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Under the high power injection condition of the wide-gap klystron amplifier (WKA), a second peak current appears besides the conventional optimally bunching current (or the first peak current) in the distribution of the fundamental integral current. Considering the electron bunching theory and the Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results together, the formation mechanism of the second peak current is discussed. The results indicate that the second peak current has a close relation with the electron multiple-overtaking phenomenon in the case of high voltage modulation coefficient. When the diode voltage is 600 kV, beam current is 5 kA and working frequency is 3.6 GHz, the beam modulation depth of the WKA is enhanced to 92% from 80% according to the multiple-overtaking mechanism. Simultaneously, the bunching current power is improved from 2.2 GW to 2.8 GW, and a 27 percent increment is obtained.
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Keywords:
- wide-gap klystron amplifier /
- high power injection /
- multiple electron overtaking /
- beam bunching
[1] Friedman M, Serlin V, Lampe M, Hubbard R, Colombant D, Slinker S 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 322
[2] Friedman M, Fernsler R, Slinker S, Hubbard R, Lampe M 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1214
[3] Bai X C, Yang J H, Zhang J D, Jin Z X 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 083106
[4] Song W, Lin Y Z 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 939
[5] Xie J L, Zhao Y X 1966 The bunching theory of klystron (Beijing: Science Press) P61 (in Chinese) [谢家麟, 赵永翔 1966 速调管群聚理论 (北京: 科学出版社) 第61页]
[6] Xue Z H, Liu P K, Du C H, Li Z D 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 170201 (in Chinese) [薛智浩, 刘濮鲲, 杜朝海, 李铮迪 2012 61 170201]
[7] Ge X J, Zhong H H, Qian B L, Zhang J, Gao L 2010 Phys. Plasmas 97 101503
[8] Ma Q S, Jin X, Xu M, Li Z H, Wu Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 105201 (in Chinese) [马乔生, 金晓, 绪明, 李正红, 吴洋 2011 60 105201]
[9] Lampe M, Hubbard R F, Friedman M, Serlin V, Slinker S P, Fernsler R F, Colombant D 1994 Proc. SPIE 2154 49
[10] Guo J H, Yu S, Li H F, Zhang T Z, Lei C J, Li X, Zhang Y Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 090301 (in Chinese) [郭建华, 喻胜, 李宏福, 张天钟, 雷朝军, 李想, 张颜颜 2011 60 090301]
[11] Ma J J, Zhu X F, Jin X L, Hu Y L, Li J Q, Yang Z H, Li B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 208402 (in Chinese) [马俊健, 朱小芳, 金晓林, 胡玉禄, 杨建清, 杨中海, 李斌 2012 61 208402]
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[1] Friedman M, Serlin V, Lampe M, Hubbard R, Colombant D, Slinker S 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 322
[2] Friedman M, Fernsler R, Slinker S, Hubbard R, Lampe M 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1214
[3] Bai X C, Yang J H, Zhang J D, Jin Z X 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 083106
[4] Song W, Lin Y Z 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 939
[5] Xie J L, Zhao Y X 1966 The bunching theory of klystron (Beijing: Science Press) P61 (in Chinese) [谢家麟, 赵永翔 1966 速调管群聚理论 (北京: 科学出版社) 第61页]
[6] Xue Z H, Liu P K, Du C H, Li Z D 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 170201 (in Chinese) [薛智浩, 刘濮鲲, 杜朝海, 李铮迪 2012 61 170201]
[7] Ge X J, Zhong H H, Qian B L, Zhang J, Gao L 2010 Phys. Plasmas 97 101503
[8] Ma Q S, Jin X, Xu M, Li Z H, Wu Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 105201 (in Chinese) [马乔生, 金晓, 绪明, 李正红, 吴洋 2011 60 105201]
[9] Lampe M, Hubbard R F, Friedman M, Serlin V, Slinker S P, Fernsler R F, Colombant D 1994 Proc. SPIE 2154 49
[10] Guo J H, Yu S, Li H F, Zhang T Z, Lei C J, Li X, Zhang Y Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 090301 (in Chinese) [郭建华, 喻胜, 李宏福, 张天钟, 雷朝军, 李想, 张颜颜 2011 60 090301]
[11] Ma J J, Zhu X F, Jin X L, Hu Y L, Li J Q, Yang Z H, Li B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 208402 (in Chinese) [马俊健, 朱小芳, 金晓林, 胡玉禄, 杨建清, 杨中海, 李斌 2012 61 208402]
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