有机发光二极管光取出技术研究进展

杨洋; 陈淑芬; 谢军; 陈春燕; 邵茗; 郭旭; 黄维

doi:10.7498/aps.60.047809

摘要

有机发光二极管(OLED)在通信、信息、显示和照明等领域均显现出巨大的商业应用前景,十几年来一直是光电信息领域的研究热点之一.但是,OLED的外量子效率远低于内量子效率,极大程度地制约了其发展和应用.本文主要介绍了多种有效提高器件效率的光取出技术,对微透镜、光子晶体结构、纳米图案和纳米多孔膜以及微腔技术等多种OLED修饰方法进行了回顾和讨论.在此基础上,对一些光取出技术的研究做了展望.

关键词:

Organic light-emitting device (OLED) technology shows tremendous commercial applications in communication, information, display, and lighting. It has been one of the most attractive projects in optoelectronic information field over the last decade. However, the internal efficiency is quite different from the external efficiency, and to some extent, a low external efficiency restrictes the development and application of OLEDs. The light out-coupling has been improved by a number of different techniques through the modification of device architecture. In this paper we present various light out-coupling techniques that have been implemented to enhance the external efficiency of OLEDs. Various OLED device modification techniques, e.g., micro-lens array, photonic crystal structure, nano-patterned and nanoporous films, and microcavity technique, have been reviewed and discussed. Finally, some perspectives on light out-coupling techniques are proposed.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南京邮电大学信息材料与纳米技术研究院,有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室培育基地,南京 210046

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2009CB930600),国家自然科学基金(批准号:60907047, 20774043, 20704023, 60706017, 60977024, 60876010 ),教育部重点项目(批准号: 104246, 208050, 707032),国家教育部高等学校骨干教师基金(批准号:20093223120003),江苏省自然科学基金(批准号:BK2009423, BK2008053))和江苏省高校自然科学基础研究项目(批准号:08KJB510013, SJ20900

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210046, China

参考文献

[1]	Tang C W, Van Slyke S A 1987 Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 913
[2]	Gu G, Forrest S R 1998 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 4 83
[3]	Cao G H, Qin D S, Guan M, Cao J S, Zeng Y P, Li J M 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 1911
[4]	Tian R Y, Yang R Q, Peng J B, Cao Y 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 1032
[5]	Nalwa H S, Rohwer L S 2003 ASP Press 1 213
[6]	Nie H, Zhang B, Tang X Z 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 730
[7]	Wei F X, Cao J, Zhang X B, Liu X, Jiang X Y, Zhang Z L, Zhu W Q, Xu S H 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2008 (in Chinese) [委福祥、曹进、张晓波、刘向、蒋雪茵、张志林、许少鸿 2006 55 2008]
[8]	Chen F P, Xu B, Zhao Z J, Tian W J, Lu P, Im Chan 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 037801
[9]	Cao J S, Guan M, Cao G H, Zeng Y P, Li J M, Qin D S 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 2725
[10]	Wei B, Liao Y J, Liu J Z, Lu L, Cao J, Wang J, Zhang J H 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 037105
[11]	Kiran T K, Andrew P M, Martin R B 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 572
[12]	Chang C H, Chen C C, Wua C C, Chang S Y, Hung J Y, Chi Y 2010 Org. Electron. 11 266
[13]	Zhang L J, Hua Y L, Wu X M, Wang Y, Yin S G 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3097
[14]	Lu M H, Sturn J C 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 1927
[15]	Peng Y Q, Zhang F J, Tai X S, He X Y, Zhang X 2002 Chin. Phys. 11 1076
[16]	Madigan C F, Lu M H, Sturm J C 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 1650
[17]	Patel N K, Cinà S, Burroughes J H 2002 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 8 346
[18]	Kim J S, Ho P K H, Greenham N C, Friend R H 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 1073
[19]	Yang C J, Liu S H, Hsieh H H, Cho T Y, Wu C C 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 253508
[20]	Peng H J, Ho Y L, Qiu C F, Wong M, Kwok H S 2004 SID 04 Digest Seattle America May 23—28 2004 p158
[21]	Meller S, Forrest S R 2002 J.Appl. Phys. 91 3324
[22]	Sun Y, Forrest S R 2008 Nature 2 483
[23]	Wei M K, Su I L 2004 Opt. Exp. 12 5777
[24]	Wei M K, Lee J H, Lin H Y, Ho Y H, Chen K Y, Lin C C, Wu C F, Lin H Y, Tsai J H, Wu T C 2008 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 10 055302
[25]	Peng H, Ho Y L, Yu X J, Wong M, Kwok H S 2005 J. Disp. Tech. 1 278
[26]	Chen K Y, Chang Y T, Ho Y H, Lin H Y, Lee J H, Wei M K 2010 Opt. Exp. 18 3238
[27]	We M K, Su I L, Chen Y J, Chang M, Lin H Y, Wu T C 2006 J. Micromech. Microeng. 16 368
[28]	Lee J H, Ho Y H, Chen K Y, Lin H Y, Fang J H, Hsu S H, Lin J R, Wei M K 2008Opt. Exp. 16 21184
[29]	Lin H Y, Ho Y H, Lee J H, Chen K Y, Fang H J, Hsu S C, Wei M K, Lin H Y, Tsai J H, Wu T C 2008 Opt. Exp. 16 11044
[30]	Shiang J J, Duggal A R 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 95 2880
[31]	Shiang J J, Faircloth T J, Duggal A R 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 95 2889
[32]	Riedel B, Hauss J L, Aichholz M, Gall A, Gerken M 2010 Org. Electron. 11 1172
[33]	Bathelt R, Buchhauser D, Garditz C, Paetzold R, Wellmann P 2007 Org. Electron. 8 293
[34]	Yamasaki T, Sumioka T, Tsutsui T 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 1243
[35]	Wang Z Y, Chen Z J, Xiao L X, Gong Q H 2009 Org. Electron. 10 341
[36]	Lu M H, Sturn J C 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 595
[37]	Krams, Holcomb O, Höfler G E, Coman C C, Chen E I, Grillot P, Gardner N F, Chui H C, Huang J W 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 2365
[38]	Gu G, Garbuzov D Z, Burrows P E, Vendakesh S, Forrest S R, Thompson M E 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 396
[39]	Wu C C, Wu C I, Sturm J C, Kahn A 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 1348
[40]	Chen S M, Kwok H S 2010 Opt. Exp. 18 37
[41]	Lee Y J, Kim S H, Huh J, Kim G H, Lee Y H, Cho S H, Kim Y C, Do Y R 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 3779
[42]	Kitamura M, Iwamoto S, Arakawa Y 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 151119
[43]	Jeong 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 47 4566
[44]	Hsu S Y, Lee M C, Lee K L, Wei P K 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 013303
[45]	Jeon S, Kang J W, Park H D, Kim J J, Youn J R, Shim J, Jeong J H, Choi D G, Kim K D, Altun A O, Kim S H, Lee Y H 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 223307
[46]	Cheng Y H, Wu J L, Cheng C H, Syao K C, Lee C M 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 091102
[47]	Slootsky M, Forrest S R 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 163302
[48]	Tsutsui T, Yahiro M, Yokogawa H, Kawano K, Yokoyama M 2001 Adv. Mater. 13 1149
[49]	Köhnen A, Gather M C, Riegel N, Zacharias P, Meerholz K 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 113501
[50]	Peng H J, Ho Y L, Yu X J, Kwok H S 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 1649
[51]	Gruhlke R W, Holl, W R, Hall D G 1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 2838
[52]	Wedge S, Barnes W L 2004 Opt. Exp. 12 3673
[53]	Matterson B, Lupton J F, Safonov A F, Salt M G 2001 Adv. Mater. 13 123
[54]	Giannattasio A, Wedge S, Barnes W L 2003 J. Mod. Optic. 53 10
[55]	Koo W H, Jeong S M, Araoka F, Ishikawa K, Nishimura S, Toyooka T, Takezoe H 2010 Nature Photon. 6 222
[56]	Kim K S, Zhao Y, Jang H, Lee S Y, Kim J M, Kim K S, Ahn J H, Kim P, Choi J Y , Hong B H 2009 Nature 45 7706
[57]	Wei M K, Lin C W, Yang C C, Kiang Y W, Lee J H, Lin H Y 2010 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11 1527
[58]	Boroditsky M, Krauss T F, Coccioli R, Vrijen R, Bhat R , Yablonovitch E 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 5 1036
[59]	Lin H, Liu S, Zhang X S, Liu B L, Ren X C 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 959 ( in Chinese) [林瀚、刘守、张向苏、刘宝林、任雪畅 2009 58 959]
[60]	Zhang B, Wang Z 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1404 ( in Chinese) [张波、王智 2007 56 1404]
[61]	Jeong S M, Ha N Y, Takezoe H, Nishimura S, Suzaki G 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 113101
[62]	Fujita M, Ueno T, Noda S, Noda S, Ohhata H A, Tsuji T 2003 Electron. Lett. 39 212
[63]	Do Y R, Kim Y C, Song Y W , Lee Y H 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 7629
[64]	Liu C, Kamaev V , Vardeny Z V 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 143501
[65]	Do Y R, Kim Y C, Song Y W, Cho C O, Jeon H, Lee Y J, Kim S H , Lee Y H 2003 Adv. Mater. 15 1214
[66]	Lee Y J, Kim S H, Huh J, Kim G H, Lee Y H, Cho S H, Kim Y C , Do Y R 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 3779
[67]	Kim Y C, Cho S H,Lee Y J, Lee H Y , Do Y R 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 173502
[68]	Ishihara K, Fujita M, Matsubara I, Asano T, Noda S, Ohata H, Hirasawa A, Nakada H , Shimoji N 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 111114
[69]	Ji W Y, Zhang L T, Zhang T Y, Liu G Q, Xie W F, Liu S Y, Zhang H Y, Zhang L Y, Li B 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 2703
[70]	Martin D B, Charlton, Lidzey D G, Chalcraft A, Noutsos K, Smith E, Pate N 2010 Opt. Photon. (SPIE), 2nd August, SanDiego USA
[71]	Takada N, Tsutsui T, Saito S 1993 Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 2032
[72]	Bulovic V, Khalfin V B, Garbuzov D Z Burrows P E, Forrest S R 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 3730
[73]	Xiong Z H, Shi H Z, Fan Y L, Zhang S T, Zhan Y Q, He J, Zhong G Y, Xu S H, Liu Y, Wang X J, Wang Z J, Ding X M, Huang W, Hou X Y 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1222 (in Chinese)[熊祖洪、史华忠、樊永良、张松涛、詹义强、何钧、钟高余、徐少辉、柳毅、王晓军、王子君、丁训民、黄维、侯晓远 2003 52 1222]
[74]	Zhang X B, Cao J, Wei F X, Jiang X Y, Zhang Z L, Zhu W Q, Xu S H 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 119 ( in Chinese) [张晓波、曹进、委福祥、蒋雪茵、张志林、朱文清、许少鸿 2006 55 119]
[75]	Cao J, Liu X, Zhang X B, Wei F X, Zhu W Q, Jiang X Y, Zhang Z L, Xu S H 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1088 ( in Chinese) [曹进、刘向、张晓波、委福祥、朱文清、蒋雪茵、张志林、许少鸿 2007 56 1088] 〖76] Cao J, Jiang X Y, Zhang Z L, Zhu W Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3493 (in Chinese) [曹进、蒋雪茵、张志林 2006 物理学报 56 3493] 〖77] Ma S Y, Xiao Y, Chen H 2002 Chin. Phys. 11 960
[76]	Dodabalapur A, Rothberg L J, Miller T, Kwock E W 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 2486
[77]	Du P, Zhang X Q, Sun X B,Yao Z G, Wang Y S 2006 Chin. Phys. 15 1370
[78]	Peng Y Q, Zhang F J, Song C A 2003 Chin. Phys. 12 102
[79]	Dai G Z, Li H J, Pan Y Z, Dai X Y, Ma Q Q 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 2590
[80]	Tsutsui T, Takada N, Saito S, Ogino E 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 1868
[81]	Kim H Y, Cho S H,Oh J R, Lee Y H, Lee J H, Lee J G, Kim S K, Park J W, Do Y R 2010 Org. Electron. 11 137
[82]	Cho S H, Song Y W, Lee J G, Kim Y C, Lee J H, Ha J, Oh J S, Lee S Y, Hwang K H, Zang D S, Lee Y H 2008 Opt. Exp. 16 12632
[83]	Jordan R H, Dodabalapur A, Slusher R E 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 1997
[84]	Ji W Y, Zhang L T, Zhang T Y,Xie W F, Zhang H Z 2010 Org. Electron. 11 202
[85]	Meerheim R, Nitsche R, Leo K 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 043310
[86]	Cho T Y, Lin C L, Wu C C 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 111106
[87]	Wu Z J, Chen S F, Yang S H, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Hou J Y, Liu S Y 2005 Opt. Quant. Electron. 37 371
[88]	Chen S F, Xie E F, Men Y L, Chen P, Zhao Y, Liu S Y 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 054506
[89]	Liu C C, Liu S H, Tien K C, Hsu M H, Chang H W, Chang C K, Yang C J, Wu C C 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 103302
[90]	Chen S F, Zhao Y, Cheng G, Li J, Liu C L, Zhao Z Y, Jie Z H, Liu S Y 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 153517
[91]	Chen S F, Jie Z H, Zhao Z Y, Cheng G, Wu Z J, Zhao Y, Quan B F, Liu S Y, Li X, Xie W F 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 043505
[92]	Neyts K, Vissche 2000 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17 114
[93]	Lim J, Oh S S, Kim D Y, Cho S H, Kim I T, Han S H, Takezoe H, Choi E H, Cho G S, Seo Y H, Kang S O, Park B 2006 Opt. Exp. 14 6564

施引文献

[1]	Tang C W, Van Slyke S A 1987 Appl. Phys. Lett. 51 913
[2]	Gu G, Forrest S R 1998 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 4 83
[3]	Cao G H, Qin D S, Guan M, Cao J S, Zeng Y P, Li J M 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 1911
[4]	Tian R Y, Yang R Q, Peng J B, Cao Y 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 1032
[5]	Nalwa H S, Rohwer L S 2003 ASP Press 1 213
[6]	Nie H, Zhang B, Tang X Z 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 730
[7]	Wei F X, Cao J, Zhang X B, Liu X, Jiang X Y, Zhang Z L, Zhu W Q, Xu S H 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2008 (in Chinese) [委福祥、曹进、张晓波、刘向、蒋雪茵、张志林、许少鸿 2006 55 2008]
[8]	Chen F P, Xu B, Zhao Z J, Tian W J, Lu P, Im Chan 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 037801
[9]	Cao J S, Guan M, Cao G H, Zeng Y P, Li J M, Qin D S 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 2725
[10]	Wei B, Liao Y J, Liu J Z, Lu L, Cao J, Wang J, Zhang J H 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 037105
[11]	Kiran T K, Andrew P M, Martin R B 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 572
[12]	Chang C H, Chen C C, Wua C C, Chang S Y, Hung J Y, Chi Y 2010 Org. Electron. 11 266
[13]	Zhang L J, Hua Y L, Wu X M, Wang Y, Yin S G 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3097
[14]	Lu M H, Sturn J C 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 1927
[15]	Peng Y Q, Zhang F J, Tai X S, He X Y, Zhang X 2002 Chin. Phys. 11 1076
[16]	Madigan C F, Lu M H, Sturm J C 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 1650
[17]	Patel N K, Cinà S, Burroughes J H 2002 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 8 346
[18]	Kim J S, Ho P K H, Greenham N C, Friend R H 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 1073
[19]	Yang C J, Liu S H, Hsieh H H, Cho T Y, Wu C C 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 253508
[20]	Peng H J, Ho Y L, Qiu C F, Wong M, Kwok H S 2004 SID 04 Digest Seattle America May 23—28 2004 p158
[21]	Meller S, Forrest S R 2002 J.Appl. Phys. 91 3324
[22]	Sun Y, Forrest S R 2008 Nature 2 483
[23]	Wei M K, Su I L 2004 Opt. Exp. 12 5777
[24]	Wei M K, Lee J H, Lin H Y, Ho Y H, Chen K Y, Lin C C, Wu C F, Lin H Y, Tsai J H, Wu T C 2008 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 10 055302
[25]	Peng H, Ho Y L, Yu X J, Wong M, Kwok H S 2005 J. Disp. Tech. 1 278
[26]	Chen K Y, Chang Y T, Ho Y H, Lin H Y, Lee J H, Wei M K 2010 Opt. Exp. 18 3238
[27]	We M K, Su I L, Chen Y J, Chang M, Lin H Y, Wu T C 2006 J. Micromech. Microeng. 16 368
[28]	Lee J H, Ho Y H, Chen K Y, Lin H Y, Fang J H, Hsu S H, Lin J R, Wei M K 2008Opt. Exp. 16 21184
[29]	Lin H Y, Ho Y H, Lee J H, Chen K Y, Fang H J, Hsu S C, Wei M K, Lin H Y, Tsai J H, Wu T C 2008 Opt. Exp. 16 11044
[30]	Shiang J J, Duggal A R 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 95 2880
[31]	Shiang J J, Faircloth T J, Duggal A R 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 95 2889
[32]	Riedel B, Hauss J L, Aichholz M, Gall A, Gerken M 2010 Org. Electron. 11 1172
[33]	Bathelt R, Buchhauser D, Garditz C, Paetzold R, Wellmann P 2007 Org. Electron. 8 293
[34]	Yamasaki T, Sumioka T, Tsutsui T 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 1243
[35]	Wang Z Y, Chen Z J, Xiao L X, Gong Q H 2009 Org. Electron. 10 341
[36]	Lu M H, Sturn J C 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 595
[37]	Krams, Holcomb O, Höfler G E, Coman C C, Chen E I, Grillot P, Gardner N F, Chui H C, Huang J W 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 2365
[38]	Gu G, Garbuzov D Z, Burrows P E, Vendakesh S, Forrest S R, Thompson M E 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 396
[39]	Wu C C, Wu C I, Sturm J C, Kahn A 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 1348
[40]	Chen S M, Kwok H S 2010 Opt. Exp. 18 37
[41]	Lee Y J, Kim S H, Huh J, Kim G H, Lee Y H, Cho S H, Kim Y C, Do Y R 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 3779
[42]	Kitamura M, Iwamoto S, Arakawa Y 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 151119
[43]	Jeong 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 47 4566
[44]	Hsu S Y, Lee M C, Lee K L, Wei P K 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 013303
[45]	Jeon S, Kang J W, Park H D, Kim J J, Youn J R, Shim J, Jeong J H, Choi D G, Kim K D, Altun A O, Kim S H, Lee Y H 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 223307
[46]	Cheng Y H, Wu J L, Cheng C H, Syao K C, Lee C M 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 091102
[47]	Slootsky M, Forrest S R 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 163302
[48]	Tsutsui T, Yahiro M, Yokogawa H, Kawano K, Yokoyama M 2001 Adv. Mater. 13 1149
[49]	Köhnen A, Gather M C, Riegel N, Zacharias P, Meerholz K 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 113501
[50]	Peng H J, Ho Y L, Yu X J, Kwok H S 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 1649
[51]	Gruhlke R W, Holl, W R, Hall D G 1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 2838
[52]	Wedge S, Barnes W L 2004 Opt. Exp. 12 3673
[53]	Matterson B, Lupton J F, Safonov A F, Salt M G 2001 Adv. Mater. 13 123
[54]	Giannattasio A, Wedge S, Barnes W L 2003 J. Mod. Optic. 53 10
[55]	Koo W H, Jeong S M, Araoka F, Ishikawa K, Nishimura S, Toyooka T, Takezoe H 2010 Nature Photon. 6 222
[56]	Kim K S, Zhao Y, Jang H, Lee S Y, Kim J M, Kim K S, Ahn J H, Kim P, Choi J Y , Hong B H 2009 Nature 45 7706
[57]	Wei M K, Lin C W, Yang C C, Kiang Y W, Lee J H, Lin H Y 2010 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11 1527
[58]	Boroditsky M, Krauss T F, Coccioli R, Vrijen R, Bhat R , Yablonovitch E 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 5 1036
[59]	Lin H, Liu S, Zhang X S, Liu B L, Ren X C 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 959 ( in Chinese) [林瀚、刘守、张向苏、刘宝林、任雪畅 2009 58 959]
[60]	Zhang B, Wang Z 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1404 ( in Chinese) [张波、王智 2007 56 1404]
[61]	Jeong S M, Ha N Y, Takezoe H, Nishimura S, Suzaki G 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 113101
[62]	Fujita M, Ueno T, Noda S, Noda S, Ohhata H A, Tsuji T 2003 Electron. Lett. 39 212
[63]	Do Y R, Kim Y C, Song Y W , Lee Y H 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 7629
[64]	Liu C, Kamaev V , Vardeny Z V 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 143501
[65]	Do Y R, Kim Y C, Song Y W, Cho C O, Jeon H, Lee Y J, Kim S H , Lee Y H 2003 Adv. Mater. 15 1214
[66]	Lee Y J, Kim S H, Huh J, Kim G H, Lee Y H, Cho S H, Kim Y C , Do Y R 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 3779
[67]	Kim Y C, Cho S H,Lee Y J, Lee H Y , Do Y R 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 173502
[68]	Ishihara K, Fujita M, Matsubara I, Asano T, Noda S, Ohata H, Hirasawa A, Nakada H , Shimoji N 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 111114
[69]	Ji W Y, Zhang L T, Zhang T Y, Liu G Q, Xie W F, Liu S Y, Zhang H Y, Zhang L Y, Li B 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 2703
[70]	Martin D B, Charlton, Lidzey D G, Chalcraft A, Noutsos K, Smith E, Pate N 2010 Opt. Photon. (SPIE), 2nd August, SanDiego USA
[71]	Takada N, Tsutsui T, Saito S 1993 Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 2032
[72]	Bulovic V, Khalfin V B, Garbuzov D Z Burrows P E, Forrest S R 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 3730
[73]	Xiong Z H, Shi H Z, Fan Y L, Zhang S T, Zhan Y Q, He J, Zhong G Y, Xu S H, Liu Y, Wang X J, Wang Z J, Ding X M, Huang W, Hou X Y 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1222 (in Chinese)[熊祖洪、史华忠、樊永良、张松涛、詹义强、何钧、钟高余、徐少辉、柳毅、王晓军、王子君、丁训民、黄维、侯晓远 2003 52 1222]
[74]	Zhang X B, Cao J, Wei F X, Jiang X Y, Zhang Z L, Zhu W Q, Xu S H 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 119 ( in Chinese) [张晓波、曹进、委福祥、蒋雪茵、张志林、朱文清、许少鸿 2006 55 119]
[75]	Cao J, Liu X, Zhang X B, Wei F X, Zhu W Q, Jiang X Y, Zhang Z L, Xu S H 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1088 ( in Chinese) [曹进、刘向、张晓波、委福祥、朱文清、蒋雪茵、张志林、许少鸿 2007 56 1088] 〖76] Cao J, Jiang X Y, Zhang Z L, Zhu W Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3493 (in Chinese) [曹进、蒋雪茵、张志林 2006 物理学报 56 3493] 〖77] Ma S Y, Xiao Y, Chen H 2002 Chin. Phys. 11 960
[76]	Dodabalapur A, Rothberg L J, Miller T, Kwock E W 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 2486
[77]	Du P, Zhang X Q, Sun X B,Yao Z G, Wang Y S 2006 Chin. Phys. 15 1370
[78]	Peng Y Q, Zhang F J, Song C A 2003 Chin. Phys. 12 102
[79]	Dai G Z, Li H J, Pan Y Z, Dai X Y, Ma Q Q 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 2590
[80]	Tsutsui T, Takada N, Saito S, Ogino E 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 1868
[81]	Kim H Y, Cho S H,Oh J R, Lee Y H, Lee J H, Lee J G, Kim S K, Park J W, Do Y R 2010 Org. Electron. 11 137
[82]	Cho S H, Song Y W, Lee J G, Kim Y C, Lee J H, Ha J, Oh J S, Lee S Y, Hwang K H, Zang D S, Lee Y H 2008 Opt. Exp. 16 12632
[83]	Jordan R H, Dodabalapur A, Slusher R E 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 1997
[84]	Ji W Y, Zhang L T, Zhang T Y,Xie W F, Zhang H Z 2010 Org. Electron. 11 202
[85]	Meerheim R, Nitsche R, Leo K 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 043310
[86]	Cho T Y, Lin C L, Wu C C 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 111106
[87]	Wu Z J, Chen S F, Yang S H, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Hou J Y, Liu S Y 2005 Opt. Quant. Electron. 37 371
[88]	Chen S F, Xie E F, Men Y L, Chen P, Zhao Y, Liu S Y 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 054506
[89]	Liu C C, Liu S H, Tien K C, Hsu M H, Chang H W, Chang C K, Yang C J, Wu C C 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 103302
[90]	Chen S F, Zhao Y, Cheng G, Li J, Liu C L, Zhao Z Y, Jie Z H, Liu S Y 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 153517
[91]	Chen S F, Jie Z H, Zhao Z Y, Cheng G, Wu Z J, Zhao Y, Quan B F, Liu S Y, Li X, Xie W F 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 043505
[92]	Neyts K, Vissche 2000 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17 114
[93]	Lim J, Oh S S, Kim D Y, Cho S H, Kim I T, Han S H, Takezoe H, Choi E H, Cho G S, Seo Y H, Kang S O, Park B 2006 Opt. Exp. 14 6564

[1]	彭腾, 王辉耀, 赵茜, 刘俊宏, 汪波, 王晶晶, 周银琼, 张可怡, 杨俊, 熊祖洪. 电子注入层迁移率对Rubrene/C₆₀基发光二极管半带隙开启电压的调控. , 2024, 73(21): 217202. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240864
[2]	刘举, 曹一伟, 吕全江, 杨天鹏, 米亭亭, 王小文, 刘军林. 超晶格电子阻挡层周期数对AlGaN基深紫外发光二极管性能的影响. , 2024, 73(12): 128503. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231969
[3]	任兴, 于宏宇, 张勇. 基于BCPO发光材料近紫外有机发光二极管的电致发光效率与稳定性. , 2024, 73(4): 047801. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231301
[4]	保希, 关云霞, 李万娇, 宋家一, 陈丽佳, 徐爽, 彭柯敖, 牛连斌. 载流子阶梯效应调控有机发光二极管三线态激子的解离和散射. , 2023, 72(21): 217101. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230851
[5]	孟婧, 高博文. 新型高效率和高稳定性钙钛矿/有机集成太阳电池光伏性能研究. , 2023, 72(1): 018802. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221120
[6]	成燕琴, 徐娟娟, 王有娣, 黎卓熹, 陈江山. 一种苯乙烯基喹啉衍生物的稳态和瞬态光电性质. , 2022, 71(1): 018501. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211171
[7]	刘萌娇, 张新稳, 王炯, 秦雅博, 陈月花, 黄维. 非周期微纳结构增强有机发光二极管光耦合输出的研究进展. , 2018, 67(20): 207801. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181209
[8]	张雅男, 王俊锋. 利用发光层梯度掺杂改善顶发射白光有机发光二极管光谱的稳定性. , 2015, 64(9): 097801. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.097801
[9]	黄迪, 徐征, 赵谡玲. 使用PTB7作为阳极修饰层提高有机发光二极管的性能. , 2014, 63(2): 027301. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.027301
[10]	刘佰全, 兰林锋, 邹建华, 彭俊彪. 具有新型双空穴注入层的有机发光二极管. , 2013, 62(8): 087302. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.087302
[11]	张勇, 刘亚莉, 焦威, 陈林, 熊祖洪. 有机发光器件的磁电导效应. , 2012, 61(11): 117106. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.117106
[12]	焦威, 雷衍连, 张巧明, 刘亚莉, 陈林, 游胤涛, 熊祖洪. 有机发光二极管的光致磁电导效应. , 2012, 61(18): 187305. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.187305
[13]	刘南柳, 艾娜, 胡典钢, 余树福, 彭俊彪, 曹镛, 王坚. 旋涂方式对有机发光显示屏发光均匀性及性能的影响. , 2011, 60(8): 087805. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.087805
[14]	马凤英, 苏建坡, 郭茂田, 池泉, 陈明, 余振芳. 微腔面发射器件外量子效率研究. , 2011, 60(6): 064203. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.064203
[15]	程萍, 高峰, 陈向东, 杨继平. 偏置电场对聚对苯乙烯激发态弛豫特性的影响. , 2010, 59(4): 2831-2835. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.2831
[16]	张勇, 刘荣, 雷衍连, 陈平, 张巧明, 熊祖洪. 基于Alq3的有机发光二极管的磁电导效应. , 2010, 59(8): 5817-5822. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.5817
[17]	林瀚, 刘守, 张向苏, 刘宝林, 任雪畅. 全息技术制作二维光子晶体蓝宝石衬底提高发光二极管外量子效率. , 2009, 58(2): 959-963. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.959
[18]	张秀龙, 杨盛谊, 娄志东, 侯延冰. 有机电致发光器件的动态电学特性. , 2007, 56(3): 1632-1636. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.1632
[19]	王军, 魏孝强, 饶海波, 成建波, 蒋亚东. 基于铱配合物材料的高效高稳定性有机发光二极管. , 2007, 56(2): 1156-1161. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.1156
[20]	许雪梅, 彭景翠, 李宏建, 瞿述, 赵楚军, 罗小华. 有机层界面对双层有机发光二极管复合效率的影响. , 2004, 53(1): 286-290. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.286

计量

文章访问数: 9939
PDF下载量: 1122
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

搜索

留言板