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新一代反应堆对运行效率和安全性提出了更高的需求, 迫切需要更精确的非弹性散射截面数据. 不锈钢作为关键结构材料, 其中关键元素铬的非弹性散射截面的实验测量在国内仍处于空白, 同时国外的测量结果分歧较大, 严重限制了核反应堆计算的准确性. 在中国原子能科学研究院的HI-13串列加速器, 利用瞬发γ射线测量法, 在国内首次测量得到647.47 keV, 935.54 keV, 1333.65 keV, 1434.07 keV和1530.67 keV五条非弹γ的实验产生截面, 获得了三个能量(5.62 MeV, 6.24 MeV和7.95 MeV)的中子轰击52Cr的非弹散射截面实验结果. 同时, 利用理论模型计算了能量小于20 MeV的中子与52Cr的非弹性散射截面. 结果表明, 三个中子能点得到的γ产生截面与Mihailescu等的结果[Mihailescu L C, Borcea C, Koning A J, Plompen A J M 2007 Nucl. Phys. A 799 1]在误差范围内吻合, 且不确定度更小, 实验测量数据支持Mihailescu等的结果. 理论模型计算与实验数据有较大差异, 可能来源于52Cr能级纲图的高激发态部分的实验信息缺失.With the development of next-generation reactors, the demand for higher precision in nuclear data has increased significantly to ensure operational efficiency and safety. Especially, inelastic scattering cross-section is one of the key parameters in nuclear reactor physics calculations, which directly affects neutron economy, thermal-hydraulic design, and safety analysis. Stainless steel is widely used in the nuclear industry. Chromium (Cr) is one of the main alloying elements in stainless steel, and 52Cr is the most abundant isotope in nature. However, the measurement of the inelastic scattering cross-section of 52Cr has not been explored in China, so the study of the 52Cr (n, n′ γ) reaction cross-section is crucial for nuclear reactor calculations. In this study, the neutron beams with energies of 5.62, 6.24, and 7.95 MeV via the D (d, n) 3He reaction are generated from the HI-13 tandem accelerator at the Institute of Atomic Energy in China. These neutrons are used to bombard a 52Cr target. Four CLOVER detectors are located at 30°, 70°, 110° and 150° relative to the beam direction in the horizontal plane. The prompt γ-ray method is used to measure the inelastic scattering cross-section by using an HPGe detector array. This is the first time that the cross-sections of five inelastic γ-rays with energies of 647.47 keV, 935.54 keV, 1333.65 keV, 1434.07 keV and 1530.67 keV have been obtained experimentally in China. Additionally, theoretical model calculations are performed to determine the inelastic scattering cross-sections of neutrons with energies below 20 MeV interacting with 52Cr. In the analysis of the experimental data, γ-ray self-absorption correction, neutron flux attenuation and multiple scattering correction are considered. The total experimental uncertainty includes the measurement uncertainty, correction term uncertainty, and standard cross-section uncertainty. The results show that the γ-ray production cross-sections obtained at the three neutron energy points are in good agreement with the data measured by Mihailescu et al. [Mihailescu L C, Borcea C, Koning A J, Plompen A J M 2007 Nucl. Phys. A 799 1] within the error margins, and the uncertainties are smaller. However, significant discrepancies are observed between the theoretical model calculations and the experimental data, which may be attributed to the lack of experimental information about the high-excitation-energy levels in the 52Cr level scheme. This study not only fills a gap in the measurement of the 52Cr inelastic scattering cross-section but also provides important nuclear data for designing and optimizing the next-generation reactors.
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Keywords:
- neutron inelastic scattering /
- gamma production cross-section /
- prompt γray method /
- high purity germanium detector
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图 2 4个角度下测量52Cr(n, n′ γ)截面的CLOVER探测器阵列立体图
Fig. 2. The 3 D schematic of the CLOVER detector array for measuring the cross section of 52Cr (n, n′ γ) at 4 detection angles.
图 6 52Cr (n, n′ γ)环境本底和用7.95 MeV入射中子在110°角度下得到的在束本底
Fig. 6. 52Cr (n, n′ γ) Background obtained with the room and 7.95 MeV incident neutron at a detection angle of 110°.
图 8 五个能量特征γ峰的产生截面 (a) 647.47 keV; (b) 935.54 keV; (c) 1333.65 keV; (d) 1434.07 keV; (e) 1530.67 keV
Fig. 8. Production cross sections of the five energy characteristic γ peaks: (a) 647.47 keV; (b) 935.54 keV; (c) 1333.65 keV; (d) 1434.07 keV; (e) 1530.67 keV.
表 1 文献中(EXFOR)部分(n, n′ γ)反应截面测量汇总[6]
Table 1. Summary of the main characteristics of (n, n′ γ) cross section measurements from the literature (EXFOR) [6].
作者(年份) 实验设施 探测器 入射中子能量范围/MeV D.W.Van Patter(1962) Van de Graaff NaI 0.98—3.31 F.Voss et al.(1975) Isochronous cyclotron Ge(Li) 0.5—10 Olsen et al.(1975) Van de Graaff Ge(Li) 3—6 A. A. Lychagin et al.(1988) Cockcroft-Walton accelerator NaI 14.1 S.P.Simakov(1992) Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) NaI 14.1 L.C. Mihailescu(2007) Linear accelerator EC Joint Research Centre, Geel 2 large volumn HPGe 非弹反应阈值—18 D.N.Grozdanov(2020) TANGRA setup on the basis of ING-27 neutron generator Silicon detector, BGO, HPGe 14.1 
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表 2 不确定度来源
Table 2. Sources of uncertainty.
符号 不确定度来源 数值/% ΔN 统计 3.5 Δn 中子注量率 3.0 Δm 样品定量 0.2 Δε 探测效率 1.5 Δc 修正项 3.0 Δσ 标准截面 3.0 Δtot 总不确定度 6.5
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