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We experimentally investigate the Rydberg state excitations (RSEs) of noble gas atoms, He, Ar and Xe, in an 800-nm 50-fs strong laser field, by using the mass resolved pulsed electric field ionization method combined with the time-of-flight mass spectrometer. We measure the yields of the atomic RSE at different laser intensities and ellipticities, and compare the results with those of the nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) in strong laser fields. Our study shows that like that of NSDI, the yield of the atomic RSE increases as the atomic number increases, i.e., RSE yield trend is He Ar Xe. On the other hand, for any of the atoms, the probability of NSDI is lower than that of total RSE at the same laser intensity, which can be understood as that the yield of high energy electrons (for NSDI) is less than that of low energy electrons that can be captured into the Rydberg states. Additionally, our results show that the RSE yield strongly depends on the laser ellipticity, which is completely suppressed by a circularly polarized laser field. The dependence of RSE on laser ellipticity turns weaker as the atomic number increases, and is weaker than that of NSDI for any of the atoms. It is indicated that the atomic RSE in strong laser field can be attibuted to the capture of the low energy electrons after tunneling ionization into Rydberg states by the Coulomb potential at the end of the laser pulse.
[1] Jin C, Bertrand J B, Lucchese R R, W Orner H J, Corkum P B, Villeneuve D M, Le A, Lin C D 2012Phys. Rev. A 85 13405
[2] Tudorovskaya M, Lein M 2011Phys. Rev. A 84 13430
[3] Cao W J, Cheng C Z, Zhou X X 2011Acta Phys. Sin. 60 054210(in Chinese)[曹卫军, 成春芝, 周效信2011 60 054210]
[4] Li M, Geng J, Liu H, Deng Y, Wu C, Peng L, Gong Q, Liu Y 2014Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 113002
[5] Liao Q, Lu P, Lan P, Cao W, Li Y 2008Phys. Rev. A 77 13408
[6] Becker W, Grasbon F, Kopold R, Milošević D B, Paulus G G, Walther H 2002Adv. Atom., Molec., Opt. Phys. 48 35
[7] Lohr A, Kleber M, Kopold R, Becker W 1997Phys. Rev. A 55 R4003
[8] Wang P Y, Jia X Y, Fan D H, Chen J 2015Acta Phys. Sin. 64 143201(in Chinese)[王品懿, 贾欣燕, 樊代和, 陈京2015 64 143201]
[9] Jia X Y, Fan D H, Li W D, Chen J 2013Chin. Phys. B 1 13301
[10] Ishikawa T, Tong X M, Toshima N 2010Phys. Rev. A 82 33411
[11] Mauger F, Chandre C, Uzer A T 2010Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 43005
[12] Hao X, Wang G, Jia X, Li W 2009Phys. Rev. A 80 23408
[13] Cornaggia C, Hering P 2000Phys. Rev. A 62 23403
[14] Watson J B, Sanpera A, Lappas D G, Knight P L, Burnett K 1997Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1884
[15] Talebpoury A, Chien C, Liangz Y, Larochelle S, Chin S L 1997J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 1721
[16] Corkum P B 1993Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1994
[17] Nubbemeyer T, Gorling K, Saenz A, Eichmann U, Sandner A W 2008Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 233001
[18] Wang B B, Li X F, Fu P M, Chen J, Liu J 2006Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 2729
[19] Eichmann U, Nubbemeyer T, Rottke H, Sandner W 2009Nature 461 1261
[20] Maher-Mcwilliams C, Douglas P, Barker P F 2012Nat. Photon. 6 386
[21] L H, Zhang J F, Zuo W L, Xu H F, Jin M X, Ding D J 2015Chin. Phys. B 24 063303
[22] Mckenna J, Zeng S, Hua J J, Sayler A M, Zohrabi M, Johnson N G, Gaire B, Carnes K D, Esry B D, Ben-Itzhak I 2011Phys. Rev. A 84 43425
[23] Wu J, Vredenborg A, Ulrich B, Schmidt L P H, Meckel M, Voss S, Sann H, Kim H, Jahnke T, Do Rner R 2011Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 43003
[24] Nubbemeyer T, Eichmann U, Wsandner 2009J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 134010
[25] Manschwetus B, Nubbemeyer T, Gorling K, Steinmeyer G, Eichmann U, Rottke H, Sandner W 2009Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 113002
[26] Volkova E A, Popov A M, Tikhonova O V 2011Sov. Phys. JETP 113 394
[27] Popov A M, Tikhonova O V, Volkova E A 2010Laser Phys. 20 1028
[28] L H, Zuo W, Zhao L, Xu H, Jin M, Ding D, Hu S, Chen J 2016Phys. Rev. A 93 33415
[29] Landsman A S, Pfeiffer A N, Hofmann C, Smolarski M, Cirelli C, Keller U 2013New J. Phys. 15 13001
[30] Huang K, Xia Q, Fu L 2013Phys. Rev. A 87 33415
[31] Baer T 1989Annu. Rev. Phys. Chern. 40 637
[32] Ammosov M V, Delone N B, Krainov V P 1986Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 91 2008
[33] Larochelle S, Talebpoury A, Chin S L 1998J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 1201
[34] Walker B, Sheehy B, Dimauro L F, Agostini P, Schafer K J, Kulander K C 1994Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 1227
[35] Brabec T, Krausz F 2000Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 545
[36] Santra R, Gordon A 2006Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 73906
[37] Shvetsov-Shilovskia N I, Goreslavskia S P, Popruzhenkoa S V, Beckerb W 2009Laser Phys. 19 1550
[38] Dimitrovski D, Maurer J, Stapelfeldt H, Madsen L B 2014Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 103005
[39] Sun X, Li M, Ye D, Xin G, Fu L, Xie X, Deng Y, Wu C, Liu J, Gong Q, Liu Y 2014Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 103001
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[1] Jin C, Bertrand J B, Lucchese R R, W Orner H J, Corkum P B, Villeneuve D M, Le A, Lin C D 2012Phys. Rev. A 85 13405
[2] Tudorovskaya M, Lein M 2011Phys. Rev. A 84 13430
[3] Cao W J, Cheng C Z, Zhou X X 2011Acta Phys. Sin. 60 054210(in Chinese)[曹卫军, 成春芝, 周效信2011 60 054210]
[4] Li M, Geng J, Liu H, Deng Y, Wu C, Peng L, Gong Q, Liu Y 2014Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 113002
[5] Liao Q, Lu P, Lan P, Cao W, Li Y 2008Phys. Rev. A 77 13408
[6] Becker W, Grasbon F, Kopold R, Milošević D B, Paulus G G, Walther H 2002Adv. Atom., Molec., Opt. Phys. 48 35
[7] Lohr A, Kleber M, Kopold R, Becker W 1997Phys. Rev. A 55 R4003
[8] Wang P Y, Jia X Y, Fan D H, Chen J 2015Acta Phys. Sin. 64 143201(in Chinese)[王品懿, 贾欣燕, 樊代和, 陈京2015 64 143201]
[9] Jia X Y, Fan D H, Li W D, Chen J 2013Chin. Phys. B 1 13301
[10] Ishikawa T, Tong X M, Toshima N 2010Phys. Rev. A 82 33411
[11] Mauger F, Chandre C, Uzer A T 2010Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 43005
[12] Hao X, Wang G, Jia X, Li W 2009Phys. Rev. A 80 23408
[13] Cornaggia C, Hering P 2000Phys. Rev. A 62 23403
[14] Watson J B, Sanpera A, Lappas D G, Knight P L, Burnett K 1997Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1884
[15] Talebpoury A, Chien C, Liangz Y, Larochelle S, Chin S L 1997J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 1721
[16] Corkum P B 1993Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1994
[17] Nubbemeyer T, Gorling K, Saenz A, Eichmann U, Sandner A W 2008Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 233001
[18] Wang B B, Li X F, Fu P M, Chen J, Liu J 2006Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 2729
[19] Eichmann U, Nubbemeyer T, Rottke H, Sandner W 2009Nature 461 1261
[20] Maher-Mcwilliams C, Douglas P, Barker P F 2012Nat. Photon. 6 386
[21] L H, Zhang J F, Zuo W L, Xu H F, Jin M X, Ding D J 2015Chin. Phys. B 24 063303
[22] Mckenna J, Zeng S, Hua J J, Sayler A M, Zohrabi M, Johnson N G, Gaire B, Carnes K D, Esry B D, Ben-Itzhak I 2011Phys. Rev. A 84 43425
[23] Wu J, Vredenborg A, Ulrich B, Schmidt L P H, Meckel M, Voss S, Sann H, Kim H, Jahnke T, Do Rner R 2011Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 43003
[24] Nubbemeyer T, Eichmann U, Wsandner 2009J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 134010
[25] Manschwetus B, Nubbemeyer T, Gorling K, Steinmeyer G, Eichmann U, Rottke H, Sandner W 2009Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 113002
[26] Volkova E A, Popov A M, Tikhonova O V 2011Sov. Phys. JETP 113 394
[27] Popov A M, Tikhonova O V, Volkova E A 2010Laser Phys. 20 1028
[28] L H, Zuo W, Zhao L, Xu H, Jin M, Ding D, Hu S, Chen J 2016Phys. Rev. A 93 33415
[29] Landsman A S, Pfeiffer A N, Hofmann C, Smolarski M, Cirelli C, Keller U 2013New J. Phys. 15 13001
[30] Huang K, Xia Q, Fu L 2013Phys. Rev. A 87 33415
[31] Baer T 1989Annu. Rev. Phys. Chern. 40 637
[32] Ammosov M V, Delone N B, Krainov V P 1986Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 91 2008
[33] Larochelle S, Talebpoury A, Chin S L 1998J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 1201
[34] Walker B, Sheehy B, Dimauro L F, Agostini P, Schafer K J, Kulander K C 1994Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 1227
[35] Brabec T, Krausz F 2000Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 545
[36] Santra R, Gordon A 2006Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 73906
[37] Shvetsov-Shilovskia N I, Goreslavskia S P, Popruzhenkoa S V, Beckerb W 2009Laser Phys. 19 1550
[38] Dimitrovski D, Maurer J, Stapelfeldt H, Madsen L B 2014Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 103005
[39] Sun X, Li M, Ye D, Xin G, Fu L, Xie X, Deng Y, Wu C, Liu J, Gong Q, Liu Y 2014Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 103001
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