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以聚苯乙烯微球为模板, 采用种子-生长法在聚苯乙烯微球表面镀覆金球壳层, 以不同浓度旋涂分散在阴极衬底上, 热处理去除聚苯乙烯模板, 初步制备出表面具有金球壳结构的反射式金阴极样品, 通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜研究其表面形貌, 结果表明: 阴极表面球壳的直径约为10 μm, 高温去除聚苯乙烯微球模板后金沉积层具有良好的自支撑性, 球壳厚度约70-90 nm, 球壳表面主要由30-60 nm的晶粒突起组成. X射线光电发射测试表明, 反射式球壳结构阴极在200-1500 eV波段光电效率相对于平面薄膜阴极有明显提升, 其量子效率可达到平面阴极的3倍以上, 理论分析表明: 球壳结构阴极特殊的表面结构引起光电发射面积的增大和表面势垒的降低, 是阴极光电发射效率提高的主要原因.Gold spherical shell photocathode was prepared by seed-mediated growth on polystyrefle template and dispersed on the aluminum substrates by spin-coating procedure. Polystyrefle template was then removed by heat treatment. SEM surface morphology shows that Au spherical shell of ～10 μm in diameter can be self-supported after polystyrefle substrate is removed. The thickness of Au shell is about 70-90 nm and the grain size on the surface is about 30-60 nm. X-ray photoemission characteristics of Au reflection photocathodes in the 400-1400 eV photon energy region are obtained, indicating that the Au shell photocathodes can emit 3 times more photoelectrons than the plane Au photocathode; this results from the special surface morphology of Au spherical shell and the reduction of surface potential.
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Keywords:
- X-ray photocathodes /
- Au spherical shell /
- X-ray photoemission characteristics /
- surface morphology
[1] Shang W L, Yang J M, Dong Y S 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 094105
[2] Zhang Q F, Large N, Nordlander P, Wang H 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 370
[3] Zeng P, Yuan Z, Deng B, Yuan Y T, Li Z C, Liu S Y, Zhao Y D, Hong C H, Zheng L, Cui M Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 155209 (in Chinese) [曾鹏, 袁铮, 邓博, 袁永腾, 李志超, 刘慎业, 赵屹东, 洪才浩, 郑雷, 崔明启 2012 61 155209]
[4] Yuan Z, Liu S Y, Cao Z R, Li Y F, Chen T, Li H, Zhang H Y, Chen M 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4967 (in Chinese) [袁铮, 刘慎业, 曹柱荣, 李云峰, 陈韬, 黎航, 张海鹰, 陈铭 2010 59 4967]
[5] Wang Y Y, Gao Y, Wang X M, Cao Z R, Yi Z, Xu X B, Yi Y G, Wu W D 2013 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 25 2627 (in Chinese) [王瑜英, 高扬, 王雪敏, 曹柱荣, 易早, 徐习斌, 易有根, 吴卫东 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 2627]
[6] Cao Z R, Dong J J, Yang Z H, Zhan X Y, Yuan Z, Zhang H Y, Jiang S E, Ding Y K 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 045205 (in Chinese) [曹柱荣, 董建军, 杨正华, 詹夏宇, 袁铮, 张海鹰, 江少恩, 丁永坤 2013 62 045205]
[7] Feng J, Engelhorn K, Cho B I, Lee H J, Greaves M, Weker C P, Falcone R W, Padmore H A, Heimann P A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 134102
[8] Tan X L, Niu G, Li K, Luo J S, Wu W D, Tang Y J 2012 Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 41 169 (in Chinese) [谭秀兰, 牛高, 李恺, 罗江山, 吴卫东, 唐永建 2012 稀有金属材料与工程 41 169]
[9] Tan X L, Niu G, Li K, Luo J S, Wu W D, Tang Y J 2013 Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 42 162 (in Chinese) [谭秀兰, 牛高, 李恺, 罗江山, 吴卫东, 唐永建 2013 稀有金属材料与工程 42 162]
[10] Kane E O 1966 Phys. Rev. 147 335
[11] Henke B L, Knauer J P, Premaratne K 1981 J. Appl. Phys. 52 1509
[12] Dowell D, Schmerge J 2009 Phys. Rev. ST-Accel. Beams 12 074201
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[1] Shang W L, Yang J M, Dong Y S 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 094105
[2] Zhang Q F, Large N, Nordlander P, Wang H 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 370
[3] Zeng P, Yuan Z, Deng B, Yuan Y T, Li Z C, Liu S Y, Zhao Y D, Hong C H, Zheng L, Cui M Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 155209 (in Chinese) [曾鹏, 袁铮, 邓博, 袁永腾, 李志超, 刘慎业, 赵屹东, 洪才浩, 郑雷, 崔明启 2012 61 155209]
[4] Yuan Z, Liu S Y, Cao Z R, Li Y F, Chen T, Li H, Zhang H Y, Chen M 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4967 (in Chinese) [袁铮, 刘慎业, 曹柱荣, 李云峰, 陈韬, 黎航, 张海鹰, 陈铭 2010 59 4967]
[5] Wang Y Y, Gao Y, Wang X M, Cao Z R, Yi Z, Xu X B, Yi Y G, Wu W D 2013 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 25 2627 (in Chinese) [王瑜英, 高扬, 王雪敏, 曹柱荣, 易早, 徐习斌, 易有根, 吴卫东 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 2627]
[6] Cao Z R, Dong J J, Yang Z H, Zhan X Y, Yuan Z, Zhang H Y, Jiang S E, Ding Y K 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 045205 (in Chinese) [曹柱荣, 董建军, 杨正华, 詹夏宇, 袁铮, 张海鹰, 江少恩, 丁永坤 2013 62 045205]
[7] Feng J, Engelhorn K, Cho B I, Lee H J, Greaves M, Weker C P, Falcone R W, Padmore H A, Heimann P A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 134102
[8] Tan X L, Niu G, Li K, Luo J S, Wu W D, Tang Y J 2012 Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 41 169 (in Chinese) [谭秀兰, 牛高, 李恺, 罗江山, 吴卫东, 唐永建 2012 稀有金属材料与工程 41 169]
[9] Tan X L, Niu G, Li K, Luo J S, Wu W D, Tang Y J 2013 Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 42 162 (in Chinese) [谭秀兰, 牛高, 李恺, 罗江山, 吴卫东, 唐永建 2013 稀有金属材料与工程 42 162]
[10] Kane E O 1966 Phys. Rev. 147 335
[11] Henke B L, Knauer J P, Premaratne K 1981 J. Appl. Phys. 52 1509
[12] Dowell D, Schmerge J 2009 Phys. Rev. ST-Accel. Beams 12 074201
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