Multicolor and multimode luminescence regulation and anti-counterfeiting application of lanthanide ions doped Li0.9K0.1NbO3 phosphors

Jia Chao-Yang; Gao Dang-Li; Yu Jia; Hu Yuan-Yuan; Chai Rui-Peng; Pang Qing; Zhang Xiang-Yu

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230517

Abstract

Multicolor and multimode luminescence materials have important applications in the field of information security encryption. However, the design and synthesis of multicolor multimode luminescent materials is still a challenge, and only several materials have been reported. In this paper, a series of single doped and double doped Li_1–xK_xNbO₃:Pr³⁺/Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ phosphors are prepared by high temperature solid state method. The structure, morphology, optical properties and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra are characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), luminescence spectrometer and self-made heating device. Firstly, the effects of different values of K⁺ content on the luminescence and trap distribution of LiNbO₃ materials are studied. The results show that the ionic lattice is distorted when a small quantity of K⁺ ions replace Li⁺. With the addition of K⁺, the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra monitored emission of 620 nm shows that the ratios of the absorption peaks from matrix (200–310 nm) to absorption peaks from the intrinsic transition of Pr³⁺ ions 4f→5d (310–430 nm) change significantly, showing a double-peak characteristic. When the concentration of K⁺ ions is 0.5, the absorption peak from the matrix disappears, which may be due to the phase transition of the matrix lattice caused by excessive K⁺ ions or the introduction of a large number of defect energy levels into the matrix lattice. Moreover, K⁺ ion doping can regulate the density and distribution of traps. TL curves show that a small quantity of K⁺ doping increases the trap density of shallow traps. When a large quantity of K⁺ is doped, the phase changes of matrix lattice and the defect density decrease. Secondly, the doping of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃ matrix by different luminescent centers (Pr³⁺/Er³⁺/Tm³⁺) is studied. The results show that the multicolor luminescence emission in red, blue and green bands and the tunable multimode luminescence (up/down conversion luminescence, afterglow luminescence and photo-stimulated luminescence) are realized by the selective excitation. According to the multicolor and multimode characteristics of the phosphors, a butterfly-shaped anti-counterfeiting pattern is designed. Owing to the different energy level positions of the luminescence centers, dynamic multicolor photoluminescence is realized by selective excitation at different wavelengths. Based on the upconversion luminescence characteristics of Er³⁺ and the excellent afterglow characteristics of Pr³⁺ in Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃ material, the designed anti-counterfeiting pattern shows the dynamic color change and multicolor, multimode high-order anti-counterfeiting application.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
2.
College of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China

Corresponding author: Gao Dang-Li, gaodangli@163.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11604253, 51672208) and the Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2022TD-34).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a) 一系列Ln³⁺掺杂的Li_1–xK_xNbO₃样品的XRD图谱; (b) LiNbO₃晶体的结构图; (c), (d) LiNbO₃:1% Pr³⁺和Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:1% Pr³⁺的XRD精修图谱

Figure 1. (a) XRD patterns of a series of Li_1–xK_xNbO₃ samples; (b) crystal structure of LiNbO₃; (c), (d) refined XRD spectra of LiNbO₃:1% Pr³⁺ and Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:1% Pr³⁺.

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图 2 Ln³⁺掺杂系列Li_1–xK_xNbO₃样品的SEM图片和Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺的EDX能谱图以及元素谱图　(a) LiNbO₃:Pr³⁺; (b) Li_0.95K_0.05NbO₃:Pr³⁺; (c) Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺; (d) Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Er³⁺; (e) Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:1% Pr³⁺荧光粉的EDX能谱图(纵轴表示能谱计数频率); (f) Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:1% Pr³⁺荧光粉的EDX元素谱

Figure 2. SEM images of a series of lanthanide ions doped Li_1–xK_xNbO₃ phosphors and EDX spectra and element mappings of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺: (a) LiNbO₃:Pr³⁺; (b) Li_0.95K_0.05NbO₃:Pr³⁺; (c) Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺; (d) Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Er³⁺; (e) EDX spectrum of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:1% Pr³⁺ phosphors (The vertical axis shows the counting frequency of energy spectrum); (f) EDX elemental mappings of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:1%Pr³⁺ phosphors.

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图 3 Li_1–xK_xNbO₃:1% Pr³⁺ (x = 0—0.5)的荧光性能　(a) 激发和发射谱; (b) 紫外预辐照样品的余辉衰减曲线, 内插图为余辉发射谱; (c) Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:0.5% Pr³⁺样品在280 nm辐照6 min后, 重复间断地在980/808 nm激发下的光激励荧光和光激励余辉荧光衰减曲线; (d) TL谱

Figure 3. Luminescence properties of Li_1–xK_xNbO₃:1% Pr³⁺ (x = 0–0.5) samples: (a) Excitation and emission spectra; (b) afterglow decay curves of UV preirradiated samples, the inset is their afterglow emission spectra; (c) repeated PSL and PSPL decay curve of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:0.5% Pr³⁺ sample under 980/808 nm excitation, after irradiation at 280 nm for 6 min; (d) TL spectra.

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图 4 Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:y% Pr³⁺ (y = 0.1—1.5)样品的激发、发射谱和余辉衰减曲线　(a) 激发和发射谱; (b) 280 nm紫外灯辐照后的余辉衰减曲线, 内插图为余辉发射谱

Figure 4. Excitation, emission spectra and the afterglow decay curve of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:y% Pr³⁺ (y = 0.1–1.5) samples: (a) Excitation and emission spectra; (b) afterglow decay curve after 280 nm UV light irradiation and the inset is the afterglow emission spectra.

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图 5 Ln³⁺掺杂的Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃激发和发射谱　(a) Pr³⁺; (b) Er³⁺; (c) Tm³⁺; (d) Pr³⁺, Er³⁺; (e) Pr³⁺, Tm³⁺; (f) Er³⁺, Tm³⁺

Figure 5. Excitation and emission spectra of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Ln³⁺, therein, Ln³⁺: (a) Pr³⁺; (b) Er³⁺; (c) Tm³⁺; (d) Pr³⁺, Er³⁺; (e) Pr³⁺, Tm³⁺; (f) Er³⁺, Tm³⁺.

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图 6 Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Er³⁺和Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Er³⁺, Tm³⁺样品在980/808 nm激发下的发射谱

Figure 6. Emission spectra of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Er³⁺ and Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Er³⁺, Tm³⁺ samples under 980/808 nm excitation.

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图 7 Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Er³⁺ (或Tm³⁺)样品的余辉衰减曲线、余辉发射谱、TL谱及余辉机理图　(a) 在280 nm辐照6 min后监控620 nm的余辉衰减曲线, 内插图为余辉发射谱; (b) TL图谱; (c) 多色荧光调控以及红色长余辉的机理图

Figure 7. Afterglow decay curves, afterglow emission spectra, TL spectra and luminescence mechanism diagram of Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Er³⁺ (or Tm³⁺) sample: (a) Afterglow decay curve of 620 nm measured after the sample is irradiated at 280 nm for 6 min, the inset is afterglow emission spectra; (b) TL spectra; (c) mechanism diagram of multicolor luminescence regulation and red long afterglow luminescence.

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图 8 利用Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Er³⁺, Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Tm³⁺和Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Er³⁺, Tm³⁺三色荧光粉丝网印刷的蝴蝶多色多模防伪图案

Figure 8. Multicolor and multimode anti-counterfeiting pattern printed with Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Er³⁺, Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃:Pr³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃: Er³⁺, Tm³⁺ three-primary-color phosphors.

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map

[1]	Liu X M, Chen C, Li S L, Dai Y H, Guo H Q, Tang X H, Xie Y, Yan L S 2016 Inorg. Chem. 55 10383 Google Scholar
[2]	Tu D, Xu C N, Yoshida A, Fujihala M, Hirotsu J, Zheng X G 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1606914 Google Scholar
[3]	Park J, Kim Y J 2017 J. Korean. Ceram. Soc. 54 70 Google Scholar
[4]	Xue J, Guo Y, Moon B K, Park S H, Jeong J H, Kim J H, Wang L L 2017 Opt. Mater. 66 220 Google Scholar
[5]	Baran M, Belikov K N, Kissabekova A, Krasnikov A, Lushchik A, Mihokova E, Tsiumra V, Vasylechko L, Zazubovich S, Zhydachevskyy Y 2021 J. Alloy Compd. 859 157800 Google Scholar
[6]	Weis R S, Gaylord T K 1985 Appl. Phys. A 37 191 Google Scholar
[7]	Gao D L, Zhang X Y, Zheng H R, Shi P, Li L, Ling Y W 2013 Dalton Trans. 42 1834 Google Scholar
[8]	Wang Y J, Feng P, Ding S S, Tian S L, Wang Y H 2021 Inorg. Chem. Front. 8 3748 Google Scholar
[9]	Li M T, Wang X J, Zhu Q, Li J G, Kim B N 2021 J. Mater. Res. Technol. 12 117 Google Scholar
[10]	Chen Y, Zou J, Shi M M, Yang B B 2020 RSC Adv. 10 13076 Google Scholar
[11]	Yantake R, Kaiheriman M, Yusufu T, Sidike A 2021 Sci. Rep. 11 5123 Google Scholar
[12]	Sun H C, Zhu Q, Li J G 2022 Ceram. Int. 48 9640 Google Scholar
[13]	Gao D L, Ma K W, Wang P, Zhang X Y, Pang Q, Xin H, Zhang Z H, Jiao H 2022 Dalton Trans. 51 553 Google Scholar
[14]	Maurya A, Bahadur A, Dwivedi A, Choudhary A K, Yadav T P, Vishwakarma P K, Rai S B 2018 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 119 228 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhang X Y, Wang M Q, Ding J J, Gao D L, Shi Y H, Song X H 2012 CrystEngComm 14 8357 Google Scholar
[16]	Du P, Sun X, Zhu Q, Li J G 2020 Scripta Mater. 185 140 Google Scholar
[17]	Sang J K, Zhou J Y, Zhang J C, Zhou H, Li H H, Ci Z P, Peng S L, Wang Z F 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 20150 Google Scholar
[18]	Luo F, Xing J H, Qin Y Y, Gao Z X, Shang F, Chen G H 2022 Ceram. Int. 48 34483 Google Scholar
[19]	do Carmo F F, do Nascimento J P, Facanha M X, Sales T O, Santos, W Q, Gouveia-Neto A S, Jacinto C, Sombra A S 2018 J. Lumin. 204 676 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhang J C, Pan C, Zhu Y F, Zhao L Z, He H W, Liu X F, Qiu J R 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1804644 Google Scholar
[21]	Sun L L, Wang B, Xing G C, Liang C, Ma W, Yang S C 2023 Chem. Eng. J. 455 140752 Google Scholar
[22]	Li Y, Gecevicius M, Qiu J R 2016 Chem. Soc. Rev. 45 2090 Google Scholar
[23]	Liang L L, Chen J Y, Shao K, Qin X, Pan Z F, Liu X G 2023 Nat. Mater. 22 289 Google Scholar
[24]	李辰琳, 赵习宇, 郭彤, 刘峰, 王笑军, 廖川, 张家骅 2022 71 077801 Google Scholar Li C L, Zhao X Y, Guo T, Liu F, Wang X J, Liao C, Zhang J H 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 077801 Google Scholar
[25]	Xiong P X, Peng M Y, Qin K X, Xu F F, Xu X Y 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1901107 Google Scholar
[26]	Feng L, Wang Z B, Cao C, Zhang T, Zhang J C, Ci Z P, Zhao Z Y, Wang Y H 2017 J. Rare Earth 35 47 Google Scholar
[27]	Chen Y F, Spinelli S, Gu Z J, Pan Z W 2022 Chem. Eng. J. 446 137473 Google Scholar
[28]	Zhang P F, Li N, Wei Z T, Wang Z Q, Gou M W, Zhao L, Chen W B, Qiang Q P 2021 New J. Chem. 45 66 Google Scholar
[29]	Li L Y, Castaing V, Rytz D, Sontakke A D, Katayama Y, Tanabe S, Peng M Y, Viana B 2019 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 102 2629 Google Scholar
[30]	Jia Q N, Zhang Q W, Sun H Q, Li Y, Hao X H 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 873 159852 Google Scholar
[31]	梁爱华, 王旭升, 李国荣, 郑嘹赢, 江向平, 胡锐 2022 71 167801 Google Scholar Liang A H, Wang X S, Li G R, Zheng L Y, Jiang X P, Hu R 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 167801 Google Scholar
[32]	Gao D L, Gao J, Gao F, Kuang Q Q, Pan Y, Chen Y F, Pan Z W 2021 J. Mater. Chem. C 9 16634 Google Scholar
[33]	Guo H J, Wang Y H, Chen W B, Zeng W, Han S C, Li G, Li Y Y 2015 J. Mater. Chem. C 3 11212 Google Scholar
[34]	Wang C L, Jin Y H, Lü Y, Ju G F, Liu D, Chen L, Li Z Z, Hu Y H 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 6058 Google Scholar
[35]	Fan X T, Xu X H, Yu X, Chen W B, Zhou D C, Qiu J B 2018 Mater. Res. Bull. 99 398 Google Scholar
[36]	Wang Z B, Pei P X, Bai D J, Zhao S S, Ma X Y, Liu W S 2020 Inorg. Chem. Front. 7 2506 Google Scholar
[37]	Pei P X, Wei R P, Wang B B, Su J X, Zhang Z C, Liu W S 2021 Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 2102479 Google Scholar

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Vol. 72, Issue 22 - 2023-11-20

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Multicolor and multimode luminescence regulation and anti-counterfeiting application of lanthanide ions doped Li_0.9K_0.1NbO₃ phosphors