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The Crab pulsar is an isolated rotation-powered pulsar which emits large X-ray fluxes, making it a candidate source for carrying out the X-ray pulsar navigation (XNAV). The long-term stable profiles are considered as the foundation of XNAV. However, systematic studies of the long-term stability of the X-ray pulsar profile and its effect on range accuracy in XNAV are lacking. In this paper, we use the X-ray band (2–16 keV) data monitored by Rossi X-ray timing explorer (RXTE) spacecraft over the latest 11 years, to first investigate the stability of the Crab pulsar including the profiles after the glitches. Furthermore, some measurements of the long-term profile shape, including Pearson correlation coefficient, standard deviation and spectral entropy, are presented both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. In the data processing, the Fourier analysis and cross-correlation are used to deal with the 191 RXTE data sets. With the help of the Cramer-Rao theory, the effect of the profile variation on the error of the range determination in XNAV is studied. Furthermore, after analyzing those errors, the effect of the stability of the Crab pulsar on range determination is confined to more narrow limits. The results demonstrate that the 2–16 keV profiles are almost constant during the period 2001–2012. The profiles after the glitches show no significant discrepancy. The variation of Crab profile inevitably has an influence on the navigation precision to a certain extent. The calculated range error along the pulsar line-of-sight due to the stability of the pulsar profile is 34 m±25 m.
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Keywords:
- profile stability /
- Rossi X-ray timing explorer spacecraft /
- Crab pulsar /
- glitches
[1] Shuai P, Li M, Chen S L, Huang Z 2009 Principles and Techniques of X-ray Pulsar Based Navigation System (Beijing: China Astronautic Publishing House) p20 (in Chinese) [帅平, 李明, 陈绍龙, 黄震 2009 X射线脉冲星导航系统原理与方法 (北京: 中国宇航出版社) 第20页]
[2] Emadzadeh A A, Speyer J L 2010 IEEE Trans. Signal Proces. 58 4484
[3] Zhou Q Y, Ji J F, Ren H F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 139701 (in Chinese) [周庆勇, 姬剑锋, 任红飞 2013 62 139701]
[4] Hanson J, Sheikh S, Graven P, Collins J 2008 Proceeding IEEE/ION: Position, Location and Navigation Symposium Monterey, USA, May 5–8, 2008 p704
[5] Zhu J, Ji P Y 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 356
[6] Zhang H, Xu L P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 039701 (in Chinese) [张华, 许录平 2011 60 039701]
[7] Pan J, Wu X J 1999 Chin. Phys. Lett. 16 307
[8] Helfand D J, Manchester R N, Taylor J H 1975 Astrophys. J. 198 661
[9] Rathnasree N, Rankin J M 1995 Astrophys. J. 452 814
[10] Vivekanand M 2001 Astron. Astrophys. 373 236
[11] Rots A H, Jahoda K, Lyne A G 2004 Astrophys. J. 605 L129
[12] Molkov S, Jourdain E, Roques J P 2010 Astrophys. J. 708 403
[13] Jain C, Paul B 2011 Res. Astron. Astrophys. 11 1134
[14] Liu X P, Li X P, Sun H F 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0304002 (in Chinese) [刘秀平, 李小平, 孙海峰 2013 光学学报 33 0304002]
[15] Kaiper L, Hermsen W, Walter R, Foschini L 2006 Astron. Astrophys. 411 L31
[16] Sun H F, Xie K, Li X P, Fang H Y, Liu X P, Fu L Z, Sun H J, Xue M F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 109701 (in Chinese) [孙海峰, 谢楷, 李小平, 方海燕, 刘秀平, 傅灵忠, 孙海建, 薛梦凡 2013 62 109701]
[17] Ge M Y 2012 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [葛明玉 2012 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院高能物理研究所)]
[18] Espinoza C M, Lyne A G, Stappers B W, Kramer M 2011 Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 414 1679
[19] Sheikh S I 2005 Ph. D. Dissertation (College Park: University of Maryland)
[20] Hui C Y, Cheng K S 2004 Astrophys. J. 608 935
[21] Emadzadeh A A 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Los Angeles: University of California Los Angeles)
[22] Taylor J H 1992 Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 341 117
[23] Xie Z H, Xu L P, Ni G R 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6683 (in Chinese) [谢振华, 许录平, 倪广仁 2008 57 6683]
[24] Li J X, Ke X Z, Zhao B S 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 069701 (in Chinese) [李建勋, 柯熙政, 赵宝升 2012 61 069701]
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[1] Shuai P, Li M, Chen S L, Huang Z 2009 Principles and Techniques of X-ray Pulsar Based Navigation System (Beijing: China Astronautic Publishing House) p20 (in Chinese) [帅平, 李明, 陈绍龙, 黄震 2009 X射线脉冲星导航系统原理与方法 (北京: 中国宇航出版社) 第20页]
[2] Emadzadeh A A, Speyer J L 2010 IEEE Trans. Signal Proces. 58 4484
[3] Zhou Q Y, Ji J F, Ren H F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 139701 (in Chinese) [周庆勇, 姬剑锋, 任红飞 2013 62 139701]
[4] Hanson J, Sheikh S, Graven P, Collins J 2008 Proceeding IEEE/ION: Position, Location and Navigation Symposium Monterey, USA, May 5–8, 2008 p704
[5] Zhu J, Ji P Y 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 356
[6] Zhang H, Xu L P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 039701 (in Chinese) [张华, 许录平 2011 60 039701]
[7] Pan J, Wu X J 1999 Chin. Phys. Lett. 16 307
[8] Helfand D J, Manchester R N, Taylor J H 1975 Astrophys. J. 198 661
[9] Rathnasree N, Rankin J M 1995 Astrophys. J. 452 814
[10] Vivekanand M 2001 Astron. Astrophys. 373 236
[11] Rots A H, Jahoda K, Lyne A G 2004 Astrophys. J. 605 L129
[12] Molkov S, Jourdain E, Roques J P 2010 Astrophys. J. 708 403
[13] Jain C, Paul B 2011 Res. Astron. Astrophys. 11 1134
[14] Liu X P, Li X P, Sun H F 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0304002 (in Chinese) [刘秀平, 李小平, 孙海峰 2013 光学学报 33 0304002]
[15] Kaiper L, Hermsen W, Walter R, Foschini L 2006 Astron. Astrophys. 411 L31
[16] Sun H F, Xie K, Li X P, Fang H Y, Liu X P, Fu L Z, Sun H J, Xue M F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 109701 (in Chinese) [孙海峰, 谢楷, 李小平, 方海燕, 刘秀平, 傅灵忠, 孙海建, 薛梦凡 2013 62 109701]
[17] Ge M Y 2012 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [葛明玉 2012 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院高能物理研究所)]
[18] Espinoza C M, Lyne A G, Stappers B W, Kramer M 2011 Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 414 1679
[19] Sheikh S I 2005 Ph. D. Dissertation (College Park: University of Maryland)
[20] Hui C Y, Cheng K S 2004 Astrophys. J. 608 935
[21] Emadzadeh A A 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Los Angeles: University of California Los Angeles)
[22] Taylor J H 1992 Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 341 117
[23] Xie Z H, Xu L P, Ni G R 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6683 (in Chinese) [谢振华, 许录平, 倪广仁 2008 57 6683]
[24] Li J X, Ke X Z, Zhao B S 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 069701 (in Chinese) [李建勋, 柯熙政, 赵宝升 2012 61 069701]
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