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The wavelength dependence of the electron localization in dissociating molecular ion D2+ is investigated via solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation of the two-state model of the molecular ion. Our results reveal an anomalous dependence of the electron localization on the laser wavelength. Overall, the degree of the electron localization shows a growing trend with the increase of wavelength, but it drops off obviously at some wavelengths. It is found that the localization asymmetries for some vibrational states become opposite in phase when the wavelength is changed, leading to the decline of the electron localization. Further analysis shows that the nuclear and electronic motions that determine the electron localization respond inconsistently to the variation of the wavelength, ultimately resulting in the non-linear dependence of the electron localization on the laser wavelength.
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Keywords:
- molecular dissociation /
- electron localization /
- strong-field dynamics
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[2] Posthumus J H 2004 Rep. Prog. Phys. 67 623
[3] Bandrauk A D, Chelkowski S, Nguyen H S 2004 Int. J. Quant. Chem. 100 834
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[7] Krausz F, Ivanov M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 163
[8] Lan P F, Lu P X, Cao W, Wang X L, Hong W Y 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 1186
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[13] Zhou Y M, Huang C, Liao Q, Lu P 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 053004
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[15] Cao W, Lu P, Lan P, Wang X, Li Y 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 063423
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[19] Wang S Y, Hong W Y, Zhang Q B, Li Q G, Lu P X 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 083203
[20] Luo L Y, Du H C, Hu B T 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 033202
[21] Cavalieri A L, Mller N, Uphues T, Yakovlev V S, Baltuška A, Horvath B, Schmidt B, Blmel L, Holzwarth R, Hendel S, Drescher M, Kleineberg U, Echenique P M, Kienberger R, Krausz F, Heinzmann U 2007 Nature 449 1029
[22] Zhu X S, Zhang Q B, Hong W Y, Lu P X, Xu Z Z 2011 Opt. Express 19 24198
[23] Wang J, Liu F, Yue D G, Zhao J, Xu Y, Meng Q T, Liu W K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 123301
[24] Yue D G, Zheng X Y, Liu H, Wang C X, Meng Q T 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1479
[25] Liu K L, Zhang Q B, Lu P X 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033410
[26] Madsen C B, Anis F, Madsen L B, Esry B D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 163003
[27] Kling M F, Siedschlag C, Verhoef A J, Khan J I, Schultze M, Uphues T, Ni Y, Uiberacker M, Drescher M, Krausz F, Vrakking M J 2006 Science 312 246
[28] He F, Ruiz C, Becker A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 083002
[29] Kremer M, Fischer B, Feuerstein B, de Jesus V L B, Sharma V, Hofrichter C, Rudenko A, Thumm U, SchrŚter C D, Moshammer R, Ullrich J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 213003
[30] Kling N G, Betsch K J, Zohrabi M, Zeng S, Anis F, Ablikim U, Jochim B, Wang Z, Kbel M, Kling M F, Carnes K D, Esry B D, Ben-Itzhak I 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 163004
[31] Liu K L, Hong W Y, Lu P F 2011 Opt. Express 19 20279
[32] Znakovskaya I, von den Hoff P, Zherebtsov S, Wirth A, Herrwerth O, Vrakking M, de Vivie-Riedle R, Kling M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 103002
[33] Lan P F, Lu P X, Cao W, Li Y H, Wang X L 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 021801
[34] Takemoto N, Becker A 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 203004
[35] Zhang Q B, Lu P X, Lan P F, Hong W Y, Yang Z 2008 Opt. Express 16 9795
[36] Hong W Y, Lu P X, Lan P F, Zhang Q B, Wang X L 2009 Opt. Express 17 5139
[37] Hong W Y, Lu P X, Lan P F, Yang Z, Li Y H, Liao Q 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 033410
[38] Magrakvelidze M, He F, Niederhausen T, Litvinyuk I V, Thumm U 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 033410
[39] Silva F, Austin D R, Thai A, Baudisch M, Hemmer M, Faccio D, Couairon A, Biegert J 2012 Nature Comm. 3 807
[40] Hong Z F, Zhang Q B, Lu P X 2013 Opt. Express 21 9491
[41] Lan P F, Lu P X, Li Q, Li F, Hong W Y, Zhang Q 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 043413
[42] Tate J, Auguste T, Muller H G, Salières P, Agostini P, DiMauro L F 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 013901
[43] Hong W Y, Lu P F, Li Q, Zhang Q B 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 2102
[44] Liu K L, Hong W Y, Zhang Q B, Lu P X 2011 Opt. Express 19 26359
[45] Znakovskaya I, von den Hoff P, Marcus G, Zherebtsov S, Bergues B, Gu X, Deng Y, Vrakking M J J, Kienberger R, Krausz F, de Vivie-Riedle R, Kling M F 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 063002
[46] Liao Q, Zhou Y M, Huang C, Lu P X 2012 New J. Phys. 14 013001
[47] Kelkensberg F, Sansone G, Ivanov M Y, Vrakking M 2011 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 8647
[48] Jia Z M, Zeng Z N, Li R X, Xu Z Z, Deng Y P 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023419
[49] Xu T Y, He F 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 043426
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[1] Zewail A H 2000 J. Phys. Chem. A 104 5660
[2] Posthumus J H 2004 Rep. Prog. Phys. 67 623
[3] Bandrauk A D, Chelkowski S, Nguyen H S 2004 Int. J. Quant. Chem. 100 834
[4] Liu K L, Zhang Q B, Lan P F, Lu P X 2013 Opt. Express 21 5107
[5] Lan P F, Lu P X, Cao W, Li Y H, Wang X L 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 011402
[6] Corkum P B, Krausz F 2007 Nature Phys. 3 381
[7] Krausz F, Ivanov M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 163
[8] Lan P F, Lu P X, Cao W, Wang X L, Hong W Y 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 1186
[9] Goulielmakis E, Schultze M, Hofstetter M, Yakovlev V S, Gagnon J, Uiberacker M, Aquila A L, Gullikson E M, Attwood D T, Kienberger R, Krausz F, Kleineberg U 2008 Science 320 1614
[10] Cao W, Lu P, Lan P, Wang X, Yang G 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 063821
[11] Hong W Y, Lu P F, Cao W, Lan P, Wang X 2007 J. Phys. B 40 2321
[12] Weber T, Giessen H, Weckenbrock M, Urbasch G, Staudte A, Spielberger L, Jagutzki O, Mergel V, Vollmer M, Dörner R 2000 Nature 405 658
[13] Zhou Y M, Huang C, Liao Q, Lu P 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 053004
[14] Kienberger R, Goulielmakis E, Uiberacker M, Baltuska A, Yakovlev V, Bammer F, Scrinzi A, Westerwalbesloh Th, Kleineberg U, Heinzmann U, Drescher M, Krausz F 2007 Nature 427 817
[15] Cao W, Lu P, Lan P, Wang X, Li Y 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 063423
[16] Lan P F, Lu P X, Li F, Li Y, Yang Z 2008 Opt. Express 16 5868
[17] Zeng Z N, Li R X, Xie X H, Xu Z Z 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 2316(in Chinese)[曾志男, 李儒新, 谢新华, 徐志展 2004 53 2316]
[18] Zhang Q B, Hong W Y, Lan P F, Yang Z Y, Lu P X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7848(in Chinese)[张庆斌, 洪伟毅, 兰鹏飞, 杨振宇, 陆培祥 2008 57 7848]
[19] Wang S Y, Hong W Y, Zhang Q B, Li Q G, Lu P X 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 083203
[20] Luo L Y, Du H C, Hu B T 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 033202
[21] Cavalieri A L, Mller N, Uphues T, Yakovlev V S, Baltuška A, Horvath B, Schmidt B, Blmel L, Holzwarth R, Hendel S, Drescher M, Kleineberg U, Echenique P M, Kienberger R, Krausz F, Heinzmann U 2007 Nature 449 1029
[22] Zhu X S, Zhang Q B, Hong W Y, Lu P X, Xu Z Z 2011 Opt. Express 19 24198
[23] Wang J, Liu F, Yue D G, Zhao J, Xu Y, Meng Q T, Liu W K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 123301
[24] Yue D G, Zheng X Y, Liu H, Wang C X, Meng Q T 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1479
[25] Liu K L, Zhang Q B, Lu P X 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033410
[26] Madsen C B, Anis F, Madsen L B, Esry B D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 163003
[27] Kling M F, Siedschlag C, Verhoef A J, Khan J I, Schultze M, Uphues T, Ni Y, Uiberacker M, Drescher M, Krausz F, Vrakking M J 2006 Science 312 246
[28] He F, Ruiz C, Becker A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 083002
[29] Kremer M, Fischer B, Feuerstein B, de Jesus V L B, Sharma V, Hofrichter C, Rudenko A, Thumm U, SchrŚter C D, Moshammer R, Ullrich J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 213003
[30] Kling N G, Betsch K J, Zohrabi M, Zeng S, Anis F, Ablikim U, Jochim B, Wang Z, Kbel M, Kling M F, Carnes K D, Esry B D, Ben-Itzhak I 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 163004
[31] Liu K L, Hong W Y, Lu P F 2011 Opt. Express 19 20279
[32] Znakovskaya I, von den Hoff P, Zherebtsov S, Wirth A, Herrwerth O, Vrakking M, de Vivie-Riedle R, Kling M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 103002
[33] Lan P F, Lu P X, Cao W, Li Y H, Wang X L 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 021801
[34] Takemoto N, Becker A 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 203004
[35] Zhang Q B, Lu P X, Lan P F, Hong W Y, Yang Z 2008 Opt. Express 16 9795
[36] Hong W Y, Lu P X, Lan P F, Zhang Q B, Wang X L 2009 Opt. Express 17 5139
[37] Hong W Y, Lu P X, Lan P F, Yang Z, Li Y H, Liao Q 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 033410
[38] Magrakvelidze M, He F, Niederhausen T, Litvinyuk I V, Thumm U 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 033410
[39] Silva F, Austin D R, Thai A, Baudisch M, Hemmer M, Faccio D, Couairon A, Biegert J 2012 Nature Comm. 3 807
[40] Hong Z F, Zhang Q B, Lu P X 2013 Opt. Express 21 9491
[41] Lan P F, Lu P X, Li Q, Li F, Hong W Y, Zhang Q 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 043413
[42] Tate J, Auguste T, Muller H G, Salières P, Agostini P, DiMauro L F 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 013901
[43] Hong W Y, Lu P F, Li Q, Zhang Q B 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 2102
[44] Liu K L, Hong W Y, Zhang Q B, Lu P X 2011 Opt. Express 19 26359
[45] Znakovskaya I, von den Hoff P, Marcus G, Zherebtsov S, Bergues B, Gu X, Deng Y, Vrakking M J J, Kienberger R, Krausz F, de Vivie-Riedle R, Kling M F 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 063002
[46] Liao Q, Zhou Y M, Huang C, Lu P X 2012 New J. Phys. 14 013001
[47] Kelkensberg F, Sansone G, Ivanov M Y, Vrakking M 2011 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 8647
[48] Jia Z M, Zeng Z N, Li R X, Xu Z Z, Deng Y P 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023419
[49] Xu T Y, He F 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 043426
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