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激光外差辐射计具备成本低、体积小、光谱分辨率高等优势, 可扩展现有的地面碳测量网络, 验证卫星观测结果, 并能在卫星观测区域外提供数据覆盖. 本文在现有的激光外差辐射计的基础上, 报道了基于掺铒光纤放大器的可实现本振光功率锁定的近红外激光外差辐射计原型机. 该激光外差辐射计利用一个中心波长为1.603 μm的分布反馈式半导体激光器作为本振光源, 采用掺铒光纤放大器放大本振光功率, 并利用自动功率控制电路实现掺铒光纤放大器输出端光功率的锁定, 消除了由本振光功率变化引起的基线斜率, 从而实现免基线拟合的整层大气透过率谱的测量. 详细评估了基于掺铒光纤放大器的高度集成化的激光外差辐射计的仪器性能, 并在合肥市科学岛(31.9°N, 117.2°E)地区进行了整层大气CO2透过率谱的测量. 在一天的测量时间内得到6组大气CO2透过率谱, 与大气辐射模型模拟结果进行比对, 测量结果一致. 实验结果表明, 掺铒光纤放大器的应用可以提高激光外差辐射计的性能, 优化其结构, 进而为实现无人值守的长期大气CO2浓度观测和构建全面的碳观测网络提供仪器设备的补充.Laser heterodyne radiometer has the advantages of low cost, small size, and high spectral resolution. It can expand the existing ground carbon measurement network, verify satellite observation results, and provide data coverage outside the satellite observation area. Using the existing laser heterodyne radiometer, is presented a prototype of near-infrared laser heterodyne radiometer based on the erbium-doped fiber amplifier that can realize local oscillator power locking. In the laser heterodyne radiometer a distributed feedback semiconductor laser with a center wavelength of 1.603 μm is used as a local oscillator light source. The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to enhance the local oscillator power, and the automatic power control circuit is adopted to lock the output optical power of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The baseline slope caused by the change of the local oscillator power is eliminated, and the whole layer atmospheric transmittance spectrum without baseline fitting is measured. The instrument performance of a highly integrated laser heterodyne radiometer based on an erbium-doped fiber amplifier is evaluated in detail, and the atmospheric CO2 transmittance spectrum is measured in the Science Island (31.9°N, 117.2°E) of Hefei. Six groups of atmospheric CO2 transmittance spectra are obtained during the measurement period of one day, which are compared with the simulation results from an atmospheric radiation model, showing that they are consistent with each other. The experimental results show that the application of erbium-doped fiber amplifier can improve the performance of laser heterodyne radiometer, optimize its structure, and provide equipment supplement for realizing unattended long-term atmospheric CO2 concentration observation and building a comprehensive carbon observation network.
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Keywords:
- laser heterodyne /
- optical design /
- erbium doped fiber amplifier /
- high resolution spectroscopy
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图 1 激光外差辐射计结构示意图. DL, 半导体激光器; EDFA, 掺铒光纤放大器; DFB, 分布反馈式半导体激光器; PD, 光电探测器; Amp, 放大器; Schottky diode, 肖特基二极管
Fig. 1. Structure diagram of laser heterodyne radiometer. DL, diode lasers; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; DFB, distributed feedback; PD, photodetector; Amp, Amplifier.
图 3 EDFA原理图、实物图及激光器输出功率变化图 (a) EDFA原理图(ISO, 光隔离器; EDF, 掺铒光纤; WDM, 波分复用器); (b) EDFA实物图; (c) 激光功率(红色实线), 经自动功率控制锁定后的EDFA输出功率(黑色实线)
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram and physical diagram of EDFA, and power variation diagram of laser: (a) The schematic diagram of EDFA (ISO, isolator; EDF, erbium-doped fiber; WDM, wavelength division multiplexer); (b) the physical diagram of EDFA; (c) laser power (red solid line), output power of EDFA locked by automatic power control (black solid line).
图 6 激光波数及稳定性分析 (a) 激光波数实际值(黑色曲线)与设定值(红色曲线); (b) 激光波数稳定性
Fig. 6. Laser wavenumber and stability analysis: (a) The actual value of laser wavenumber (black curve) and the set value (red curve); (b) laser wavenumber stability.
图 7 外差信号原始数据及艾伦方差曲线函数 (a) 外差信号原始数据; (b) 艾伦方差曲线函数
Fig. 7. Original data of heterodyne signal and Allen variance curve function: (a) The original data of heterodyne signal; (b) Allen variance curve function
图 9 使用EDFA前(a)后(b)外差信号及基线变化
Fig. 9. Heterodyne signal and baseline changes before (a) and after (b) using EDFA.
图 11 实测大气CO2透过率谱与大气辐射模型模拟结果比较 (a) 大气辐射模型模拟结果; (b)实测大气CO2透过率谱
Fig. 11. Comparison between the measured atmospheric transmittance spectrum of CO2 and the simulation results of atmospheric radiation model: (a) The simulation results of atmospheric radiation model; (b) the measured atmospheric transmittance spectrum of CO2.
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[1] 查玲玲, 王薇, 谢宇, 单昌功, 曾祥昱, 孙友文, 殷昊, 胡启后 2022 光谱学与光谱分析 42 1036
Google Scholar
Cha L L, Wang W, Xie Y, Shan C G, Zeng X Y, Sun Y W, Yin H, Hu Q H 2022 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 42 1036
Google Scholar
[2] Wang J, Sun C, Wang G, Zou M, Tan T, Liu K, Chen W, Gao X 2020 Opt. Lasers. Eng. 129 106083
Google Scholar
[3] Wang J, Wang G, Tan T, Zhu G, Sun C, Cao Z, Chen W, Gao X 2019 Opt. Express. 27 9610
Google Scholar
[4] 李竣, 薛正跃, 刘笑海, 王晶晶, 王贵师, 刘锟, 高晓明, 谈图 2022 71 074204
Google Scholar
Li J, Xue Z Y, Liu X H, Wang J J, Wang G S, Liu K, Gao X M, Tan T 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 074204
Google Scholar
[5] Lu X, Huang Y, Wu P, Liu D, Ma H, Wang G, Cao Z 2022 Remote Sens. 14 1489
Google Scholar
[6] 薛正跃, 李竣, 刘笑海, 王晶晶, 高晓明, 谈图 2021 70 217801
Google Scholar
Xue Z Y, Li J, Liu X H, Wang J J, Gao X M, Tan T 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 217801
Google Scholar
[7] Deng H, Li R, Liu H, He Y, Yang C, Li X, Xu Z, Kan R 2022 Opt. Lett. 47 4335
Google Scholar
[8] Sappey A, Masterson B, Howell J 2021 Appl. Opt. 61 2697
Google Scholar
[9] 卢兴吉, 曹振松, 谈图, 黄印博, 高晓明, 饶瑞中 2019 68 064208
Google Scholar
Lu X J, Cao Z S, Tan T, Huang Y B, Gao X M, Rao R Z 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 064208
Google Scholar
[10] Xue Z, Shen F, Li J, Liu X, Wang J, Wang G, Chen W, Gao X, Tan T 2022 Opt. Express 30 31828
Google Scholar
[11] 孙春艳, 王贵师, 朱公栋, 谈图, 刘锟, 高晓明 2020 69 144201
Google Scholar
Sun C Y, Wang G S, Zhu G D, Tan T, Liu K, Gao X M 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 144201
Google Scholar
[12] Clarke G B, Wilson E L, Miller J H, Melroy H R 2014 Meas. Sci. Technol. 25 055204
Google Scholar
[13] Wilson E L, DiGregorio A J, Riot V J, Ammons M S, Bruner W W, Carter D, Mao J, Ramanathan A, Strahan S E, Oman L D, Hoffman C, Garner R M 2017 Meas. Sci. Technol. 28 035902
Google Scholar
[14] Wilson E L, DiGregorio A J, Villanueva G, Grunberg C E, Souders Z, Miletti K M, Menendez A, Grunberg M H, Floyd M A M, Bleacher J E, Euskirchen E S, Edgar C, Caldwell B J, Shiro B, Binsted K 2019 Appl. Phys. B 125 211
Google Scholar
[15] Zenevich S, Gazizov I, Churbanov D, Plyashkov Y, Spiridonov M, Talipov R, Rodin A 2021 Remote Sens. 13 2235
Google Scholar
[16] 王晶晶 2021 博士学位论文 (合肥: 中国科学技术大学)
Wang J J 2021 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)
[17] Deng H, Yang C, Xu Z, Li M, Huang A, Yao L, Hu M, Chen B, He Y, Kan R, Liu J 2021 Opt. Express 29 2003
Google Scholar
[18] Huang J, Huang Y, Lu X, Liu D, Yuan Z, Qi G, Cao Z 2022 Front. Phys. 10 835189
Google Scholar
[19] Hoffmann A, Huebner M, Macleod N, Weidmann D 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 3810
Google Scholar
[20] Parvitte B, Zéninari V, Thiébeaux C, Delahaigue A, Courtois D 2004 Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 60 1193
Google Scholar
[21] Nakazawa M 2014 Opt. Rev. 21 862
Google Scholar
[22] Shen F, Wang G, Wang J, Tan T, Wang G, Jeseck P, Te Y, Gao X, Chen W 2021 Opt. Lett. 46 3171
Google Scholar
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