Investigation of self-bleaching wavelength of Yb-doped fiber lasers

TAO Mengmeng; WANG Yamin; WANG Ke; CHEN Hongwei; SHAO Chongyun; LI Qiaomu; YE Jingfeng

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20251017

Abstract

In radiation environments, the radiation induced attenuation (RIA) of the active optical fiber can lead to a significant decline in the performance of fiber laser system. An effective way to solve this problem is to bleach the active fiber using pumps at certain wavelengths, namely photo-bleaching. Experiments have shown that output power of irradiated Yb-doped fiber laser experiences remarkable recovery under 976-nm pump. However, under 976-nm pump, signals at both 976 nm and 1070 nm co-exist in Yb-doped fiber. Moreover, it is difficult to distinguish which wavelength is responsible for the photo-bleaching process. Herein, a one-hundred-watt level Yb-doped fiber laser is irradiated with gamma-ray radiation. In the radiation process, a significant output decline from 129 W at 0 Gy to 81 W at 100 Gy is observed. Then, self-bleaching test is conducted with 976-nm pump. After 2-h bleaching, the output power is restored to 111 W, corresponding to a recovery ratio of about 37.0%. To verify the specific wavelength responsible for the performance recovery, photo-bleaching characteristics of Yb-doped fiber lasers are investigated under different pump wavelengths including 915, 976, 1070 and 1550 nm. Experiments show that laser signal at 1 μm waveband is the primary cause for the bleaching of Yb-doped fibers, while, the pump at 915, 976 and 1550 nm can hardly bleach the irradiated Yb-doped fiber. The RIA recovery curves of Yb-doped fibers are measured under different 1070-nm bleaching powers. And, related evolution parameters are obtained through curve fitting. With these parameters, the RIA evolution of the Yb-doped fiber and the corresponding output power evolution of the Yb-doped fiber laser in the radiation and bleaching process are simulated. Comparisons show that the numerical results are consistent with the measurements qualitatively, demonstrating the reliability of the model. This work has guiding significance for predicting the performance of fiber laser systems in radiation and bleaching environments.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
2.
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

Corresponding author: TAO Mengmeng, taomengmeng@nint.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62105268) and the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, China (Grant Nos. SKLLIM2305, SKLLIM2207, SKLLIM2208).

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References

[1]	刘福华, 王平, 刘卫平, 谢红刚, 冯刚, 陈绍武, 武俊杰 2015 现代应用物理 6 202 Liu F H, Wang P, Liu W P, Xie H G, Feng G, Chen S W, Wu J J 2015 Mod. Appl. Phys. 6 202
[2]	Girard S, Alessi A, Richard N, et al. 2019 Rev. Phys. 4 100032 Google Scholar
[3]	Girard S, Kuhnhenn J, Gusarov A, Brichard B, Uffelen M V, Ouerdan Y, Boukenter A, Marcandella C 2013 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 60 2015 Google Scholar
[4]	Lezius M, Predehl K, Stöwer W, Turler A, Greiter M, Hoeschen Ch, Thirolf P, Assmann W, Habs D, Prokofiev A, Ekstron C, Hansch T W, Holzwarth R 2012 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 59 425 Google Scholar
[5]	李奋飞, 周晓燕, 张魁宝, 陈进湛, 高聪, 张立华, 石兆华, 夏汉定, 叶鑫, 吴卫东, 李波 2020 强激光与粒子束 32 081003 Google Scholar Li F F, Zhou X Y, Zhang K B, Chen J Z, Gao C, Zhang L H, Shi Z H, Xia H D, Ye X, Wu W D, Li B 2020 High Power Laser Part. Beams 32 081003 Google Scholar
[6]	邵冲云, 于春雷, 胡丽丽 2020 中国激光 47 0500014 Google Scholar Shao C Y, Yu C L, Hu L L 2020 Chin. J. Lasers 47 0500014 Google Scholar
[7]	池俊杰, 姜诗琦, 张琳, 于淼, 王军龙 2018 激光与光电子学进展 55 061406 Google Scholar Chi J J, Jiang S Q, Zhang L, Yu M, Wang J L 2018 Laser Optoelectron. Progress 55 061406 Google Scholar
[8]	张汉伟, 王小林, 唐峰, 刘文广, 刘鹏宇, 许晓军, 肖余之, 陈金宝 2020 激光与光电子学进展 57 011406 Google Scholar Zhang H W, Wang X L, Tang F, Liu W G, Liu P Y, Xu X J, Xiao Y Z, Chen J B 2020 Laser Optoelectron. Prog. 57 011406 Google Scholar
[9]	Chen Y S, Xu H Z, Xing Y B, Liao L, Wang Y B, Zhang F F, He X L, Li H Q, Peng J G, Yang L Y, Dai N L, Li J Y 2018 Opt. Express 26 20430 Google Scholar
[10]	Wang Y, Gao C, Peng K, Ni L, Wang X, Zhan H, Li Y, Jiang L, Lin A, Wang J, Jing F 2018 Proceedings of 2018 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR) Hong Kong, China, July 29–August 3, 2018 pF1B. 2
[11]	曹涧秋, 周尚德, 刘鹏飞, 黄值河, 王泽锋, 司磊, 陈金宝 2024 73 204202 Google Scholar Cao J Q, Zhou S D, Liu P F, Huang Z H, Wang Z F, Si L, Chen J B 2024 Acta. Phys. Sin. 73 204202 Google Scholar
[12]	Xiang G, Chen J, Wang X, Ye Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Hua W 2024 Opt. Lett. 49 6301 Google Scholar
[13]	Girard S, Morana A, Ladaci A, Robin T, Mescia L, Bonnefois J, Boutillier M, Mekki J, Paveau A, Cadier B, Marin E, Ouerdane Y, Boukenter A 2018 J. Opt. 20 093001 Google Scholar
[14]	王博, 曹驰, 邢颍滨, 陈瑰, 戴能利, 李海清, 彭景刚, 李进延 2021 激光与光电子学进展 58 1516012 Google Scholar Wang B, Cao C, Xing Y B, Chen G, Dai N L, Li H Q, Peng J G, Li J Y 2021 Laser Optoelectron. Prog. 58 1516012 Google Scholar
[15]	Shao C, Yu C, Zhu Y, Zhou Q, Boulon G, Guzik M, Chen W, Hu L 2022 J. Lumin. 248 118939 Google Scholar
[16]	Fox B P, Simmons-Potter K, Moore S W, Fisher J H, Meister D C 2009 Proc. SPIE 7434 74340C Google Scholar
[17]	Mady F, Guttilla A, Benabdesselam M, Blanc W 2019 Opt. Mater. Express 9 2466 Google Scholar
[18]	Xing Y, Liu Y, Zhao N, Cao R, Wang Y, Yang Y, Peng J, Li H, Yang L, Dai N, Li J 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 1075 Google Scholar
[19]	Xing Y, Liu Y, Cao R, Liao L, Chu Y, Wang Y, Peng J, Li H, Yang L, Dai N, Li J 2018 OSA Contin. 1 987 Google Scholar
[20]	Manek-Hönninger I, Boullet J, Cardinal T, Guillen F, Ermeneux S, Podgorski M, Doua R, Salin F 2007 Opt. Express 15 1606 Google Scholar
[21]	Chávez A, Kir'Yanov A, Barmenkov Y, Ilichev N N 2007 Laser Phys. Lett. 4 734 Google Scholar
[22]	Gebavi H, Taccheo S, Lablonde L, Cadier B, Robin T, Mechin D, Tregoat D 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 196 Google Scholar
[23]	Piccoli R, Gebavi H, Lablonde L, et al. 2014 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26 50 Google Scholar
[24]	Piccoli R, Robin T, Brand T, Kolotzbach U, Taccheo S 2014 Opt. Express 22 7638 Google Scholar
[25]	Zhao N, Xing Y, Li J, Liao L, Wang Y, Peng J, Yang L, Dai N, Li H, Li J 2015 Opt. Express 23 25272 Google Scholar
[26]	刘超平 2017 硕士学位论文 (武汉: 华中科技大学) Liu Ch P 2017 M. S. Thesis (Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science & Technology
[27]	Friebele E J, Gingerich M E 1981 Appl. Opt. 20 3448 Google Scholar
[28]	Zotov K V, Likhachev M E, Tomashuk A L, et al. 2008 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 20 1476 Google Scholar
[29]	Xing Y B, Huang H Q, Zhao N, Liao L, Li J Y, Dai N L 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 681 Google Scholar
[30]	Xing Y B, Zhao N, Liao L, Wang Y B, Li H Q, Peng J G, Yang L Y, Dai N L, Li J Y 2015 Opt. Express 23 24236 Google Scholar
[31]	Wang X, Sun S, Zheng Y, Yu M, Li S, Cao Y, Wang J 2023 Appl. Sci. 13 6146 Google Scholar
[32]	Xiang G B, Zhang H W, Wang X L, et al. 2025 Photonics Res. 13 2362 Google Scholar
[33]	陈金宝, 相广彪, 王小林, 张汉伟, 张江彬, 华卫红 2024 强激光与粒子束 36 121001 Google Scholar Chen J B, Xiang G B, Wang X L, Zhang H W, Zhang J B, Hua W H 2024 High Power Laser Part. Beams 36 121001 Google Scholar
[34]	Xiang G B, Wu J M, Zhang H W, Zhang J B, Chen H W, Wang Y M, Wang X L, Hua W H 2025 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 72 11 Google Scholar
[35]	Deschamps T, Vezin H, Gonnet C, Ollier N 2013 Opt. Express 21 8382 Google Scholar
[36]	Shao Ch, Ren J, Wang F, Ollier N, Xie F, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yu Ch, Hu L 2018 J. Phys. Chem. B 122 2809 Google Scholar
[37]	Zhang Y, Wang G, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Gao S, Cui X, Zhu Z, Li Z, She S, Hou C, Guo H 2025 J. Lightwave Technol. 43 3899 Google Scholar
[38]	Tao M, Chen H, Feng G, Luan K, Wang F, Huang K, Ye X 2020 Opt. Express 28 10104 Google Scholar
[39]	Wang K, Wang Y, Tao M, Cao H, Chen H, Ye J, Shen Y, Wang D 2024 Opt. Commun. 560 130472 Google Scholar
[40]	Jetschke S, Unger S, Ropke U, Kirchhof J 2007 Opt. Express 15 14838 Google Scholar
[41]	Jetschke S, Ropke U 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 109 Google Scholar
[42]	Xie F, Shao C, Wang M, Lou F, Liu M, Yu Ch, Feng S, Ye X, Hu L 2019 J. Lightwave Tchnol. 37 1091 Google Scholar
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[45]	Tao M, Wang Y, Wang K, Chen H, Ye J, Shen Y, Wang D, Ye X 2025 J. Opt. 54 867 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 掺镱光纤激光器辐照、光漂白实验光路结构图(LD, 半导体激光器; PC, 泵浦合束器; HR FBG, 高反光纤光栅; PR FBG, 部分反射光纤光栅; YDF, 掺镱光纤; CPS, 泵浦剥除器; QBH, 防反射输出接头)

Figure 1. Setup for the irradiation and photo-bleaching experiments of Yb-doped fiber lasers (LD, laser diode; PC, pump combiner; HR FBG, highly-reflective fiber Bragg grating; PR FBG, partially-reflective fiber Bragg grating; YDF, Yb-doped fiber; CPS, cladding pump striper; QBH, quasi-Brewster head).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 辐照、漂白前后激光器输出功率特性　(a) 功率演化; (b) 输出功率随泵浦功率变化

Figure 2. Output characteristics of Yb-doped fiber lasers before and after radiation and photo-bleaching: (a) Output power evolution; (b) output power vs. pump power.

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图 3 1550 nm漂白下激光功率监测结果　(a) 55 mW; (b) 120 mW

Figure 3. Recorded power information under 1550 nm bleaching: (a) 55 mW; (b) 120 mW.

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图 4 1550 nm漂白前后掺镱光纤的后向散射信号

Figure 4. Backward scattering signal of Yb-doped fiber before and after 1550 nm bleaching.

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图 5 915 nm/976 nm漂白特性测试光路结构图(EDFL, 掺铒光纤激光器; OC, 耦合器; PM, 功率计)

Figure 5. Schematic diagram for 915 nm/976 nm bleaching tests (EDFL, Er-doped fiber laser; OC, output coupler; PM, power-meter).

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图 6 915 nm/976 nm激光漂白下功率测量结果　(a) 915 nm; (b) 976 nm

Figure 6. Recorded power information under 915 nm/976 nm bleaching: (a) 915 nm; (b) 976 nm.

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图 7 915 nm/976 nm漂白前后掺镱光纤的后向散射信号

Figure 7. Backward scattering signal of Yb-doped fiber before and after 915 nm/976 nm bleaching.

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图 8 500 mW 1070 nm激光漂白下掺镱光纤输出端功率测量结果

Figure 8. Recorded power information under 1070 nm bleaching power of 500 mW.

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图 9 1070 nm激光漂白前后掺镱光纤后向散射信号测量结果

Figure 9. Backward scattering signal of Yb-doped fiber before and after 1070 nm bleaching.

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图 10 1070 nm激光漂白下掺镱光纤内部辐致损耗演化　(a) 输出端功率; (b) 辐致损耗

Figure 10. Radiation induced attenuation parameters of Yb-doped fiber under 1070 nm bleaching: (a) Recorded signal power; (b) radiation induced attenuation.

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图 11 1070 nm激光漂白下掺镱光纤内部辐致损耗演化参数　(a) 时间常数; (b) 稳态辐致损耗

Figure 11. Radiation induced attenuation parameters of Yb-doped fiber under 1070 nm bleaching: (a) Time constant; (b) radiation induced attenuation at equilibrium state.

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图 12 不同功率1070 nm激光漂白下仿真模拟结果　(a) 掺镱光纤内部辐致损耗演化; (b) 掺镱光纤激光器输出功率演化

Figure 12. Simulation results under 1070 nm bleaching: (a) Radiation induced attenuation inside the YDF; (b) output power evolution of the YDFL.

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表 1 实验所用掺镱光纤信息

Table 1. Parameters of the exploited YDF.

参数	数值	参数	数值
尺寸/μm	20/400	Yb离子浓度 /(10²⁵ m^–3)	4.95
纤芯数值孔径	0.06	Al离子浓度 /(10²⁶ m^–3)	5.82
976 nm处吸收系数/(dB·m^–1)	1.31	P离子浓度 /(10²⁶ m^–3)	6.16

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	刘福华, 王平, 刘卫平, 谢红刚, 冯刚, 陈绍武, 武俊杰 2015 现代应用物理 6 202 Liu F H, Wang P, Liu W P, Xie H G, Feng G, Chen S W, Wu J J 2015 Mod. Appl. Phys. 6 202
[2]	Girard S, Alessi A, Richard N, et al. 2019 Rev. Phys. 4 100032 Google Scholar
[3]	Girard S, Kuhnhenn J, Gusarov A, Brichard B, Uffelen M V, Ouerdan Y, Boukenter A, Marcandella C 2013 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 60 2015 Google Scholar
[4]	Lezius M, Predehl K, Stöwer W, Turler A, Greiter M, Hoeschen Ch, Thirolf P, Assmann W, Habs D, Prokofiev A, Ekstron C, Hansch T W, Holzwarth R 2012 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 59 425 Google Scholar
[5]	李奋飞, 周晓燕, 张魁宝, 陈进湛, 高聪, 张立华, 石兆华, 夏汉定, 叶鑫, 吴卫东, 李波 2020 强激光与粒子束 32 081003 Google Scholar Li F F, Zhou X Y, Zhang K B, Chen J Z, Gao C, Zhang L H, Shi Z H, Xia H D, Ye X, Wu W D, Li B 2020 High Power Laser Part. Beams 32 081003 Google Scholar
[6]	邵冲云, 于春雷, 胡丽丽 2020 中国激光 47 0500014 Google Scholar Shao C Y, Yu C L, Hu L L 2020 Chin. J. Lasers 47 0500014 Google Scholar
[7]	池俊杰, 姜诗琦, 张琳, 于淼, 王军龙 2018 激光与光电子学进展 55 061406 Google Scholar Chi J J, Jiang S Q, Zhang L, Yu M, Wang J L 2018 Laser Optoelectron. Progress 55 061406 Google Scholar
[8]	张汉伟, 王小林, 唐峰, 刘文广, 刘鹏宇, 许晓军, 肖余之, 陈金宝 2020 激光与光电子学进展 57 011406 Google Scholar Zhang H W, Wang X L, Tang F, Liu W G, Liu P Y, Xu X J, Xiao Y Z, Chen J B 2020 Laser Optoelectron. Prog. 57 011406 Google Scholar
[9]	Chen Y S, Xu H Z, Xing Y B, Liao L, Wang Y B, Zhang F F, He X L, Li H Q, Peng J G, Yang L Y, Dai N L, Li J Y 2018 Opt. Express 26 20430 Google Scholar
[10]	Wang Y, Gao C, Peng K, Ni L, Wang X, Zhan H, Li Y, Jiang L, Lin A, Wang J, Jing F 2018 Proceedings of 2018 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR) Hong Kong, China, July 29–August 3, 2018 pF1B. 2
[11]	曹涧秋, 周尚德, 刘鹏飞, 黄值河, 王泽锋, 司磊, 陈金宝 2024 73 204202 Google Scholar Cao J Q, Zhou S D, Liu P F, Huang Z H, Wang Z F, Si L, Chen J B 2024 Acta. Phys. Sin. 73 204202 Google Scholar
[12]	Xiang G, Chen J, Wang X, Ye Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Hua W 2024 Opt. Lett. 49 6301 Google Scholar
[13]	Girard S, Morana A, Ladaci A, Robin T, Mescia L, Bonnefois J, Boutillier M, Mekki J, Paveau A, Cadier B, Marin E, Ouerdane Y, Boukenter A 2018 J. Opt. 20 093001 Google Scholar
[14]	王博, 曹驰, 邢颍滨, 陈瑰, 戴能利, 李海清, 彭景刚, 李进延 2021 激光与光电子学进展 58 1516012 Google Scholar Wang B, Cao C, Xing Y B, Chen G, Dai N L, Li H Q, Peng J G, Li J Y 2021 Laser Optoelectron. Prog. 58 1516012 Google Scholar
[15]	Shao C, Yu C, Zhu Y, Zhou Q, Boulon G, Guzik M, Chen W, Hu L 2022 J. Lumin. 248 118939 Google Scholar
[16]	Fox B P, Simmons-Potter K, Moore S W, Fisher J H, Meister D C 2009 Proc. SPIE 7434 74340C Google Scholar
[17]	Mady F, Guttilla A, Benabdesselam M, Blanc W 2019 Opt. Mater. Express 9 2466 Google Scholar
[18]	Xing Y, Liu Y, Zhao N, Cao R, Wang Y, Yang Y, Peng J, Li H, Yang L, Dai N, Li J 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 1075 Google Scholar
[19]	Xing Y, Liu Y, Cao R, Liao L, Chu Y, Wang Y, Peng J, Li H, Yang L, Dai N, Li J 2018 OSA Contin. 1 987 Google Scholar
[20]	Manek-Hönninger I, Boullet J, Cardinal T, Guillen F, Ermeneux S, Podgorski M, Doua R, Salin F 2007 Opt. Express 15 1606 Google Scholar
[21]	Chávez A, Kir'Yanov A, Barmenkov Y, Ilichev N N 2007 Laser Phys. Lett. 4 734 Google Scholar
[22]	Gebavi H, Taccheo S, Lablonde L, Cadier B, Robin T, Mechin D, Tregoat D 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 196 Google Scholar
[23]	Piccoli R, Gebavi H, Lablonde L, et al. 2014 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26 50 Google Scholar
[24]	Piccoli R, Robin T, Brand T, Kolotzbach U, Taccheo S 2014 Opt. Express 22 7638 Google Scholar
[25]	Zhao N, Xing Y, Li J, Liao L, Wang Y, Peng J, Yang L, Dai N, Li H, Li J 2015 Opt. Express 23 25272 Google Scholar
[26]	刘超平 2017 硕士学位论文 (武汉: 华中科技大学) Liu Ch P 2017 M. S. Thesis (Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science & Technology
[27]	Friebele E J, Gingerich M E 1981 Appl. Opt. 20 3448 Google Scholar
[28]	Zotov K V, Likhachev M E, Tomashuk A L, et al. 2008 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 20 1476 Google Scholar
[29]	Xing Y B, Huang H Q, Zhao N, Liao L, Li J Y, Dai N L 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 681 Google Scholar
[30]	Xing Y B, Zhao N, Liao L, Wang Y B, Li H Q, Peng J G, Yang L Y, Dai N L, Li J Y 2015 Opt. Express 23 24236 Google Scholar
[31]	Wang X, Sun S, Zheng Y, Yu M, Li S, Cao Y, Wang J 2023 Appl. Sci. 13 6146 Google Scholar
[32]	Xiang G B, Zhang H W, Wang X L, et al. 2025 Photonics Res. 13 2362 Google Scholar
[33]	陈金宝, 相广彪, 王小林, 张汉伟, 张江彬, 华卫红 2024 强激光与粒子束 36 121001 Google Scholar Chen J B, Xiang G B, Wang X L, Zhang H W, Zhang J B, Hua W H 2024 High Power Laser Part. Beams 36 121001 Google Scholar
[34]	Xiang G B, Wu J M, Zhang H W, Zhang J B, Chen H W, Wang Y M, Wang X L, Hua W H 2025 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 72 11 Google Scholar
[35]	Deschamps T, Vezin H, Gonnet C, Ollier N 2013 Opt. Express 21 8382 Google Scholar
[36]	Shao Ch, Ren J, Wang F, Ollier N, Xie F, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yu Ch, Hu L 2018 J. Phys. Chem. B 122 2809 Google Scholar
[37]	Zhang Y, Wang G, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Gao S, Cui X, Zhu Z, Li Z, She S, Hou C, Guo H 2025 J. Lightwave Technol. 43 3899 Google Scholar
[38]	Tao M, Chen H, Feng G, Luan K, Wang F, Huang K, Ye X 2020 Opt. Express 28 10104 Google Scholar
[39]	Wang K, Wang Y, Tao M, Cao H, Chen H, Ye J, Shen Y, Wang D 2024 Opt. Commun. 560 130472 Google Scholar
[40]	Jetschke S, Unger S, Ropke U, Kirchhof J 2007 Opt. Express 15 14838 Google Scholar
[41]	Jetschke S, Ropke U 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 109 Google Scholar
[42]	Xie F, Shao C, Wang M, Lou F, Liu M, Yu Ch, Feng S, Ye X, Hu L 2019 J. Lightwave Tchnol. 37 1091 Google Scholar
[43]	Arai T, Ichii K, Tanigawa S, Fujimaki M 2009 Proceedings of 2009 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Technical Digest Series San Diego, March 22–26, 2009 p2873
[44]	Tao M, Chen H, Feng G, Wang L, Ye J, Wang Y, Ye X, Chen W 2022 Laser Phys. 32 055101 Google Scholar
[45]	Tao M, Wang Y, Wang K, Chen H, Ye J, Shen Y, Wang D, Ye X 2025 J. Opt. 54 867 Google Scholar

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Vol. 74, Issue 21 - 2025-11-05

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