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运用2009年在黄土高原典型半干旱区定西的观测资料,分析了半干旱区露水变化特征及其大气影响因子.研究结果表明:在黄土高原半干旱区秋季,日最大凝结量可以达到0.33 mm,最小日凝结量0.09 mm,日平均凝结量为0.23 mm,这对半干旱区而言是可观的水分输入;露水凝结持续时间可以长达14 h.露水的出现频率与风速、大气相对湿度、气温、地-气温差等大气影响因子有显著关系.露水的形成机理十分复杂,是湿度因子、热力因子和动力因子综合作用的结果.在露水形成过程中,大气湿度是内因,为露水形成提供所需水汽;温度则是露水形成的关键,为露水形成提供"源动力",而风速则是重要的外部影响因素,既可以促进露水形成,也可以阻碍露水形成,是露水形成过程中不确定因子.从露水发生频率的分布特征来看,在风速0.5—2 m/s、相对湿度>80%及温度-露点差-3—6℃时、地-气温差<±2℃条件下更易形成露水.Based on the data measured in 2009 in the DingXi, a typical semi-arid region in loess plateau, the temporal variation of condensed water and the influence factors are investigated. Meanwhile, the measurements of condensed water, made by weighing approach and eddy-correlation approach separately, are compared in this work. The results show that in the semi-arid regions in Loess Plateau, the daily maximum amount of condensation can reach 0.33 mm, the daily minimum recorded is 0.09 mm, and the average daily amount is 0.23mm. No obvious correlations is found between the amount of condensation and wind velocity, relative humidity, temperature, or land-air temperature difference. In the process of dew formation, the relative humidity which supplies the water vapor for condensing is an internal factor. The temperature which is motive power for condensing process is a key factor. The wind speed has an important effect and is an uncertain factor, which promotes but also can restrain the dew formation. It is also found that the following conditions favor the condensation process: wind speed of 0.5—2 m/s, relative humidity> 80% and land-air temperature difference <± 2℃.
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Keywords:
- semi-arid region in losses plateau /
- dew formation /
- atmospheric affect factor /
- the frequency of occurrence
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[1] Zhang Q,Huang R H, Wang S,Wei G A,Cao X Y, Hou X H, Lv S H,Hu Z Y,Ma Y M, Wei Z G, Nian Y J, Gao H C, Gao H M, Yan Y P 2005 Adv. Earth Sci.20 427(in Chinese) [张 强、黄荣辉、王 胜、卫国安、曹晓彦、侯旭红、吕世华、胡泽勇、马耀明、韦志刚、聂彦将、高洪春、高红梅、阎宇平 2005 地球科学进展 20 427]
[2] Zhang L J, Li L, Shen Y P 2005 Acta Phys. Sin.54 1958(in Chinese)[张立杰、李 磊、沈永平 2005 54 1958]
[3] Lin J Z, Li H J, Zhang K 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 2033
[4] Zhang Q, Li H Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5888(in Chinese)[张 强、李宏宇 2010 59 5888] Zhang Y, Zheng L C, Zhang X X 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5501(in Chinese) [张 艳、郑连存、张欣欣 2009 58 5501] Li L, Hu F, Cheng X L,Jiang J H, Ma X G 2006 Chin. Phys. 15 149
[5] Cui X P 2008 Chin.Phys. B 17 2304
[6] Monteith J L 1957 Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 83 322
[7] Went F W 1955 Yearbook Agriculture US Department of Agriculture 103
[8] Wallin J R 1967 Agr. Meteorol. 4 85 Menenti M, Bastiaanssen W G M, Van-Eick D 1989 Remote. Sens. Environ. 28 327 Minnis P, Mayor S, Smith W L, Young D F 1997 IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 35 879 Kabela E D, Hornbuckle B K, Cosh M H, Anderson M C, Gleason M L 2009 Agr. Forest Meteorol. 149 11 He Y, Zhou X L, Hou J 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L02813
[9] Liu W J, Li H M, Duang W P 1998 J. Nat. Res. 13 40(in Chinese) [刘文杰、李红梅、 段文平 1998 自然资源学报 13 40] Xiu X J,Shang H S, Jin J X 1994 J. Northwest Sci-Tech Univ. Agri. Forest. 22 38(in Chinese)[许秀娟、商鸿生、井金学 1994 西北农业大学学报 22 38] Li X Y 2002 J. Hydrol.260 151 Liu L C, Li S Z, Duan Z H, Wang T,Zhang Z S, Li X R 2006 J. Hydrol. 328 331 Feng J C, Liu L C, Xiao H L, 1998 J. Desert Res. 18 10 (in Chinese) [冯金朝、刘立超、肖洪浪 1998 中国沙漠 18 10] Guo Z R, Han S P 2002 Adv. Water Sci. 13 623(in Chinese) [郭占荣、韩双平 2002 水科学进展 13 623] Zhang Q, Huang R H 2004 J. Appl. Meteorol. 43 1917 Fang J, Ding Y J 2005 J. Glaciol. Geocryol. 27 755(in Chinese) [方 静、丁永建 2005 冰川冻土 27 755]
[10] Zhang J, Zhang Y M,Alison D, Cheng J H,Zhou X B,Zhang B C 2009 J. Hydrol. 379 220
[11] Ye Y H, Zhou K, Song L Y, Jin J H 2007 Atmos. Res. 86 21
[12] Zhuang Y L, Zhao W Z 2008 Adv. Earth Sci. 23 31(in Chinese)[庄艳丽、赵文智 2008 地球科学进展 23 31] Zhang Q, Wang S, Zeng J 2010 Arid Zone Res. 27 392 (in Chinese) [张 强、王 胜、曾 剑 2010 干旱区研究 27 392] Kidron G J 2000 Atmos. Res. 55 257
[13] Zheng X J, Wang Q X, Liu R, Li Y 2009 Prog.Nat.Sci. 19 1175(in Chinese) [郑新军、王勤学、刘 冉、李 彦 2009 自然科学进展 19 1175]
[14] Jackson T J, Moy L 1999 Remote. Sens. Environ. 70 129
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