun. 48 5584
[36]	Shao J J, Raidongia K, Koltonow A R, Huang J X 2015Nat.Commun. 6 7602
[37]	Hatakeyama K, Karim M R, Ogata C, Tateishi H, Taniguchi T, Koinuma M, Hayami S, Matsumoto Y 2014Chem.Commun. 50 14527
[38]	Tahat A, MartJ 2014Phys.Rev.E 89 052130
[39]	Kenneth B, Wiberg 1955Chem.Rev. 55 713
[40]	Jiang D E, Cooper V R, Dai S 2009Nano Lett. 9 4019
[41]	Radha B, Esfandiar A, Wang F C, Rooney A P, Gopinadhan K, Keerthi A, Mishchenko A, Janardanan A, Blake P, Fumagalli L, Lozada-hidalgo M, Gara S, Haigh S J, Grigorieva I V, Geim A K 2016Nature 538 222
[42]	Pan R, Fan X L, Luo Z F, An Y R 2016Comput.Mater.Sci. 124 106
[43]	Zhao Y C, Dai Z H, Sui P F, Zhang X L 2013Acta Phys.Sin. 62 137301(in Chinese)[赵银昌, 戴振宏, 隋鹏飞, 张晓玲2013 62 137301]
[44]	Banerjee P, Pathak B, Ahuja R, Das G P 2016Int.J.Hydrogen Energy 41 14437
[45]	Tanabe T 2013J.Nucl.Mater. 438 S19
[46]	Krauss W, Konys J, Holstein N, Zimmermann H 2011J.Nucl.Mater. 417 1233
[47]	Wang Z, Chen T, Chen W, Chang K, Ma L, Huang G, Chen D, Lee J 2013J.Mater.Chem.A 1 2202
[48]	Chen Y N, Fu K, Zhu S, Luo W, Wang Y B, Li Y J, Hitz E M, Yao Y G, Dai J Q, Wan J D, Danner V A, Li T, Hu L 2016Nano Lett. 16 3616
[49]	Zheng X H, Gao L, Yao Q Z, Li Q Y, Zhang M, Xie X M, Qiao S, Wang G, Ma T B, Di Z F, Luo J B, Wang X 2016Nat.Commun. 7 13204

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