基于平行平板电极的非球面双液体透镜的仿真与实验分析

孔梅梅; 董媛; 徐春生; 刘悦; 薛银燕; 潘世成; 赵瑞

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230994

摘要

应用介电泳原理, 设计了一种基于平行平板电极的非球面双液体透镜, 具有结构简单和易于实现的优点. 利用Comsol, Matlab和Zemax软件, 建立了相应的非球面双液体透镜光学模型, 仿真分析了其在不同电压下的焦距变化及成像特性, 并与球面双液体透镜模型进行了比较分析. 非球面双液体透镜的变焦范围大于球面的, 前者的成像质量亦优于后者. 而且, 实验制备了该非球面双液体透镜器件, 结果表明, 在工作电压为0—280 V时, 焦距变化为54.2391—34.5855 mm, 与仿真结果基本相符, 而且该器件的成像分辨率最大可达45.255 lp/mm.

关键词:

Abstract

According to the principle of dielectrophoresis, an aspherical double-liquid lens based on parallel plate electrodes is designed. In comparison with the liquid lenses based on patterned-electrodes, the aspherical double-liquid lens structure uses continuous electrodes, which have the advantages of simpler processing, lower cost, easier realization and more practicability. The droplet in the dielectric electrophoretic liquid lens is polarized in the electric field and moves towards the higher electric field intensity under the action of the dielectrophoretic force. With the change of applied voltage, the dielectrophoretic force varies, thus the contact angle of the droplet at the liquid-liquid interface is changed. Firstly, the models of aspherical double-liquid lenses under different voltages are established with Comsol software, and the data of interfacial profile are derived. Then using Matlab software, the derived interface surface data are fitted by polynomial, and the aspherical coefficients are obtained. Finally, the optical models are built with Zemax software, and the variation range of focal length and root mean square (RMS) radius of aspherical double-liquid lens under different voltages are analyzed. In order to further study the characteristics of aspherical double-liquid lens, it is compared with spherical double-liquid lens model. The liquid material, cavity structure and droplet volume of spherical double-liquid lens are consistent with those of aspherical double-liquid lens. The corresponding spherical double-liquid lens model is established by using the Zemax software, the range of focal length and RMS radius of spherical double-liquid lens under different voltages are obtained. The results show that the focal length variation range of aspherical double-liquid lens is larger than that of spherical double-liquid lens, and the imaging quality of the former is better than that of the latter. The experimental preparation of the designed aspherical double-liquid lens device is carried out, and its focal length and imaging resolution are measured. When the operating voltage is in a range of 0–280 V, the focal length varies from 54.2391 to 34.5855 mm, which is basically consistent with the simulation result. The feasibility of the liquid lens structure is verified experimentally. The imaging resolution can reach 45.255 lp/mm. The designed aspherical double-liquid lens based on the parallel plate electrode can provide a new scheme for the high-quality imaging of liquid lens and its application, and can expand the application scope of liquid lens.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南京邮电大学电子与光学工程学院、柔性电子(未来技术)学院, 南京　210023

2.
南京南瑞信息通信科技有限公司, 南京　211100

通信作者: 孔梅梅, kongmm@njupt.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61905117, 61775102)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

2.
NARI Information & Communication Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211100, China

Corresponding author: Kong Mei-Mei, kongmm@njupt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61905117, 61775102).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Sim J H, Kim J, Kim C, Shin D, Lee J, Koo G, Jung G S, Won Y H 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 15416 Google Scholar
[2]	Cai H, Poon A W 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 2855 Google Scholar
[3]	Seo S W, Han S, Seo J H, Kim Y M, Kang M S, Min N K, Choi W B, Sung M Y 2009 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48 052404 Google Scholar
[4]	López C A, Lee C C, Hirsa A H 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 134102 Google Scholar
[5]	Ashtiani A O, Jiang H 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 111101 Google Scholar
[6]	Zhao P, Ataman C, Zappe H 2015 Opt. Express 23 21264 Google Scholar
[7]	Mishra K, Murade C, Carreel B, Roghair I, Oh J M, Manukyan G, Van Den Ende D, Mugele F 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6378 Google Scholar
[8]	Li L, Wang J H, Wang Q H, Wu S T 2018 Opt. Express 26 25839 Google Scholar
[9]	Jin B, Xu M, Ren H, Wang Q H 2014 Opt. Express 22 31041 Google Scholar
[10]	Xu M, Xu D, Ren H, Yoo I S, Wang Q H 2014 J. Opt. 16 105601 Google Scholar
[11]	Wang J H, Zhou X, Luo L, Yuan R Y, Wang Q H 2019 Opt. Commun. 445 56 Google Scholar
[12]	Zhang C Y, Li L, Wang Q H 2017 J. Soc. Inf. Display 25 331 Google Scholar
[13]	Hung K Y, Tseng F G, Liao T H 2008 J. Microelectromech. Syst. 17 370 Google Scholar
[14]	Yu H, Zhou G, Leung H M, Chau F S 2010 Opt. Express 18 9945 Google Scholar
[15]	Mishra K, Mugele F 2016 Opt. Express 24 14672 Google Scholar
[16]	Lima N C, Mishra K, Mugele F 2017 Opt. Express 25 6700 Google Scholar
[17]	Mishra K, Narayanan A, Mugele F 2019 Opt. Express 27 17601 Google Scholar
[18]	Chen Q, Tong X, Zhu Y, Tsoi C C, Jia Y, Li Z, Zhang X 2020 Lab Chip 20 995 Google Scholar
[19]	Kong M M, Zhu L F, Chen D, Liang Z C, Zhao R, Xu E M 2016 J. Opt. Soc. Korea 20 427 Google Scholar
[20]	Kong M M, Chen X, Yuan Y, Zhao R, Chen T, Liang Z C 2019 Curr. Opt. Photonics 3 177 Google Scholar
[21]	Wu S T, Ren H 2012 Introduction to adaptive lenses (Hoboken: Willey) pp148–108
[22]	孔梅梅, 潘世成, 袁东, 孙小波, 薛银燕, 赵瑞, 陈陶 2023 激光与光电子学进展 60 192202 Google Scholar Kong M M, Pan S C, Yuan D, Sun X B, Xue Y Y, Zhao R, Chen T 2023 Laser Optoelectron. Progr. 60 192202 Google Scholar
[23]	孔梅梅, 刘悦, 董媛, 薛银燕, 潘世成, 赵瑞 2023 72 154206 Google Scholar Kong M M, Liu Y, Dong Y, Xue Y Y, Pan S C, Zhao R 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 154206 Google Scholar
[24]	梁丹 2022 硕士学位论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学) Liang D 2022 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
[25]	Ren H, Xianyu H, Xu S, Wu S T 2008 Opt. Express 16 14954 Google Scholar
[26]	Xu M, Liu Y T, Yuan Y, Lu H B, Qiu L Z 2022 Opt. Lett. 47 509 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 液体透镜参数设置示意图

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of parameter setting of the liquid lens.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于平行平板电极的非球面双液体透镜的结构原理示意图

Fig. 2. Structural principle diagram of the aspherical double-liquid lens based on parallel plate electrode.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 利用软件进行非球面双液体透镜建模的仿真流程图

Fig. 3. Simulation flow chart of aspherical double-liquid lens modeling with softwares.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 Comsol中的非球面双液体透镜模型　(a) 立体斜视图; (b) 电场线分布图(40 V)

Fig. 4. A spherical double-liquid lens model in Comsol: (a) Stereoscopic oblique view; (b) electric field line distribution diagram (40 V).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 利用Matlab拟合的280 V电压下的界面面型图

Fig. 5. Surface diagrams of interfaces fitted with Matlab under the voltage of 280 V.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 同一电压(320 V)非球面和球面双液体透镜的光路图　(a) 非球面双液体透镜; (b) 球面双液体透镜

Fig. 6. Optical path diagrams of aspherical and spherical double-liquid lenses surface at 320 V: (a) Aspherical double-liquid lens; (b) spherical double-liquid lens.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同电压下非球面与球面双液体透镜的焦距对比图

Fig. 7. Comparison of focal lengths between aspherical and spherical double-liquid lenses at different voltages.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同电压下非球面与球面双液体透镜的成像点列图中RMS半径的对比

Fig. 8. Comparison of RMS radius of spot diagrams of aspherical and spherical double-liquid lenses at different voltages.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 制备的基于平行平板电极的非球面双液体透镜实物图

Fig. 9. Actual image of prepared aspheric double-liquid lens based on parallel plate electrode.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 放大率法焦距测量原理　(a) 焦距测量原理; (b) 玻罗分划线

Fig. 10. Magnification method focal length measurement principle: (a) Principle of focal length measurement; (b) the Porro dividing line.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 不同电压下仿真与实验测得的焦距对比图

Fig. 11. Comparison of focal length measured by simulation and experiment at different voltages.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 不同状态下非球面双液体透镜的分辨率图　(a) 0 V; (b) 280 V

Fig. 12. Resolution of aspherical double-liquid lens in different states: (a) 0 V; (b) 280 V.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同工作电压下面型拟合精度(R-Square值)

Table 1. Precision of surface fitting under different working voltages (R-Square value).

电压/V R-Square值

0 0.9998
40 0.9998
80 0.9998
120 0.9998
160 0.9997
200 0.9996
240 0.9993
280 0.9987
320 0.9968

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Sim J H, Kim J, Kim C, Shin D, Lee J, Koo G, Jung G S, Won Y H 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 15416 Google Scholar
[2]	Cai H, Poon A W 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 2855 Google Scholar
[3]	Seo S W, Han S, Seo J H, Kim Y M, Kang M S, Min N K, Choi W B, Sung M Y 2009 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48 052404 Google Scholar
[4]	López C A, Lee C C, Hirsa A H 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 134102 Google Scholar
[5]	Ashtiani A O, Jiang H 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 111101 Google Scholar
[6]	Zhao P, Ataman C, Zappe H 2015 Opt. Express 23 21264 Google Scholar
[7]	Mishra K, Murade C, Carreel B, Roghair I, Oh J M, Manukyan G, Van Den Ende D, Mugele F 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6378 Google Scholar
[8]	Li L, Wang J H, Wang Q H, Wu S T 2018 Opt. Express 26 25839 Google Scholar
[9]	Jin B, Xu M, Ren H, Wang Q H 2014 Opt. Express 22 31041 Google Scholar
[10]	Xu M, Xu D, Ren H, Yoo I S, Wang Q H 2014 J. Opt. 16 105601 Google Scholar
[11]	Wang J H, Zhou X, Luo L, Yuan R Y, Wang Q H 2019 Opt. Commun. 445 56 Google Scholar
[12]	Zhang C Y, Li L, Wang Q H 2017 J. Soc. Inf. Display 25 331 Google Scholar
[13]	Hung K Y, Tseng F G, Liao T H 2008 J. Microelectromech. Syst. 17 370 Google Scholar
[14]	Yu H, Zhou G, Leung H M, Chau F S 2010 Opt. Express 18 9945 Google Scholar
[15]	Mishra K, Mugele F 2016 Opt. Express 24 14672 Google Scholar
[16]	Lima N C, Mishra K, Mugele F 2017 Opt. Express 25 6700 Google Scholar
[17]	Mishra K, Narayanan A, Mugele F 2019 Opt. Express 27 17601 Google Scholar
[18]	Chen Q, Tong X, Zhu Y, Tsoi C C, Jia Y, Li Z, Zhang X 2020 Lab Chip 20 995 Google Scholar
[19]	Kong M M, Zhu L F, Chen D, Liang Z C, Zhao R, Xu E M 2016 J. Opt. Soc. Korea 20 427 Google Scholar
[20]	Kong M M, Chen X, Yuan Y, Zhao R, Chen T, Liang Z C 2019 Curr. Opt. Photonics 3 177 Google Scholar
[21]	Wu S T, Ren H 2012 Introduction to adaptive lenses (Hoboken: Willey) pp148–108
[22]	孔梅梅, 潘世成, 袁东, 孙小波, 薛银燕, 赵瑞, 陈陶 2023 激光与光电子学进展 60 192202 Google Scholar Kong M M, Pan S C, Yuan D, Sun X B, Xue Y Y, Zhao R, Chen T 2023 Laser Optoelectron. Progr. 60 192202 Google Scholar
[23]	孔梅梅, 刘悦, 董媛, 薛银燕, 潘世成, 赵瑞 2023 72 154206 Google Scholar Kong M M, Liu Y, Dong Y, Xue Y Y, Pan S C, Zhao R 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 154206 Google Scholar
[24]	梁丹 2022 硕士学位论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学) Liang D 2022 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
[25]	Ren H, Xianyu H, Xu S, Wu S T 2008 Opt. Express 16 14954 Google Scholar
[26]	Xu M, Liu Y T, Yuan Y, Lu H B, Qiu L Z 2022 Opt. Lett. 47 509 Google Scholar

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基于平行平板电极的非球面双液体透镜的仿真与实验分析