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朗道费米液体理论和金兹堡-朗道相变理论是传统凝聚态物理两座重要的基石, 在处理BCS超导体和液氦超流体的形成机制等重要物理问题中取得了巨大成功. 然而, 以20世纪80年代量子霍尔效应和高温超导的发现为开端, 人们逐渐认识到, 对于一大类新的量子态, 比如分数量子霍尔态和量子自旋液体, 其性质超越了朗道费米液体理论和金兹堡-朗道相变理论. 拓扑序及其所具有的长程多体量子纠缠和分数化激发成为我们理解这些奇异量子态的关键概念. 在量子材料和量子模拟系统中设计并寻找具有拓扑序的物态、探测并操控其分数化激发是当代凝聚态物理重要的研究方向. 近期, 在里德伯原子体系、超导量子处理器和二维摩尔超晶格等具有高度可调控性的量子实验平台中, 拓扑序的量子模拟和操控得到了快速发展并取得了重要成果. 本文将简要论述拓扑序在传统凝聚态材料体系和量子模拟体系中最近的研究进展和挑战, 并对该领域未来可能的发展方向做出展望.The Landau Fermi liquid theory and the Ginzburg-Landau phase transition theory stand as two pivotal cornerstones in traditional condensed matter physics, achieving significant success in addressing crucial physical phenomena such as BCS superconductors and liquid helium superfluids. However, marked by the discoveries of the quantum Hall effect and high-temperature superconductivity in the 1980s, it gradually became evident that for a broad class of novel quantum states, such as fractional quantum Hall states and quantum spin liquids, their properties transcend the Landau Fermi liquid theory and Ginzburg-Landau phase transition theory. Topological order and its related concepts of long-range many-body quantum entanglement and fractionalized excitation have become the key concepts to understand these exotic quantum states. Designing and identifying topologically ordered states of matter in quantum materials and quantum simulation systems, and probing and manipulating their fractionalized excitations, are important research directions in modern condensed matter physics. In recent years, great progress has been made in the quantum simulation and manipulation of topological order on highly controllable quantum simulation platforms, such as Rydberg atomic systems, superconducting quantum processors, and two-dimensional moiré superlattices. This article provides a brief overview of recent research advances and challenges in the study of topological order in traditional condensed matter systems and quantum simulation experimental platforms. It also provides prospects for the future developments of this field.
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Keywords:
- topological order /
- long-range many-body quantum entanglement /
- fractionalized excitations
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