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The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal modulation type plays a crucial role in determining the performances of positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services. Currently, the binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation signal and binary coded symbol (BCS) modulation signal are both bipolar signals, which greatly restrict the room of improving the GNSS signal performance. Therefore, multi-level coded symbol (MCS) modulation has received great attention in the field of GNSS signal design. The MCS modulation is the most extensive step-coded symbol modulation mode, where BOC modulation and BCS modulation are its special cases. Since the waveform symbol of the MCS modulation signal can be arbitrarily valued, the optimal GNSS signal can be designed. However, like the BOC modulation signal, the MCS modulation signal also has the problem of ambiguous tracking, and then results in a large pseudo range measurement error, which is unacceptable for the new generation GNSS with high accuracy. In recent years, the unambiguous tracking of GNSS signals has become a hot research subject in the navigation signal processing domain and many methods are presented, and those methods can be divided into three categories:BPSK-like method, bump jump (BJ) method, and side-peak cancellation (SC) method. However, these methods are designed for BOC signal, and they are not suitable for MCS signal. Therefore, in this paper we propose a general unambiguous tracking algorithm based on the pseudo correlation function (PCF), which is suitable for MCS modulated signals. Firstly, the unitary expression of MCS modulated signal based on waveform value vector is given, then the unitary formula of cross-correlation function for MCS signal is derived and the definition of PCF is given. Then the constraint condition which should be satisfied to realize unambiguous tracking is analyzed in depth, and the universal constructing method of two reference signals and the relationship between each other are derived according to this constraint condition, which brings great convenience for solving the specific MCS signal. The code tracking loop model of GNSS receiver based on the proposed method is illustrated. It is observed that the proposed method can receive different MCS signals under the same receiver loop framework, and can simplify the design of the receiver while eliminating the tracking ambiguous problem. Finally, as a special case of MCS signal, the applications of the proposed method in four kinds of BOC signals are discussed respectively, and then the waveform value vector of the reference signal and the unitary expression of code discriminator are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the ambiguous tracking problem of MCS signal, which has good performance and broad application prospect.
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Keywords:
- global navigation satellite system /
- multi-level coded symbol /
- unambiguous tracking /
- pseudo correlation function
[1] Guo F 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing:Tsinghua University) (in Chinese)[郭甫 2016 博士学位论文 (北京:清华大学)]
[2] Wang S Z, Zhu G W, Bai W H, Liu C L, Sun Y Q, Du Q F, Wang X Y, Meng X G, Yang G L, Yang Z D, Zhang X X, Bi Y M, Wang D W, Xia J M, Wu D, Cai Y R, Han Y 2001 Navigation 48 227
[3] Betz J W 2001 Navigation 48 227
[4] Sun Z X, Yu Y, Zhou F, Liu S Z, Qiao G 2011 Sci. China:Phys. Mech. 54 1077
[5] Hegarty C J, Betz J W, Saidi A 2004 Proceedings of the National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation San Diego, California, USA, June 79, 2004 p56
[6] Zhang X M, Yao Z, Lu M Q 2011 Sci. China: Phys.Mech. 54 1077
[7] Zhou Y L, Wang D P 2016 Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 50 112
[8] Zitouni S, Rouabah K, Chikouche D, Mokrani K, Attia S, Harba R, Ravier P 2016 Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 50 112
[9] Martin N, Leblond V, Guillotel G, Heiries V 2003 Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation Portland, OR, USA, September 9-12, 2003 p188
[10] Lohan E S, Burian A, Renfors M 2008 Int. J. Satell. Commun. N. 26 503
[11] Benedetto F, Giunta G, Lohan E S, Renfors M 2013 IEEE Trans. on Veh. Technol. 62 1350
[12] Fine P, Wilson W 1999 Proceedings of the 1999 National Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation San Diego, CA, USA, January 25-27, 1999 p671
[13] Margaia D, Falletti E, Bagnasco A, Parizzi F 2014 Proceedings of 2014 7th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation and European Workshop on GNSS Signals and Signal Processing ESTEC Noordwijk, Netherlands, December 3-5, 2014 p1
[14] Ward P 2003 Proceedings of Institute of Navigation Annual Meeting Albuquerque, NM, USA, 2003 p146
[15] Zhang T W, Yang K D, Ma Y L, Wang Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 024303 (in Chinese)[张同伟, 杨坤德, 马远良, 汪勇 2015 64 024303]
[16] Julien O, Macabiau C, Cannon M E, Lachapelle G 2007 IEEE Trans. on Aerosp. Electron Sys. 43 150
[17] Juang J C, Kao T L 2010 Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation Portland, OR, USA, September 21-24, 2010 p3251
[18] Shivaramaiah N C, Dempster A G 2008 Proceeding of the European Navigation Conference Toulouse, France, April 23-25, 2008 p186
[19] Yao Z, Cui X W, Lu M Q, Feng Z M 2010 IEEE Trans. on Aerosp. Electron Sys. 46 1782
[20] Yao Z, Lu M Q, Feng Z M 2010 IEEE Trans. on Wirel Commun. 9 577
[21] Chen H H, Wang R, Jia W M, Yao M L 2012 J. Syst. Eng. Electron. 34 1090 (in Chinese)[陈辉华, 王榕, 贾维敏, 姚敏立 2012 系统工程与电子技术 34 1090]
[22] Yan T, Wei J L, Tang Z P, Qu B, Zhou Z H 2015 Wireless Pers. Commun. 84 2835
[23] Chen H H, Ren J W, Yao M L 2012 J. Astronaut. 33 1646 (in Chinese)[陈辉华, 任嘉伟, 姚敏立 2012 宇航学报 33 1646]
[24] Chen H H, Ren J W, Jia W M, Yao M L 2014 Acta Aeronaut. Astron. Sin. 35 2031 (in Chinese)[任嘉伟, 杨贵同, 贾维敏, 姚敏立 2014 航空学报 35 2031]
[25] Ren J W, Yang G T, Jia W M, Yao M L 2014 Acta Aeronaut. Astron. Sin. 35 2031 (in Chinese) [任嘉伟, 杨贵同, 贾维敏, 姚敏立2014 航空学报35 2031]
[26] Yan T, Wei J L, Tang Z P, Qu B, Zhou Z H 2015 GPS Solut. 19 623
[27] Zhang T Q, Jiang X L, Zhao J T, Wang J X 2015 China Commun. 12 86
[28] Liu W, Xi Y, Deng Z L, Jiao J C, Yin L 2015 China Commun. 12 86
[29] Zhang H L, Ba X H, Chen J, Zhou H 2016 Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin. 37 1 (in Chinese)[张洪伦, 巴晓辉, 陈杰, 周航 2016 航空学报 37 1]
[30] Jin S G 2012 Global Navigation Satellite Systems:Signal, Theory and Applications (Rijeka Croatia:InTech-Publisher) p72
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[1] Guo F 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing:Tsinghua University) (in Chinese)[郭甫 2016 博士学位论文 (北京:清华大学)]
[2] Wang S Z, Zhu G W, Bai W H, Liu C L, Sun Y Q, Du Q F, Wang X Y, Meng X G, Yang G L, Yang Z D, Zhang X X, Bi Y M, Wang D W, Xia J M, Wu D, Cai Y R, Han Y 2001 Navigation 48 227
[3] Betz J W 2001 Navigation 48 227
[4] Sun Z X, Yu Y, Zhou F, Liu S Z, Qiao G 2011 Sci. China:Phys. Mech. 54 1077
[5] Hegarty C J, Betz J W, Saidi A 2004 Proceedings of the National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation San Diego, California, USA, June 79, 2004 p56
[6] Zhang X M, Yao Z, Lu M Q 2011 Sci. China: Phys.Mech. 54 1077
[7] Zhou Y L, Wang D P 2016 Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 50 112
[8] Zitouni S, Rouabah K, Chikouche D, Mokrani K, Attia S, Harba R, Ravier P 2016 Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 50 112
[9] Martin N, Leblond V, Guillotel G, Heiries V 2003 Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation Portland, OR, USA, September 9-12, 2003 p188
[10] Lohan E S, Burian A, Renfors M 2008 Int. J. Satell. Commun. N. 26 503
[11] Benedetto F, Giunta G, Lohan E S, Renfors M 2013 IEEE Trans. on Veh. Technol. 62 1350
[12] Fine P, Wilson W 1999 Proceedings of the 1999 National Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation San Diego, CA, USA, January 25-27, 1999 p671
[13] Margaia D, Falletti E, Bagnasco A, Parizzi F 2014 Proceedings of 2014 7th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation and European Workshop on GNSS Signals and Signal Processing ESTEC Noordwijk, Netherlands, December 3-5, 2014 p1
[14] Ward P 2003 Proceedings of Institute of Navigation Annual Meeting Albuquerque, NM, USA, 2003 p146
[15] Zhang T W, Yang K D, Ma Y L, Wang Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 024303 (in Chinese)[张同伟, 杨坤德, 马远良, 汪勇 2015 64 024303]
[16] Julien O, Macabiau C, Cannon M E, Lachapelle G 2007 IEEE Trans. on Aerosp. Electron Sys. 43 150
[17] Juang J C, Kao T L 2010 Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation Portland, OR, USA, September 21-24, 2010 p3251
[18] Shivaramaiah N C, Dempster A G 2008 Proceeding of the European Navigation Conference Toulouse, France, April 23-25, 2008 p186
[19] Yao Z, Cui X W, Lu M Q, Feng Z M 2010 IEEE Trans. on Aerosp. Electron Sys. 46 1782
[20] Yao Z, Lu M Q, Feng Z M 2010 IEEE Trans. on Wirel Commun. 9 577
[21] Chen H H, Wang R, Jia W M, Yao M L 2012 J. Syst. Eng. Electron. 34 1090 (in Chinese)[陈辉华, 王榕, 贾维敏, 姚敏立 2012 系统工程与电子技术 34 1090]
[22] Yan T, Wei J L, Tang Z P, Qu B, Zhou Z H 2015 Wireless Pers. Commun. 84 2835
[23] Chen H H, Ren J W, Yao M L 2012 J. Astronaut. 33 1646 (in Chinese)[陈辉华, 任嘉伟, 姚敏立 2012 宇航学报 33 1646]
[24] Chen H H, Ren J W, Jia W M, Yao M L 2014 Acta Aeronaut. Astron. Sin. 35 2031 (in Chinese)[任嘉伟, 杨贵同, 贾维敏, 姚敏立 2014 航空学报 35 2031]
[25] Ren J W, Yang G T, Jia W M, Yao M L 2014 Acta Aeronaut. Astron. Sin. 35 2031 (in Chinese) [任嘉伟, 杨贵同, 贾维敏, 姚敏立2014 航空学报35 2031]
[26] Yan T, Wei J L, Tang Z P, Qu B, Zhou Z H 2015 GPS Solut. 19 623
[27] Zhang T Q, Jiang X L, Zhao J T, Wang J X 2015 China Commun. 12 86
[28] Liu W, Xi Y, Deng Z L, Jiao J C, Yin L 2015 China Commun. 12 86
[29] Zhang H L, Ba X H, Chen J, Zhou H 2016 Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin. 37 1 (in Chinese)[张洪伦, 巴晓辉, 陈杰, 周航 2016 航空学报 37 1]
[30] Jin S G 2012 Global Navigation Satellite Systems:Signal, Theory and Applications (Rijeka Croatia:InTech-Publisher) p72
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