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大规模量子通信网络中, 采用量子分组传输技术能有效提升发送节点的吞吐量, 提高网络中链路的利用率, 增强通信的抗干扰性能. 然而量子分组的快速传输与路由器性能息息相关. 路由器性能瓶颈将严重影响网络的可扩展性和链路的传输效率. 本文提出一种量子通信网络分层结构, 并根据量子密集编码和量子隐形传态理论, 给出一种基于分层的量子分组信息传输方案, 实现端到端的量子信息传输. 该方案先将量子分组按照目的地址进行聚类, 再按聚类后的地址进行传输. 仿真结果表明, 基于分层的量子分组信息传输方案能够有效减少量子分组信息在量子通信网络中的传输时间, 并且所减少的时间与量子路由器性能与发送的量子分组数量有关. 因此, 本文提出的量子分组信息传输方案适用于大规模量子通信网络的构建.By using quantum packet transmission technology in large scale quantum communication networks, the throughput of transmission node, network link utilization, and the anti-interference performance of communication can be effectively improved. However, the fast transmission of quantum packets is closely related to the performance of router. The bottleneck of the router performance will seriously affect the scalability of the network and the transmission efficiency of the link. In order to reduce the number of quantum packet queues in nodes of the quantum communication network and to reduce the transmission delay of quantum packets, firstly, according to the classical computer communication network structure, in our paper, we divide the quantum communication network into quantum local area network, quantum metropolitan area network and quantum wide area network. Secondly, the quantum packet format and the quantum cluster format compatible with the packet format in the computer network are determined. Then, a quantum information packet transmission scheme based on the hierarchy is proposed, to realize the end-to-end transmission of quantum information. In our scheme, the quantum packets are divided into quantum packet header information and quantum data information. Quantum dense coding mode is used to transmit the quantum packet header information, while the quantum data information uses quantum teleportation to transmit. First, the quantum packets are sent to the router of the quantum local area network at source address, then the quantum LAN router relay the packets to the quantum metropolitan area network router, the router here makes the quantum packets into quantum cluster according to destination address. Quantum clusters are transmitted in the quantum metropolitan area network and quantum wide area network, ending in the quantum metropolitan area network routing. After the quantum clusters are decomposed, they are sent to the destination address through the local area network router of each quantum packet.We analyze the number of quantum entanglement pairs and the total transmission time in our scheme. The results show that the more the routers by the quantum packet and the quantum cluster are, the more the number of quantum entanglement pairs required by the transmission of a certain quantum packet is. When the number of routers is certain, the number of entanglement pairs required in the transmission process of quantum packet and quantum cluster depends on the number of quantum packets. Finally, the theoretical analysis and calculation are carried out by Matlab simulation, the results show that hierarchical quantum packet information transmission scheme can effectively reduce the transmission time of quantum packet information in the quantum communication network, and the reduced time is related to the quantum router performance and the number of quantum packets to send: the more the number of quantum packets to send, the longer the length of packet processing time needs is and the more obvious the advantage of our scheme is. Therefore, the proposed scheme in this paper is suitable for the construction of large scale quantum communication networks.
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Keywords:
- quantum communication /
- packet transmission /
- quantum teleportation
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[1] Bennet C H, Brassard G, Crepeau C, Jozsa R, Peres A, Wooters W K 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1895
[2] Ekert A 1991 Phys. Rev Lett. 67 661
[3] Bennett C H 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3121
[4] Chan H C B, Leung V C M 2000 Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Halifax, Canada, Mar 7-10, 2000 p459
[5] Ray Y W L, Henry C B C, Hui C, Tharam S D, Victor O K L, Victor C M L 2008 J. Commun. Netw-s. Kor. 10 316
[6] Yurke B, Denker J S 1984 Phys. Lett. A 29 1419
[7] Cirac J I, Zoller P, Kimble H J, Mabuchi H 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3221
[8] Chip E 2002 New J. Phys. 4 46
[9] Long G L, Liu X S 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 032302
[10] Deng F G, Long G L, Liu X S 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 042317
[11] Deng F G, Long G L 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 052319
[12] Wang J, Chen H Q, Zhang Q, Tang C J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 673 (in Chinese) [王剑, 陈皇卿, 张权, 唐朝京 2007 56 673]
[13] Wang T Y, Qin S J, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7452 (in Chinese) [王天银, 秦素娟, 温巧燕, 朱甫臣 2008 57 7452]
[14] Long G L, Wang C, Li Y S, Deng F G 2011 Sci. China: Ser. G 41 332 (in Chinese) [龙桂鲁, 王川, 李岩松, 邓富国 2011 中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学 41 332]
[15] Long G L, Qin G Q 2014 Physics and Engineering 24 3 (in Chinese) [龙桂鲁, 秦国卿 2014 物理与工程 2014 24 3
[16] Chen W, Han Z F, Zhang T, Wen H, Yin Z Q, Xu F X, Wu Q L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Mo X F, Gui Y Z, Wei G, Guo G C 2009 IEEE Photonic. Tech. L. 21 575
[17] Xu F X, Chen W, Wang S 2009 Chin. Sci. Bull. 54 2277 (in Chinese) [许方星, 陈巍, 王双 2009 科学通报 54 2277]
[18] Zeng B Y 2009 M. S. Dissertation (Nanchang: Nanchang University ) (in Chinese) [曾宾阳 2009 硕士学位论文 (南昌: 南昌大学)]
[19] Liu X H, Pei C X, Nie M 2014 J. Jinlin. Univ. Technol. Ed. 44 1177 (in Chinese) [刘晓慧, 裴昌幸, 聂敏 2014 吉林大学学报(工学版) 44 1177]
[20] Wang J M 2014 M. S. Dissertation (Xian: Xian University of Electronic Science and Technology) (in Chinese) [王建民 2014 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安电子科技大学)]
[21] Chen P, Cai Y X, Cai X F, Shi L H, Yu X T 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 040301 (in Chinese) [陈鹏, 蔡有勋, 蔡晓菲, 施丽慧, 余旭涛 2015 64 040301]
[22] Ma H Y, Qin G Q, Fan X K, Chu P C 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 160306 (in Chinese) [马鸿洋, 秦国卿, 范兴奎, 初鹏程 2015 64 160306]
[23] Xie X R 2008 The Internet Network (Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry) pp17-364 (in Chinese)[谢希仁 2008 计算机网络 (北京: 电子工业出版社) 第 17-364 页]
[24] Schaet T, Barrett M D, Leibried D, Chiaverini J, Britton J, Itano W M, Jost J D, Langer C, WIneland D J 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 040505
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