Flow unit model in metallic glasses

Wang Zheng; Wang Wei-Hua

doi:10.7498/aps.66.176103

Abstract

Metallic glass is a promising metallic material with many unique properties, and also considered as a model system to study the mysteries of amorphous materials. Recently, many experimental and simulation results supported the existence of “flow unit” in metallic glass. In this paper, we review the background, the theoretical and experimental evidences of flow unit model. Flow units are considered as those loosely packed regions embedded inside the elastic matrix and behave like viscous liquid. Compared with the matrix, flow unit regions have low modulus and strength, low viscosity, high atomic mobility and stand in the saddle points on energy landscape. Therefore, flow units can be treated as dynamical defects in metallic glass. The feature, activation and evolution process of flow unit region in metallic glass as well as their correlation with property in metallic glass are also reviewed. Through dynamical mechaincal methods like dynamical mechanical spectra and stress relaxation, flow unit region and its properties can be distinguished and studied. A three-parameter physical model is proposed to describe the mechnical behaivors of flow units. The activations and evolutions of flow unit under different temperature and strain conditions are studied. A three-stage evolution process is found and the relation with mechanical performance and relaxation behavior is established. The characteristics of flow units are also related to various properties of metallic glass, like plasticity, strength, fracture and boson peaks. By using the thermal, mechanical and high pressure aging procedues, the properties of metallic glass can be manipulated as desired through adjusting the density of flow units. We show that the flow unit model not only helps to understand the mechanism behind many long-standing issues like deformation, glass transition dynamic relaxations, and the connection between strucutre and properties and performance of metallic glasses, but also is crucial for tuning and designing the properties of metallic glasses.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Corresponding author: Wang Zheng, wangzhenglofty@gmail.com;whw@iphy.ac.cn ; Wang Wei-Hua, wangzhenglofty@gmail.com;whw@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB856800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51271195, 5141101072), and the Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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[58]	Gao M, Ding D, Zhao D, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2014 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 617 89
[59]	Gao M, Cao X, Ding D, Wang B, Wang W H 2017 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 686 65
[60]	Huang B, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 153505
[61]	Wang D, Zhu Z, Xue R, Ding D, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 173505
[62]	Xue R J, Wang D, Zhu Z, Ding D, Zhang B, Wang W H 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 123514
[63]	Yu H B, Tylinski M, Guiseppi-Elie A, Ediger M, Richert R 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 185501
[64]	Lu Z, Jiao W, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 045501
[65]	Yu H B, Shen X, Wang Z, Gu L, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 015504
[66]	Ketov S, Sun Y, Nachum S, Lu Z, Checchi A, Beraldin A, Bai H Y, Wang W H, Louzguine-Luzgin D, Carpenter M, Greer A L 2015 Nature 524 200
[67]	Xue R J, Zhao L Z, Shi C, Ma T, Xi X, Gao M, Zhu P W, Wen P, Yu X H, Jin C Q, Pan M X, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 221904
[68]	Wang C, Yang Z Z, Ma T, Sun Y T, Yin Y Y, Gong Y, Gu L, Wen P, Zhu P, Long Y W, Yu X H, Jin C Q, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 111901

Cited By

[1]	Macfarlane A, Martin G 2011 The Glass Bathyscaphe: How Glass Changed the World (Profile Books)
[2]	Wang W H 2013 Prog. Phys. 33 177 (in Chinese) [汪卫华 2013 物理学进展 33 177]
[3]	Turnbull D 1952 J. Chem. Phys. 20 411
[4]	Klement W, Willens R, Duwez P 1960 Nature 187 869
[5]	Wang W H 2012 Prog. Mater. Sci. 57 487
[6]	Greer A, Ma E 2007 MRS Bull. 32 611
[7]	Liu Y H, Wang D, Nakajima K, Zhang W, Hirata A, Nishi T, Inoue A, Chen M 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 125504
[8]	Wagner H, Bedorf D, Kchemann S, Schwabe M, Zhang B, Arnold W, Samwer K 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 439
[9]	Hirth J P 1968 Theory of Dislocations (New York., Mcgraw Hill Book Company)
[10]	Cohen M H, Turnbull D 1959 J. Chem. Phys. 31 1164
[11]	Spaepen F 1977 Acta Metall. 25 407
[12]	Schuh C A, Hufnagel T C, Ramamurty U 2007 Acta Mater. 55 4067
[13]	Argon A 1979 Acta Metall. 27 47
[14]	Falk M, Langer J 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 7192
[15]	Johnson W, Samwer K 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 195501
[16]	Schall P, Weitz D A, Spaepen F 2007 Science 318 1895
[17]	Ichitsubo T, Matsubara E, Yamamoto T, Chen H, Nishiyama N, Saida J, Anazawa K 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 245501
[18]	Keys A S, Abate A R, Glotzer S C, Durian D J 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 260
[19]	Richert R 2010 Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 189 223
[20]	Debenedetti P G, Stillinger F H 2001 Nature 410 259
[21]	Johari G P, Goldstein M 1970 J. Chem. Phys. 53 2372
[22]	Ngai K, Lunkenheimer P, Leon C, Schneider U, Brand R, Loidl A 2001 J. Chem. Phys. 115 1405
[23]	Kê T S 1949 J. Appl. Phys. 20 274
[24]	Hu L N, Yue Y 2008 J. Phys. Chem. B 112 9053
[25]	Yu H B, Wang W H, Samwer K 2013 Mater. Today 16 183
[26]	Yu H B, Wang W H, Bai H Y, Samwer K 2014 Natl. Sci. Rev. 1 429
[27]	Wang Z, Yu H B, Wen P, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2011 J. Phys. : Condens. Matter 23 142202
[28]	Zhu Z G, Li Y, Wang Z, Gao X Q, Wen P, Bai H Y, Ngai K, Wang W H 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 084506
[29]	Luo P, Lu Z, Zhu Z G, Li Y Z, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 031907
[30]	Xue R J, Zhao L, Zhang B, Bai H Y, Wang W H, Pan M X 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 241902
[31]	Wang Z 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [王峥 2013 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学)]
[32]	Wang W H 2014 Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 4 6 (in Chinese) [汪卫华 2014 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 4 6]
[33]	Liu S T, Jiao W, Sun B A, Wang W H 2013 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 3 76
[34]	Wang Z, Sun B A, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5823
[35]	Wang Z, Wen P, Huo L S, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 121906
[36]	Huo L S, Zeng J, Wang W H, Liu C T, Yang Y 2013 Acta Mater. 61 4329
[37]	Huo L S 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [霍利山 2013 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大学)]
[38]	Makarov A, Khonik V, Mitrofanov Y P, Granato A, Joncich D, Khonik S 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 091908
[39]	Li Y Z, Zhao L Z, Wang C, Lu Z, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2015 J. Chem. Phys. 143 041104
[40]	Lacks D J, Osborne M J 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 255501
[41]	Guan P, Chen M, Egami T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 205701
[42]	Lu Z, Yang X, Sun B A, Li Y, Chen K, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2017 Scr. Mater. 130 229
[43]	Liu S T, Wang Z, Peng H, Yu H, Wang W H 2012 Scr. Mater. 67 9
[44]	Sun Y T, Cao C, Huang K, Shi J, Zhao L, Li M, Bai H, Gu L, Zheng D, Wang W H 2016 Intermetallics 74 31
[45]	Krausser J, Samwer K H, Zaccone A 2015 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112 13762
[46]	Wang Z, Ngai K, Wang W H 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 118 034901
[47]	Jiang H Y, Luo P, Wen P, Bai H Y, Wang W H, Pan M 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 120 145106
[48]	Yue Y, Angell C A 2004 Nature 427 717
[49]	Jiao W, Wen P, Peng H, Bai H Y, Sun B A, Wang W 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 101903
[50]	Cao X F, Gao M, Zhao L, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 084906
[51]	Zhao L Z, Xue R, Li Y, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 118 244901
[52]	Ge T P, Gao X, Huang B, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2015 Intermetallics 67 47
[53]	Ge T P, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 204905
[54]	Zhao L Z, Xue R, Zhu Z, Lu Z, Axinte E, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 116 103516
[55]	Lewandowski J, Wang W H, Greer A 2005 Philos. Mag. Lett. 85 77
[56]	Wang D, Zhao D, Ding D, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 123507
[57]	Xi X K, Zhao D, Pan M X, Wang W H, Wu Y, Lewandowski J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 125510
[58]	Gao M, Ding D, Zhao D, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2014 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 617 89
[59]	Gao M, Cao X, Ding D, Wang B, Wang W H 2017 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 686 65
[60]	Huang B, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 153505
[61]	Wang D, Zhu Z, Xue R, Ding D, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 173505
[62]	Xue R J, Wang D, Zhu Z, Ding D, Zhang B, Wang W H 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 123514
[63]	Yu H B, Tylinski M, Guiseppi-Elie A, Ediger M, Richert R 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 185501
[64]	Lu Z, Jiao W, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 045501
[65]	Yu H B, Shen X, Wang Z, Gu L, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 015504
[66]	Ketov S, Sun Y, Nachum S, Lu Z, Checchi A, Beraldin A, Bai H Y, Wang W H, Louzguine-Luzgin D, Carpenter M, Greer A L 2015 Nature 524 200
[67]	Xue R J, Zhao L Z, Shi C, Ma T, Xi X, Gao M, Zhu P W, Wen P, Yu X H, Jin C Q, Pan M X, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 221904
[68]	Wang C, Yang Z Z, Ma T, Sun Y T, Yin Y Y, Gong Y, Gu L, Wen P, Zhu P, Long Y W, Yu X H, Jin C Q, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 111901

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Vol. 66, Issue 17 - 2017-09-05

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