金纳米柱阵列表面等离子体激元与J-聚集分子强耦合作用

赵泽宇; 刘晋侨; 李爱武; 徐颖

doi:10.7498/aps.65.231101

摘要

采用脱模工艺制备了表面光滑的金纳米柱阵列结构，这种加工方法操作简单、可重复性强，可以将形貌相同的纳米柱阵列结构大批量复制到不同衬底上.采用这种金纳米柱阵列结构激发表面等离子体激元并实现了其与J-聚集染料分子的强耦合作用.在所制备的杂化耦合体系中，观测到了200 meV的拉比劈裂值.进一步通过调节金纳米柱阵列的周期来改变耦合强度，在反射谱中观测到了强耦合存在的标志性实验证据：耦合杂化态对应能量的反交叉曲线.这种简单并可以大批量制备的强耦合杂化体系对于促进强耦合作用在纳米等离子体器件中的广泛应用具有积极意义.

关键词:

Abstract

Recently, much attention has been paid to an interesting subject, i.e., the interactions between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and molecules. The interactions between SPPs and molecules often appear in two opposite cases, namely weak and strong coupling. When the interaction is weak, the absorption maximum simply coincides with the electronic transition energy of the molecule. In the weak coupling regime, the wave functions of the molecule and the SPP modes are considered to be unperturbed, only leading to enhancement of the absorption or fluorescence of the molecules. On the other hand, when the interaction is strong enough, the SPPs and molecules can form a coherent hybrid object, thus the excitation energy is shared by and oscillates between the SPPs and molecular systems (Rabi oscillations), leading to vacuum Rabi splitting of energy levels at the resonance frequency. Due to the fact that both the SPPs and the molecule components can be confined into the nanometer scale, the work on strong coupling with SPPs offers a very good opportunity to realize nanoplasmonic devices, such as thresholdless laser and room temperature B-E condensates.In this work, we investigate a hybrid system formed by strong coupled gold nanodisk arrays and J-aggregate molecules. Smooth gold nanodisk arrays are fabricated by a template-stripping process. In such an experimentally simple replicate process, mass-production of gold nanodisk arrays with the same morphology can be transferred from patterned indium tin oxides (ITO) glass. The structures on ITO glass are milled with a focused ion beam. Periodic gold nanodisk arrays have the capability of converting light into SPPs modes, resulting in a significant field confinement at the patterned metal surface. In particular, the desired SPP mode can be chosen by changing the nanodisk array period to match the absorbance peak of the J-aggregate molecule. On the other hand, J-aggregate molecule is chosen due to its large dipole moments and absorption coefficient, which makes it attractive for designing the strong exciton-plasmon interaction system. The strong coupled system is formed when the J-aggregate molecule is spin-coated on the gold nanodisk arrays. Through reflection measurements, Rabi splitting energy value 200 meV is observed when the period of the nanodisk array is 350 nm. Through tuning the coupling strength by changing the lattice period from 250 nm to 450 nm, the typical signature of strong coupling:anticrossing of energies is found in reflection spectra. This simple replicate process for strong coupling hybrid system fabrication should play an important role in designing novel ultrafast nanoplasmonic devices with coherent functionalities.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
吉林大学电子科学与工程学院, 集成光电子学国家重点联合实验室, 长春 130012;

2.
中国科学院光电技术研究所, 微细加工光学技术国家重点实验室, 成都 610209;

3.
西安交通大学机械工程学院, 西安 710049

通信作者: 徐颖, xuying1969@hotmail.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：31378053）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;

2.
State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China;

3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

Corresponding author: Xu Ying, xuying1969@hotmail.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31378053).

参考文献

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[34]	Wang H, Wang H Y, Gao B R, Wang L, Yang Z Y, Du X B, Chen Q D, Song J F, Sun H B 2011 Nanoscale 3 2280
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施引文献

[1]	Sheng Y, Fan D H, Fu J W, Yu C P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 117302 (in Chinese)[沈云, 范定寰, 傅继武, 于国萍2011 60 117302]
[2]	Huang Q, Cao L R, Sun J, Zhang X D, Geng W D, Xiong S Z, Zhao Y, Wang J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1980 (in Chinese)[黄茜, 曹丽冉, 孙建, 张晓丹, 耿卫东, 熊绍珍, 赵颖, 王京2009 58 1980]
[3]	Gramotnev D K, Bozhevolnyi S I 2010 Nat. Photonics 4 83
[4]	Xu B B, Zhang R, Liu X Q, Wang H, Zhang Y L, Jiang H B, Wang L, Ma Z C, Ku J F, Xiao F S, Sun H B 2012 Chem. Commun. 48 1680
[5]	Xu B B, Ma Z C, Wang L, Zhang R, Niu L G, Yang Z, Zhang Y L, Zheng W H, Zhao B, Xu Y, Chen Q D, Xia H, Sun H B 2011 Lab on Chip 11 3347
[6]	Wang H, Wang H Y, Gao B R, Jiang Y, Yang Z Y, Hao Y W, Chen Q D, Du X B, Sun H B 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 251501
[7]	Jiang Y, Wang H Y, Wang H, Gao B R, Hao Y W, Jin Y, Chen Q D, Sun H B 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 12636
[8]	Neogi A, Lee C W, Everitt H O, Kuroda T, Tackeuchi A, Yablonovitch E 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 153305
[9]	Törmö P, Barnes W L 2015 Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 013901
[10]	Khitrova G, Gibbs H M, Kira M, Koch S W, Scherer A 2006 Nat. Phys. 2 81
[11]	Barnes W L, Dereux A, Ebbesen T W 2003 Nature 424 824
[12]	Schlather A E, Large N, Urban A S, Nordlander P, Halas N J 2013 Nano Lett. 13 3281
[13]	Zengin G, Wersäll M, Nilsson S, Antosiewicz T J, Käll M, Shegai T 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 157401
[14]	Ding K, Ning C Z 2012 Light Sci. Appl. 1 e20
[15]	Fang Y, Sun M 2015 Light Sci. Appl. 4 e294
[16]	Lai Y Y, Lan Y P, Lu T C 2013 Light Sci. Appl. 2 e76
[17]	DeLacy B G, Miller O D, Hsu C W, Zander Z, Lacey S, Yagloski R, Fountain A W, Valdes E, Anquillare E, Soljačić M, Johnson S G, Joannopoulos J D 2015 Nano Lett. 15 2588
[18]	Hao Y W, Wang H Y, Jiang Y, Chen Q D, Ueno K, Wang W Q, Misawa H, Sun H B 2011 Angew. Chem. 123 7970
[19]	Wang H, Wang H Y, Bozzola A, Toma A, Panaro S, Raja W, Alabastri A, Wang L, Chen Q D, Xu H L, De Angelis F, Sun H B, Zaccaria R P 2016 Adv. Funct. Mater. DOI:10.1002/adfm. 201601452
[20]	Wang H, Toma A, Wang H Y, Bozzola A, Miele E, Haddadpour A, Veronis G, De Angelis F, Wang L, Chen Q D, Xu H L, Sun H B, Zaccaria R P 2016 Nanoscale 8 13445
[21]	Väkeväinen A I, Moerland R J, Rekola H T, Eskelinen A P, Martikainen J P, Kim D H, Törmö P 2014 Nano Lett. 14 1721
[22]	Shi L, Hakala T K, Rekola H T, Martikainen J P, Moerland R J, Törmö P 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 153002
[23]	Gómez D E, Lo S S, Davis T J, Hartland G V 2013 J. Phys. Chem. B 117 4340
[24]	Gómez D E, Vernon K C, Mulvaney P, Davis T J 2010 Nano Lett. 10 274
[25]	Kéna-Cohen S, Maier S A, Bradley D D C 2013 Adv. Opt. Mater. 1 827
[26]	Schwartz T, Hutchison J A, Genet C, Ebbesen T W 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 196405
[27]	Hutchison J A, Schwartz T, Genet C, Devaux E, Ebbesen T W 2012 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 1592
[28]	Hutchison J A, Liscio A, Schwartz T, Canaguier-Durand A, Genet C, Palermo V, Samorì P, Ebbesen T W 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 2481
[29]	Orgiu E, George J, Hutchison J A, Devaux E, Dayen J F, Doudin B, Stellacci F, Genet C, Schachenmayer J, Genes C, Pupillo G, Samori P, Ebbesen T W 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1123
[30]	Coles D M, Somaschi N, Michetti P, Clark C, Lagoudakis P G, Savvidis P G, Lidzey D G 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 712
[31]	Santhosh K, Bitton O, Chuntonov L, Haran G 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11823
[32]	Wang L, Li Q, Wang H Y, Huang J C, Zhang R, Chen Q D, Xu H L, Han W, Shao Z Z, Sun H B 2015 Light Sci. Appl. 4 e245
[33]	Wang L, Zhu S J, Wang H Y, Qu S N, Zhang Y L, Zhang J H, Chen Q D, Xu H L, Han W, Yang B, Sun H B 2014 ACS Nano 8 2541
[34]	Wang H, Wang H Y, Gao B R, Wang L, Yang Z Y, Du X B, Chen Q D, Song J F, Sun H B 2011 Nanoscale 3 2280
[35]	Gao B R, Wang H Y, Hao Y W, Fu L M, Fang H H, Jiang Y, Wang L, Chen Q D, Xia H, Pan L Y, Ma Y G, Sun H B 2010 J. Phys. Chem. B 114 128
[36]	Vogel N, Zieleniecki J, Koper I 2012 Nanoscale 4 3820
[37]	Liu Y F, Feng J, Cui H F, Zhang Y F, Yin D, Bi Y G, Song J F, Chen Q D, Sun H B 2013 Nanoscale 5 10811
[38]	Dintinger J, Klein S, Bustos F, Barnes W L, Ebbesen T W 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 035424
[39]	Cao L, Brongersma L M 2009 Nat. Photonics 3 12

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