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分子磁隧道结作为一种新型磁隧道结, 在提升器件的隧道磁阻和优化双自旋过滤效应方面具有独特优势. 通过裁剪6,6,12-石墨炔获得纳米点, 并与锯齿型石墨烯纳米带组合设计了两类纯碳基分子磁隧道结. 利用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数相结合的方法计算了基于6,6,12-石墨炔分子磁隧道结器件的自旋相关输运性质. 结果表明, 两类器件都获得了巨大的隧道磁阻值, 其最高数值可达到109%量级. 此外, 两类器件都获得了完美的双自旋过滤效应. 对于中心纳米点为六元终端的这类分子磁隧道结, 其自旋过滤效应除了可以通过偏压实现调控, 还可以通过外磁场改变电极的磁化方向有效调控, 从而具备双场调控的特性, 这在实际应用中具有更广泛的适用性. 值得注意的是, 中心纳米点是六元环终端的分子磁隧道结中电子态密度非常小, 使其工作电流低至10 pA量级, 这在降低器件功耗方面具有重要优势. 这些有趣的现象表明, 基于6,6,12-GY的纯碳基分子磁隧道结在未来自旋电子器件中具有潜在的应用价值.
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关键词:
- 6,6,12-石墨炔纳米点 /
- 锯齿型石墨烯纳米带 /
- 隧穿磁阻效应 /
- 自旋过滤效应
Spintronics holds profound significance for the development of future electronic devices, among which magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) represent a crucial spintronic device. In order to achieve excellent performance, such as higher tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) and spin filtering effects, the molecular MTJs (MMTJs) have been investigated. Here, we adopt 6,6,12-graphyne (6,6,12-GY) nanodots as the barrier material in the central scattering region, while zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) are adopted as electrode materials. Two kinds of devices, denoted as M1n and M2n, are constructed, which differ in the termination of the nanodots in the central scattering region. Due to the fact that the magnetization directions of the two ZGNRs electrodes can be set to be parallel (P) or antiparallel (AP), both M1n and M2n devices exhibit two different magnetic configurations. In this work, the structures are optimized using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), as implemented in the Vienna ab-initio simulation package (VASP). By combining DFT with the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method, the spin transport properties of MMTJs are studied. The calculated results show that both devices achieve high TMR effects, with their values reaching up to 108% in M1n and 109% in M2n. The total current calculations indicate that a distinct difference emerges between the P and AP configurations after applying a bias voltage, which leads to a superior TMR. These findings offer valuable insights into the future development of highly sensitive spintronic devices. From the perspective of spin current, it can be observed that for both M1n and M2n devices with AP configuration, opposite-direction spin currents can be obtained by applying positive or negative bias voltage. Namely, in the AP configuration, both devices achieve the ±100% spin polarization (SP), indicating a dual spin filtering effect. In the P configuration, the spin-up and spin-down currents in M1n exhibit similar trends with the bias increasing, while M2n can produce a pure spin-down current with the number of nanodots increasing. The 100% spin filtering efficiency achieved in these carbon-based devices is of great significance for increasing the storage density and operation speed of future spintronic devices. Notably, apart from the bias voltage, the spin current of M2n can also be controlled by switching the magnetization direction of the electrodes. In addition, the current in M2n is much smaller than that in M1n, which implies low power consumption in device applications. Our investigation on the spin-dependent transport properties of 6,6,12-GY-based MMTJs paves the way for promising spintronic applications of carbon-based materials. -
Keywords:
- 6,6,12-graphyne /
- zigzag graphene nanoribbons /
- tunneling magnetoresistance effect /
- spin filtering effect
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图 1 器件各组分和器件整体的结构图 (a) 6,6,12-GY的结构图, 紫色和绿色碳原子表示裁剪的两种不同纳米点类型; (b) ZGNRs的自旋差分电荷和能带结构图, 红色和蓝色表示净自旋向上或自旋向下; (c) 设计的两种类型的MMTJs
Fig. 1. Structure of MMTJs and its isolated components: (a) The structure of 6,6,12-GY, and purple and green atoms show two kinds of nanodots; (b) the spin difference densities and band structures of ZGNRs, where the red (blue) regions and the corresponding lines represent the spin-up (down) components; (c) the schematic diagrams of two kinds of MMTJs.
图 2 P和AP构型下的自旋差分密度 (a) M11器件的结果; (b) M21器件的结果. 红色和蓝色表示净的自旋向上和自旋向下分量. 等值面设置为±0.008 e/Å3
Fig. 2. Spin difference densities △ρ of the P and AP spin configurations: (a) The results of the M11 device; (b) the results of the M21 device. The red and blue colors represent the spin-up and spin-down components. The isosurface values are taken as ±0.008 e/Å3
图 3 P和AP构型下的总电流 (a)—(c) 器件M1n的总电流; (d)—(f) 器件M2n的总电流
Fig. 3. Total currents of the P and AP spin configurations: (a)–(c) The results of M1n devices; (d)–(f) the results of M2n devices.
图 4 器件在整个偏压下的TMR曲线图 (a)—(c) 器件M1n的结果; (d)—(f) 器件M2n的结果
Fig. 4. TMR curve of devices in whole bias voltage: (a)–(c) The results of M1n devices; (d)–(f) the results of M2n devices.
图 5 器件M1n的自旋电流 (a)—(c) P构型下的结果; (d)—(f) AP构型下的结果
Fig. 5. Spin currents of M1n devices: (a)–(c) The results of P spin configurations; (d)–(f) the results of AP spin configurations.
图 6 器件在不同偏压下的自旋极化率 (a)—(c) 器件M1n的结果; (d)—(f) 器件M2n的结果
Fig. 6. Spin polarization ratios of devices at different bias voltage: (a)–(c) The results of M1n devices; (d)–(f) the results of M2n devices.
图 7 器件M2n的自旋电流 (a)—(c) P构型下的结果; (d)—(f) AP构型下的结果
Fig. 7. Spin currents of M2n devices: (a)–(c) The results of P spin configurations; (d)–(f) the results of AP spin configurations.
图 8 器件M1n在P和AP构型下的自旋相关透射谱, 虚线表示偏压窗 (a) M11, (c) M12和 (e) M13在P构型下的透射谱; (b) M11, (d) M12和 (f) M13在AP构型下的透射谱
Fig. 8. Spin-resolved transmission spectra of M1n devices in P and AP spin configurations, the black dash lines indicate the bias window. The P configurations of (a) M11, (c) M12 and (e) M13; AP configurations of (b) M11, (d) M12 and (f) M13.
图 9 器件M2n在P和AP构型下的自旋相关透射谱, 虚线表示偏压窗 (a) M11, (c) M12和 (e) M13在P构型下的透射谱; (b) M11, (d) M12和 (f) M13在AP构型下的透射谱
Fig. 9. The spin-resolved transmission spectra of M2n devices in P and AP spin configurations, the black dash lines indicate the bias window. The P configurations of (a) M21, (c) M22 and (e) M23; AP configurations of (b) M21, (d) M22 and (f) M23.
图 10 器件M11在P和AP构型下的PDOS图 (a), (c) 0.2 V的结果; (b), (d) 0.5 V的结果
Fig. 10. PDOS of the M11 device in P and AP spin configurations: (a), (c) The results at ${V_{\text{b}}}$ = 0.2 V; (b), (d) the results at ${V_{\text{b}}}$ = 0.5 V.
图 11 器件M21在P和AP构型下的PDOS图 (a), (c) 0.2 V的结果; (b), (d) 0.5 V的结果
Fig. 11. PDOS of M21 device in P and AP spin configurations: (a), (c) The results at ${V_{\text{b}}}$ = 0.2 V; (b), (d) the results at ${V_{\text{b}}}$ = 0.5 V.
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