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设计了一台18 MeV的自引出强流回旋加速器, 对于自引出系统提供一种可行的设计方案. 对于主磁铁, 通过“三个判定”约束主磁场的参数变化, 完成对主磁铁的设计; 对于自引出系统, 通过注入相空间来扫描适合粒子引出的相空间, 利用梯度校正磁铁增大引出束流的接受度; 对于谐波线圈, 通过磁场二次谐波变化, 分析束流特性并确定谐波线圈的位置, 在扫描不同的谐波线圈面电流情况下, 得到束流的引出情况, 进而将束流的相空间推送到接受度以内. 为了让打靶束流的径向和轴向尺寸匹配同时引出更强的束流, 选择doublet结构的磁通道并给出设计思路. 最终束流的尺寸为30.5 mm × 12.9 mm, 能够引出的粒子占成功加速粒子的82.62%.In this work, an 18 MeV self extraction high current cyclotron is designed, which provides a feasible design scheme for the self extraction system. For the main magnet, it is designed by restricting the parameter change of the main magnetic field through “three judgments”. For the self extraction system, the phase space suitable for particle extraction is scanned by injecting the phase space, and the gradient correction magnet is used to increase the acceptance of the extracted beam. For the harmonic coil, through the second harmonic change of the magnetic field, the beam characteristics are analyzed and the position of the harmonic coil is determined. Under the condition of scanning different harmonic coil surface currents, the extraction of the beam is obtained, and then the phase space of the beam is pushed to the acceptance. In order to match the radial dimension and the axial dimension of the target beam and obtain a stronger beam, the magnetic channel of the double structure is selected and the related design idea is given. The final beam size is 30.5 mm × 12.9 mm, the particles that can be extracted account for 82.62% of the successfully accelerated particles.
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Keywords:
- self-extraction cyclotron /
- magnet design /
- numerical simulation
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图 3 磁隙与磁极角平分线磁场变化 (a) 长度磁极磁隙变化; (b) 峰区角平分线场行为
Fig. 3. Magnetic field change of magnetic gap and magnetic pole angle bisector: (a) Change of length magnetic pole magnetic gap; (b) field behavior of angular bisector in peak area
图 4 18 MeV回旋加速器闭轨误差和振荡频率 (a) 闭轨相对误差; (b) 粒子横向和轴向振荡频率
Fig. 4. Closed orbit error and oscillation frequency of 18 MeV cyclotron: (a) Closed orbit relative error; (b) transverse and axial oscillation frequency of particles.
图 8 梯度校正器与场行为 (a) 梯度校正器模型; (b) 梯度校正器场行为
Fig. 8. Gradient corrector and field behavior: (a) Gradient corrector model; (b) gradient corrector field behavior.
图 10 加入梯度校正器后束流引出相空间分布
Fig. 10. Spatial distribution of beam exit phase after adding gradient corrector.
图 11 不同电流情况下粒子半径变化 (a) 不同面电流谐波线圈对粒子的推送作用; (b) 表示不同面电流下谐波线圈的幅值变化; (c) 谐波线圈模型
Fig. 11. Variations of particle radius under different current conditions: (a) Pushing effect of harmonic coil with different surface current on particles; (b) amplitude variation of harmonic coil under different surface current; (c) harmonic coil mode.
图 12 不同面电流谐波线圈对束流引出的影响
Fig. 12. Influences of different surface current harmonic coils on beam extraction.
图 14 磁通道模型 (a) 径向聚焦磁铁极化方向; (b) 磁通道几何模型; (c) 磁通道场行为
Fig. 14. Magnetic channel model: (a) Radial focusing magnet polarization direction; (b) magnetic channel geometric model; (c) magnetic flux field behavior.
图 15 束流在磁通道中的变化 (a) 束流径向变化; (b) 束流轴向变化
Fig. 15. Variations of beam in magnetic channel: (a) Radial variation of beam; (b) axial variation of beam.
表 1 离子源初始信息
Table 1. Initial information of ion source
初始信息 离子源 Insert direction transverse Slit area/mm2 18 Slit height/mm 2 Extraction energy/eV ～3 
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[1] Strobel K, Haerle S K, Stoeckli S J, Schrank M, Soyka J D, Veit-Haibach P, Hany T F 2009 Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 36 919
Google Scholar
[2] Osman M M, Cohade C, Nakamoto Y, Wahi R L 2003 Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 30 603
Google Scholar
[3] Hermannea A, Adam-Rebelesa R, Tárkányib F, Takácsb F, Ditróib S 2015 Nucl. Instrum Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 359 145
[4] 樊明武 2000 中国工程科学 2 9
Google Scholar
Fan M W 2000 Eng. Sci. 2 9
Google Scholar
[5] Zhang T J, Lu Y L, Yin Z G, Zhong J Q, Cui T, Li M, Wei S M, Song G F, Wu L C, Ji B, Xing J S, Qin J C, Jia X L, Hu W P, Yang J J, An S Z, Guan F P, Zhen X, Wen L P, Lin J, Li Z G, Zhang X Z, Cai Y X, Yang F 2009 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 269 2950
[6] Zhang T J, Zhong J Q, Lu Y L, Cui T, Qin J C, Xing J S, Li M, Yang J J, Pan G F, Yang F 2012 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 22 4101004
Google Scholar
[7] Zhang T J, Chu C J, Zhong J Q, Yang J J, Xing J S, Lu Y L, Wei S M, Chen R F, Li Z G, Fan M W 2007 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 261 25
Google Scholar
[8] Zhang T J, Li Z G, Chu C J 2007 The 18th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications Giardini Naxos, October 1–5, 2007 p33
[9] Kleeven W, Abs M, Amelia J C, Zaremba S 2000 Proceedings of EPAC Vienna, June 26–30, 2000 p2530
[10] Kleeven W, Lucas S, Delvaux J L, Swoboda F, Zaremba S, Beeckman W, Vandeplassche D, Abs M, Jongen Y 2003 33rd European Cyclotron Progress Meeting Warsaw, September 17–21, 2003 p115
[11] 王义芳, 王兵, 李炳生 2006 高能物理与核物理 30 147
Wang Y F, Wang B, Li B S 2006 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 30 147
[12] 张锦明, 田嘉禾 2006 同位素 19 240
Google Scholar
Zhang J M, Tian J H 2006 J. Isot. 19 240
Google Scholar
[13] 何小中, 杨国君, 龙继东, 李伟峰, 杨兴林, 李成刚, 荆晓兵, 王敏鸿, 李洪, 李勤, 张开志 2009 全国核技术及应用研究学术研讨会 绵阳, 10月 2009 p827
He X Z, Yang G J, Long J D, Li W F, Yang X L, Li C G, Jing X B, Wang M H, Li H, Li Q, Zhang K Z 2009 National Symposium on Nuclear Technology and Applied Research 2008 MianYang, October, 2009 p827 (in Chinese)
[14] 张罡, 何小中, 杜洋, 石金水, 杨国君 2022 强激光与粒子束 34 074002
Google Scholar
Zhang G, He X Z, Du Y, Shi J S, Yang G J 2022 High Power Laser and Particle Bezhams 34 074002
Google Scholar
[15] Poole C M, Cornelius I, Trapp J V, Langton C M 2012 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 59 1695
Google Scholar
[16] Agostinelli S, Allison J, Amako K, Zschiesche D 2003 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 506 250
Google Scholar
[17] Karamyshev O, Karamysheva T, Lyapin I, Malinin V, Popov D 2021 Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 18 481
Google Scholar
[18] Gordon M M 1984 Part. Accel. 16 39
[19] Kleeven W, Hagedoorn H 1992 The 13International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, Vancouver, BC, Canada, July 6–10, 1992 p380
[20] 唐靖宇, 魏宝文 2008 回旋加速器理论与设计 (合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社) 第164, 165页
Tang J Y, Wei B W 2008 Theory and Design of Cyclotrons (Hefei: China University of science and Technology Press) pp164, 165 (in Chinese)
[21] Fermé J, Gendreau G, Yvon P 1975 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications Zürich, Switzerland, August 19–22, 1975 p260
[22] Borland M 2000 The 6th International Computational Accelerator Physics Conference Florence, June 4–9, 2000 p1
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