表面单分子量子态的探测和调控研究进展

姚杰; 赵爱迪

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20212324

摘要

单分子体系是一种典型的受限量子体系, 且由于其能级分立、轨道局域、化学拓展性强, 因而具有丰富的电子态、光子态以及自旋态, 这些分子体系中由量子力学决定的物态使得利用单分子作为未来量子信息的载体成为可能. 对单分子尺度量子态的探测和调控研究有利于我们“自下而上”精确构建量子器件. 由于单分子体系的尺寸限制, 宏观的表征手段难以对其进行精确地调控和探测. 扫描隧道显微镜具有高精度的实空间定位能力, 高分辨的成像和谱学能力, 可以实施原位的分子操纵, 还可以与多种外场和局域场表征技术联用, 是目前精确探测和调控分子尺度量子态特性的重要工具. 本文撷取这一领域较为代表性的进展, 介绍了基于扫描隧道显微学技术的表面吸附单分子及其相关结构中的量子态研究现状. 首先介绍了表面单分子体系量子态的制备手段, 然后分别重点介绍了单分子的局域磁自旋态以及单分子作为单光子源的光学特性. 对于石墨烯分子结构我们将其视为一种大分子的单分子体系, 分别从其拓扑电子态和自旋态的表征和调控两方面做了介绍. 最后总结并对单分子量子态研究未来的发展做了展望.

关键词:

Abstract

Single molecular systems are typical quantum confinement systems, which have rich electronic states, photon states and spin states due to their discrete energy levels, localized orbitals and diverse chemical structures. The states determined by quantum mechanics in these molecular systems make it possible to serve as great physical entities for future quantum information technology. The detection and manipulation of quantum states on a single molecule scale are beneficial to the bottom-up construction of quantum devices. Owing to the highly limited spatial localization of single molecular systems, it is difficult to accurately address and manipulate them with conventional macroscopic characterization methods. Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is such a powerful tool that it can achieve high-resolution real-space imaging as well as spectroscopic investigation, with the ability to in-situ manipulating the individual atoms or molecules. It can also work jointly with various near-field or external field characterization techniques, making it a most important technique for precisely detecting and manipulating quantum properties at a single molecule level. In this paper, we review recent research progress of quantum states of surface-supported single molecules and relevant structures based on scanning tunneling microscopy. We start from the methods for the synthesis of molecular structures with desired quantum states, and then we review the recent advances in the local spin states for single molecular systems and the optical properties of single molecules serving as a single-photon source. An emerging family of molecular nanographene systems showing intriguing topological properties and magnetic properties is also reviewed. In the last part, we summarize the research progress made recently and prospect the future development of the quantum states at a single molecular level.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

姚杰¹,
赵爱迪²

1.
中国科学技术大学化学物理系, 合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心, 合肥　230026

2.
上海科技大学物质科学与技术学院, 上海　201210

通信作者: 赵爱迪, zhaoad@shanghaitech.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

Yao Jie¹,
Zhao Ai-Di²

1.
Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, China

2.
School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China

Corresponding author: Zhao Ai-Di, zhaoad@shanghaitech.edu.cn

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Metzger R M 1999 Acc. Chem. Res. 32 950 Google Scholar
[2]	Joachim C, Gimzewski J K, Aviram A 2000 Nature 408 541 Google Scholar
[3]	Binnig G, Rohrer H, Salvan F, Gerber C, Baro A 1985 Surf. Sci. 157 L373 Google Scholar
[4]	Eigler D M, Schweizer E K 1990 Nature 344 524 Google Scholar
[5]	Kempkes S N, Slot M R, Freeney S E, Zevenhuizen S J M, Vanmaekelbergh D, Swart I, Smith C M 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 127 Google Scholar
[6]	Slot M R, Gardenier T S, Jacobse P H, van Miert G C P, Kempkes S N, Zevenhuizen S J M, Smith C M, Vanmaekelbergh D, Swart I 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 672 Google Scholar
[7]	Kempkes S N, Slot M R, van den Broeke J J, et al. 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 1292 Google Scholar
[8]	Khajetoorians A A, Wegner D, Otte A F, Swart I 2019 Nat. Rev. Phys. 1 703 Google Scholar
[9]	Verlhac B, Bachellier N, Garnier L, et al. 2019 Science 366 623 Google Scholar
[10]	Ho W 2002 J. Chem. Phys. 117 11033 Google Scholar
[11]	Czap G, Wagner P J, Li J, Xue F, Yao J, Wu R, Ho W 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 106803 Google Scholar
[12]	Czap G, Wagner P J, Xue F, Gu L, Li J, Yao J, Wu R, Ho W 2019 Science 364 670 Google Scholar
[13]	Yu P, Kocic N, Repp J, Siegert B, Donarini A 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 056801 Google Scholar
[14]	Chiang C L, Xu C, Han Z, Ho W 2014 Science 344 885 Google Scholar
[15]	Han Z, Czap G, Chiang C L, Xu C, Wagner P J, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wu R, Ho W 2017 Science 358 206 Google Scholar
[16]	Wortmann D, Heinze S, Kurz P, Bihlmayer G, Blugel S 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 4132 Google Scholar
[17]	Wulfhekel W, Kirschner J 2007 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37 69 Google Scholar
[18]	Bode M 2003 Rep. Prog. Phys. 66 523 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhao H, Manna S, Porter Z, Chen X, Uzdejczyk A, Moodera J, Wang Z, Wilson S D, Zeljkovic I 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 1267 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhang J, Chen P, Yuan B, Ji W, Cheng Z, Qiu X 2013 Science 342 611 Google Scholar
[21]	Gross L, Mohn F, Moll N, Liljeroth P, Meyer G 2009 Science 325 1110 Google Scholar
[22]	Gross L, Mohn F, Moll N, Schuler B, Criado A, Guitian E, Pena D, Gourdon A, Meyer G 2012 Science 337 1326 Google Scholar
[23]	Sweetman A, Jarvis S, Danza R, Bamidele J, Kantorovich L, Moriarty P 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 085426 Google Scholar
[24]	Cocker T L, Jelic V, Gupta M, et al. 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 620 Google Scholar
[25]	Luo Y, Jelic V, Chen G, Nguyen P H, Liu Y J R, Calzada J A M, Mildenberger D J, Hegmann F A 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 205417 Google Scholar
[26]	Yoshioka K, Katayama I, Arashida Y, Ban A, Kawada Y, Konishi K, Takahashi H, Takeda J 2018 Nano Lett 18 5198 Google Scholar
[27]	Jelic V, Iwaszczuk K, Nguyen P H, et al. 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 591 Google Scholar
[28]	Yoshida S, Arashida Y, Hirori H, Tachizaki T, Taninaka A, Ueno H, Takeuchi O, Shigekawa H 2021 ACS Photonics 8 315 Google Scholar
[29]	Zrimsek A B, Chiang N, Mattei M, Zaleski S, McAnally M O, Chapman C T, Henry A I, Schatz G C, Van Duyne R P 2017 Chem. Rev. 117 7583 Google Scholar
[30]	Ding S Y, Yi J, Li J F, Ren B, Wu D Y, Panneerselvam R, Tian Z Q 2016 Nat. Rev. Mater. 1 16021 Google Scholar
[31]	Xu J, Zhu X, Tan S, Zhang Y, Li B, Tian Y, Shan H, Cui X, Zhao A, Dong Z, Yang J, Luo Y, Wang B, Hou J G 2021 Science 371 818 Google Scholar
[32]	Zhang R, Zhang Y, Dong Z C, Jiang S, Zhang C, Chen L G, Zhang L, Liao Y, Aizpurua J, Luo Y, Yang J L, Hou J G 2013 Nature 498 82 Google Scholar
[33]	Jiang S, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Hu C, Liao M, Luo Y, Yang J, Dong Z, Hou J G 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 865 Google Scholar
[34]	Dong Z C, Zhang X L, Gao H Y, Luo Y, Zhang C, Chen L G, Zhang R, Tao X, Zhang Y, Yang J L, Hou J G 2009 Nat. Photon. 4 50 Google Scholar
[35]	Zhang Y, Meng Q S, Zhang L, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15225 Google Scholar
[36]	Kong F F, Tian X J, Zhang Y, et al. 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 1280 Google Scholar
[37]	Zhang L, Yu Y J, Chen L G, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 580 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhang Y, Yang B, Ghafoor A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y F, Wang R P, Yang J L, Luo Y, Dong Z C, Hou J G 2019 Natl. Sci. Rev. 6 1169 Google Scholar
[39]	Zhang X, Wolf C, Wang Y, Aubin H, Bilgeri T, Willke P, Heinrich A J, Choi T 2022 Nat. Chem. 14 59
[40]	Bienfait A, Pla J J, Kubo Y, et al. 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 253 Google Scholar
[41]	Baumann S, Paul W, Choi T, Lutz C P, Ardavan A, Heinrich A J 2015 Science 350 417 Google Scholar
[42]	Song H, Kim Y, Jang Y H, Jeong H, Reed M A, Lee T 2009 Nature 462 1039 Google Scholar
[43]	Noginov M A, Zhu G, Belgrave A M, Bakker R, Shalaev V M, Narimanov E E, Stout S, Herz E, Suteewong T, Wiesner U 2009 Nature 460 1110 Google Scholar
[44]	Franke K J, Schulze G, Pascual J I 2011 Science 332 940 Google Scholar
[45]	Roch N, Florens S, Bouchiat V, Wernsdorfer W, Balestro F 2008 Nature 453 633 Google Scholar
[46]	Yoshida Y, Yang H H, Huang H S, et al. 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 114701 Google Scholar
[47]	Li X, Zhu L, Li B, Li J, Gao P, Yang L, Zhao A, Luo Y, Hou J, Zheng X, Wang B, Yang J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2566 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhao A, Li Q, Chen L, Xiang H, Wang W, Pan S, Wang B, Xiao X, Yang J, Hou J G, Zhu Q 2005 Science 309 1542 Google Scholar
[49]	Li R, Li N, Wang H, Weismann A, Zhang Y, Hou S, Wu K, Wang Y 2018 Chem. Commun. 54 9135 Google Scholar
[50]	Cai J, Ruffieux P, Jaafar R, Bieri M, Braun T, Blankenburg S, Muoth M, Seitsonen A P, Saleh M, Feng X, Müllen K, Fasel R 2010 Nature 466 470 Google Scholar
[51]	Moreno C, Vilas-Varela M, Kretz B, et al. 2018 Science 360 199 Google Scholar
[52]	Slota M, Keerthi A, Myers W K, et al. 2018 Nature 557 691 Google Scholar
[53]	Sun Q, Zhang R Y, Qiu J, Liu R, Xu W 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1705630 Google Scholar
[54]	Yano Y, Mitoma N, Ito H, Itami K 2020 J. Org. Chem. 85 4 Google Scholar
[55]	Clair S, de Oteyza D G 2019 Chem. Rev. 119 4717 Google Scholar
[56]	Hao Z L, Zhang H, Ruan Z L, Yan C X, Lu J C, Cai J M 2020 Chem. Nano Mat. 6 493 Google Scholar
[57]	Su X, Xue Z, Li G, Yu P 2018 Nano Lett. 18 5744 Google Scholar
[58]	Du Q, Pu W, Sun Z, Yu P 2020 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11 5022 Google Scholar
[59]	Li J, Sanz S, Merino-Diez N, Vilas-Varela M, Garcia-Lekue A, Corso M, de Oteyza D G, Frederiksen T, Pena D, Pascual J I 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 5538 Google Scholar
[60]	Lounis B, Moerner W E 2000 Nature 407 491 Google Scholar
[61]	Santori C, Fattal D, Vuckovic J, Solomon G S, Yamamoto Y 2002 Nature 419 594 Google Scholar
[62]	Sangouard N, Simon C, Minář J, Zbinden H, de Riedmatten H, Gisin N 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 050301 Google Scholar
[63]	Zhong H S, Li Y, Li W, Peng L C, Su Z E, Hu Y, He Y M, Ding X, Zhang W J, Li H, Zhang L, Wang Z, You L X, Wang X L, Jiang X, Li L, Chen Y A, Liu N L, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 250505 Google Scholar
[64]	Wang Y F, Li J F, Zhang S C, Su K Y, Zhou Y R, Liao K Y, Du S W, Yan H, Zhu S L 2019 Nat. Photon. 13 346 Google Scholar
[65]	Wang H, He Y M, Chung T H, Hu H, Yu Y, Chen S, Ding X, Chen M C, Qin J, Yang X X, Liu R Z, Duan Z C, Li J P, Gerhardt S, Winkler K, Jurkat J, Wang L J, Gregersen N, Huo Y H, Dai Q, Yu S Y, Hofling S, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2019 Nat. Photon. 13 770 Google Scholar
[66]	Rudolph T 2017 APL Photonics 2 030901 Google Scholar
[67]	Koenderink A F 2017 ACS Photonics 4 710 Google Scholar
[68]	Raha M, Chen S T, Phenicie C M, Ourari S, Dibos A M, Thompson J D 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 1605 Google Scholar
[69]	Dibos M, Raha M, Phenicie C M, Thompson J D 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 243601 Google Scholar
[70]	Wang H, Hu H, Chung T H, Qin J, Yang X X, Li J P, Liu R Z, Zhong H S, He Y M, Ding X, Deng Y H, Dai Q, Huo Y H, Hofling S, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 113602 Google Scholar
[71]	Tomm N, Javadi A, Antoniadis N O, Najer D, Lobl M C, Korsch A R, Schott R, Valentin S R, Wieck A D, Ludwig A, Warburton R J 2021 Nat. Nanotechnol. 16 399 Google Scholar
[72]	Senellart P, Solomon G, White A 2017 Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 1026 Google Scholar
[73]	Tawfik S A, Ali S, Fronzi M, Kianinia M, Tran T T, Stampfl C, Aharonovich I, Toth M, Ford M J 2017 Nanoscale 9 13575 Google Scholar
[74]	Kinkhabwala A, Yu Z, Fan S, Avlasevich Y, Müllen K, Moerner W E 2009 Nat. Photon. 3 654 Google Scholar
[75]	Dolezal J, Canola S, Merino P, Svec M 2021 ACS Nano 15 7694 Google Scholar
[76]	Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y J, Kuang Y M, Zhang L, Meng Q S, Luo Y, Yang J L, Dong Z C, Hou J G 2016 Nature 531 623 Google Scholar
[77]	Dolezal J, Merino P, Redondo J, Ondic L, Cahlik A, Svec M 2019 Nano Lett 19 8605 Google Scholar
[78]	Dolezal J, Mutombo P, Nachtigallova D, Jelinek P, Merino P, Svec M 2020 ACS Nano 14 8931 Google Scholar
[79]	Uemura T, Akai-Kasaya M, Saito A, Aono M, Kuwahara Y 2008 Surf. and Interf. Anal. 40 1050 Google Scholar
[80]	Uemura T, Furumoto M, Nakano T, Akai-Kasaya M, Saito A, Aono M, Kuwahara Y 2007 Chem. Phys. Lett. 448 232 Google Scholar
[81]	Qiao X, Yuan P, Ma D, Ahamad T, Alshehri S M 2017 Org. Electron. 46 1 Google Scholar
[82]	Miwa K, Sakaue M, Kasai H 2013 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8 204 Google Scholar
[83]	Chen G, Luo Y, Gao H, Jiang J, Yu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Dong Z 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 177401 Google Scholar
[84]	Luo Y, Chen G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Kong F, Tian X, Zhang Y, Shan C, Luo Y, Yang J, Sandoghdar V, Dong Z, Hou J G 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 233901 Google Scholar
[85]	Yang B, Chen G, Ghafoor A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Yang J, Sandoghdar V, Aizpurua J, Dong Z, Hou J G 2020 Nat. Photon. 14 693 Google Scholar
[86]	Imada H, Imai-Imada M, Miwa K, Yamane H, Iwasa T, Tanaka Y, Toriumi N, Kimura K, Yokoshi N, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Taketsugu T, Kato Y K, Ishihara H, Kim Y 2021 Science 373 95 Google Scholar
[87]	Chen J, Reed M A, Rawlett A M, Tour J M 1999 Science 286 1550 Google Scholar
[88]	Yao Z, Postma H W C, Balents L, Dekker C 1999 Nature 402 273 Google Scholar
[89]	Reed M A, Zhou C, Deshpande M R, Muller C J, Burgin T P, Jones L, Tour J M 1998 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 852 133 Google Scholar
[90]	Sessoli R, Gatteschi D, Caneschi A, Novak M A 1993 Nature 365 141 Google Scholar
[91]	Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu H, Dong L 2021 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 16 77 Google Scholar
[92]	Wrachtrup J, von Borczyskowski C, Bernard J, Orrit M, Brown R 1993 Nature 363 244 Google Scholar
[93]	Kohler J, Disselhorst J A J M, Donckers M C J M, Groenen E J J, Schmidt J, Moerner W E 1993 Nature 363 242 Google Scholar
[94]	Bayliss S L, Laorenza D W, Mintun P J, Kovos B D, Freedman D E, Awschalom D D 2020 Science 370 1309 Google Scholar
[95]	Rugar D, Budakian R, Mamin H J, Chui B W 2004 Nature 430 329 Google Scholar
[96]	Fan T, Tsifrinovich V I 2011 J. Comput. Theor. Nanos. 8 503 Google Scholar
[97]	Sidles J A, Garbini J L, Bruland K J, Rugar D, Züger O, Hoen S, Yannoni C S 1995 Rev. Mod. Phys. 67 249 Google Scholar
[98]	Lovchinsky I, Sushkov A O, Urbach E, de Leon N P, Choi S, De Greve K, Evans R, Gertner R, Bersin E, Muller C, McGuinness L, Jelezko F, Walsworth R L, Park H, Lukin M D 2016 Science 351 836 Google Scholar
[99]	Gehring P, Thijssen J M, van der Zant H S J 2019 Nat. Rev. Phys. 1 381 Google Scholar
[100]	She L M, Shen Z T, Xie Z Y, Wang L M, Song Y H, Wang X S, Jia Y, Zhang Z Y, Zhang W F 2021 arXiv: 2109.11193
[101]	Liu L, Yang K, Jiang Y, Song B, Xiao W, Li L, Zhou H, Wang Y, Du S, Ouyang M, Hofer W A, Castro Neto A H, Gao H J 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1210 Google Scholar
[102]	Komeda T, Isshiki H, Liu J, Zhang Y F, Lorente N, Katoh K, Breedlove B K, Yamashita M 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 217 Google Scholar
[103]	Liu J, Isshiki H, Katoh K, Morita T, Breedlove B K, Yamashita M, Komeda T 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 651 Google Scholar
[104]	Zhou J, Sun Q 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 15113 Google Scholar
[105]	Rumetshofer M, Bauernfeind D, Arrigoni E, von der Linden W 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 045148 Google Scholar
[106]	Hong I P, Li N, Zhang Y J, Wang H, Song H J, Bai M L, Zhou X, Li J L, Gu G C, Zhang X, Chen M, Gottfried J M, Wang D, Lu J T, Peng L M, Hou S M, Berndt R, Wu K, Wang Y F 2016 Chem. Commun. 52 10338 Google Scholar
[107]	Ormaza M, Abufager P, Verlhac B, Bachellier N, Bocquet M L, Lorente N, Limot L 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1974 Google Scholar
[108]	Xing Y Q, Chen H, Hu B, Ye Y H, Hofer W A, Gao H J 2021 Nano. Res. 15 1466
[109]	Wang X Y, Narita A, Mullen K 2018 Nat. Rev. Chem. 2 0100 Google Scholar
[110]	Zhou X H, Yu G 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 1905957 Google Scholar
[111]	Castro Neto A H, Guinea F, Peres N M R, Novoselov K S, Geim A K 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 109 Google Scholar
[112]	Jia X T, Campos-Delgado J, Terrones M, Meunier V, Dresselhaus M S 2011 Nanoscale 3 86 Google Scholar
[113]	Ma Y J, Zhi L J 2022 Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 38 2101004 Google Scholar
[114]	Son Y W, Cohen M L, Louie S G 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 216803 Google Scholar
[115]	Talirz L, Sode H, Dumslaff T, Wang S, Sanchez-Valencia J R, Liu J, Shinde P, Pignedoli C A, Liang L, Meunier V, Plumb N C, Shi M, Feng X, Narita A, Mullen K, Fasel R, Ruffieux P 2017 ACS Nano 11 1380 Google Scholar
[116]	Llinas J P, Fairbrother A, Barin G B, Shi W, Lee K, Wu S, Choi B Y, Braganza R, Lear J, Kau N, Choi W, Chen C, Pedramrazi Z, Dumslaff T, Narita A, Feng X L, Mullen K, Fischer F, Zettl A, Ruffieux P, Yablonovitch E, Crommie M, Fasel R, Bokor J 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 633 Google Scholar
[117]	Liu J Z, Feng X L 2020 Ange. Chem. Int. Ed. 59 23386 Google Scholar
[118]	Cui P, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Li X, Wang W, Li Q, Zeng C, Zhang Z 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 026802 Google Scholar
[119]	Wang W L, Yazyev O V, Meng S, Kaxiras E 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 157201 Google Scholar
[120]	Avouris P, Chen Z H, Perebeinos V 2007 Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 605 Google Scholar
[121]	Cao T, Zhao F, Louie S G 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 076401 Google Scholar
[122]	Groning O, Wang S Y, Yao X L, Pignedoli C A, Barin G B, Daniels C, Cupo A, Meunier V, Feng X L, Narita A, Mullen K, Ruffieux P, Fasel R 2018 Nature 560 209 Google Scholar
[123]	Rizzo D J, Veber G, Cao T, Bronner C, Chen T, Zhao F, Rodriguez H, Louie S G, Crommie M F, Fischer F R 2018 Nature 560 204 Google Scholar
[124]	Li J, Sanz S, Corso M, Choi D J, Pena D, Frederiksen T, Pascual J I 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 200 Google Scholar
[125]	Mishra S, Catarina G, Wu F, Ortiz R, Jacob D, Eimre K, Ma J, Pignedoli C A, Feng X, Ruffieux P, Fernandez-Rossier J, Fasel R 2021 Nature 598 287 Google Scholar
[126]	Zheng Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Beyer D, Wang G, Xu C, Yue X, Chen Y, Guan D D, Li Y Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Luo W, Feng X, Wang S, Jia J 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 147206 Google Scholar
[127]	Gomes K K, Mar W, Ko W, Guinea F, Manoharan H C 2012 Nature 483 306 Google Scholar
[128]	Yin R, Ma L, Wang Z, Ma C, Chen X, Wang B 2020 ACS Nano 14 7513 Google Scholar
[129]	Zhang Y, Brar V W, Wang F, Girit C, Yayon Y, Panlasigui M, Zettl A, Crommie M F 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 627 Google Scholar
[130]	Watanabe N, Miyato Y, Tachiki M, Hayashi T, He D, Itozaki H 2012 Physics Procedia 36 300 Google Scholar
[131]	Assig M, Etzkorn M, Enders A, Stiepany W, Ast C R, Kern K 2013 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84 033903 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 表面单分子结构的量子态的制备、表征与调控的研究示意图

Fig. 1. Schematic of the research on the synthesis, characterization and manipulation of the quantum states of surface-supported single molecular structures.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 (a) CoPc的结构模型, 在实验中, 1个瓣的氢原子2和3被解离; (b) STM电流引起的脱氢示意图; (c) 不同温度下CoPc和脱氢CoPc(d-CoPc)的dI/dV谱; (d) STM图像显示了连续尖端诱导的CoPc在Au(111)上的脱氢^[48]

Fig. 2. (a) Structural formula of the CoPc. Hydrogen atoms 2 and 3 of one lobe were dissociated in the experiments. (b) Diagram of the dehydrogenation induced by the STM current. (c) dI/dV spectra of CoPc and dehydrogenated CoPc (d-CoPc) at different temperatures. (d) STM images showing the sequential tip-induced dehydrogenation of a CoPc on Au(111)^[48].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 结合溶液和表面合成chGNRs的方法　(a)—(d) 溶液法合成不同原子宽度3, 1, w-chGNRs的分子前驱体1, 2, 3和3, 2, 8-chGNRs的前驱体4; (e)—(h) 利用4种分子前驱体分别靶向chGNRs的化学结构; (i)—(l) 在Au(111)表面合成chGNRs 的STM图像^[59]

Fig. 3. Synthetic strategy to produce chGNRs combining solution and on-surface synthesis: (a)–(d) Solution synthesis protocols for producing molecular precursors 1, 2, 3, for the synthesis of 3, 1, w-chGNRs with different widths, and precursor 4 for 3, 2, 8-chGNRs; (e)–(h) targeted chemical structures of chGNRs by using the four molecular precursors in (a)–(d), respectively; (i)–(l) STM overview images of the chGNRs formed on a Au(111) surface^[59].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 (a) 诱导分子链发光的STML示意图^[84]; (b) 多达12个单体ZnPc分子链的STM形貌图, 不同分子链的典型STML谱, ZnPc链超辐射态的实验光子图像^[84]; (c) 不同长度的分子链光子发射的二阶相关函数测量结果^[84]; (d) STM诱导的单分子发光示意图, 右边是分子结构的俯视图; 不同偏置电压下单个H₂Pc分子的电致发光光谱; 恒定电流下Q_x峰的归一化偏置电压和光强依赖关系图, 对数图在插图中^[83].

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic of STML from ZnPc molecular chains^[84]. (b) STM images of ZnPc molecular chains of up to 12 monomers, typical STML spectrum of different molecular chains, experimental photon images for the superradiant states of the ZnPc chains^[84]. (c) Second-order correlation functions $ {g}^{\left(2\right)}\left(\tau \right) $ for different ZnPc chains^[84]. (d) Schematic of the STM-induced single-molecule emission. A top view of the molecular structure is given on the right. Electroluminescence spectra from a single H₂Pc molecule at different bias voltages. Normalized bias-dependent intensity of the Q_x peak at a constant current, with the logarithmic plot shown in the inset^[83]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 (a) 针尖增强光致发光实验模型^[85]; (b) ZnPC分子的STM图(左)和光子图(右)^[85]; (c) 在光子图像(b)中虚白线AB的光子强度侧面图^[85]; (d) STM-PL 实验示意图^[86]; (e) H₂Pc 分子的放大 STM 图, STM 图(左)中的圆圈显示的是光谱测量时针尖的位置, 其颜色与相应光谱的颜色匹配^[86].

Fig. 5. (a) Schematic of the experimental of Sub-nanometre-resolved single-molecule TEPL^[85]; (b) simultaneously recorded STM image (left) and TEPL photon image (right) of a single ZnPc molecule ^[85]; (c) photon intensity profile for the dashed white line AB in the photon image in b (right)^[85]; (d) schematic depiction of STM-PL measurement^[86]; (e) a magnified STM image of a H₂Pc molecule, and the measurement tip positions for the spectra shown in STM image (left)are indicated with circles whose color matches that of the corresponding spectrum^[86].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 Au(111)上 (a) MnPc和 (b) H-MnPc的STM图像; (c) 由H原子吸附和解吸引起的MnPc分子中心记录的dI/dV谱的连续变化; (d) MnPc近藤特征在磁场下的演化^[101]

Fig. 6. STM images of (a) MnPc and (b) H-MnPc on Au(111); (c) sequential variations of dI/dV spectra recorded at the center of a MnPc molecule induced by the adsorption and desorption of a H atom; (d) magnetic-field evolution of the Kondo feature of MnPc^[101].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 (a) 在 Au(111) 上的 TbPc₂ 分子的叶瓣上和中心处记录的 dI/dV谱. 插图: 组装结构中 TbPc₂ 分子的 STM 图像. (b) θ = 45°和θ = 30°的TbPc₂分子的示意图和STM图像. (c) 在应用尖端脉冲之前和之后在 TbPc₂ 分子处获得的 dI/dV谱^[102].

Fig. 7. (a) dI/dV spectra recorded at the lobe and center of a TbPc₂ molecule on Au(111). Inset: STM image of TbPc₂ molecules in the assembled structure. (b) Schematic illustrations and STM images of TbPc₂ molecules with θ = 45° and θ = 30°. (c) dI/dV spectra acquired at a TbPc₂ molecule before and after the application of a tip pulse^[102].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 (a) H₂Pc和Al共沉积后的2个分子的化学结构模型和STM图. STM图左上角和右下角的分子分别是H₂Pc和AlPc. (b) 将尖端置于AlPc瓣(黑色)、AlPc的Al中心(蓝色)和H₂Pc瓣上方(黄色)得到的谱. (c) ClAlPc 的 STM 形貌图. (d) ClAlPc 瓣的 dI/dV谱. 蓝色: Cl 向上, 绿色: Cl 向下^[106].

Fig. 8. (a) Chemical structure model and STM map of two molecules after co-deposition of H₂Pc and Al. The top-left and bottom-right molecules of the STM image are H₂Pc and AlPc, respectively. (b) Spectra taken with the tip placed above a lobe of AlPc (black dots), the Al center of AlPc (blue), and a lobe of H₂Pc (yellow). (c) STM topograph of ClAlPc. (d) dI/dV spectra of a lobe of ClAlPc. Blue: Cl-up, green: Cl-down^[106].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 (a) 和 (b) 为组态I和II的 FePc分子STM图像, 分别显示组态II的“交叉”相对于组态I的分子中心旋转15° ; (c) 通过正常W端在构型I和II FePc分子上获得的dI/dV谱, 显示分子2种构型的电子状态显著不同; (d)通过超导Nb针尖在构型I和II FePc分子上获得的dI/dV谱; (e) Nb-绝缘体-FePc-Au隧道结结构以及其典型的dI/dV谱, 显示了Kondo特征峰; (f) Nb-FePc-绝缘体-Au隧道结结构, 以及其典型的dI/dV谱, 显示了2个间隙内YSR态^[108]

Fig. 9. (a) and (b) Typical STM images of configuration I and II FePc molecules, respectively, showing the “cross” of configuration II rotates with respect to the molecular center by 15° compared with configuration I; (c) dI/dV spectra obtained on configuration I and II FePc molecules by a normal W tip, showing strikingly different electron states for the two configurations of the molecule; (d) dI/dV spectra obtained on configuration I and II FePc molecules by a superconducting Nb tip; (e) typical dI/dV spectra in a Nb-insulator-FePc-Au tunneling junction, showing a Kondo dip; (f) typical dI/dV spectra in a Nb-FePc-insulator-Au tunneling junction, showing two in-gap YSR states^[108].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 直线型边缘扩展的AGNR异质结构超晶格中的拓扑态　(a)化学结构和nc-AFM图像; (b)计算的能带结构; (c)直线型边缘扩展 AGNR 异质结构超晶格的局域态密度(LDOS)图 ^[122]

Fig. 10. Topological states in in-line edge-extended AGNR heterostructure superlattices: (a) The chemical structure and nc-AFM image; (b) the calculated band structure; (c) the local density of states (LDOS) maps of an in-line edge-extended AGNR heterostructure superlattice^[122].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 7—9 AGNR超晶格的拓扑态　(a) 化学结构模型以及不同结构的拓扑指数和高分辨率的STM图像; (b) 计算的石墨烯纳米带能带结构; (c) 7—9 AGNR超晶格的理论计算LDOS图以及对应的实验dI/dV 图^[123]

Fig. 11. Topological states in a 7–9 AGNR superlattice: (a) The chemical structure and high-resolution STM image; (b) the calculated band structure; (c) the LDOS maps and corresponding experimental dI/dV diagram of a 7–9 AGNR superlattice^[123].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 (a) 3种石墨烯纳米结的DFT理论模拟. (b), (c) 分别为类型 1 和类型 2 结上明亮区域的近藤共振. 零偏置峰值主要在类型 1 结的4个 PC 环和类型 2 结的3个 ZZ 环上被检测到. (d) 类型 3 结上零偏压附近的双峰特征. (e) 具有额外 H 原子2个结的STM图. (f) 在电子诱导去除额外的 H 原子后STM图. (g), (h) 在脱氢过程之前(黑色)和之后(蓝色)的 PC₁ 和 ZZ₂ 区域的dI/dV谱. (g)中的插图显示了脱氢过程中的电流变化^[124]

Fig. 12. (a) DFT theoretical simulation of three graphene nanojunctions. (b), (c) Kondo resonances over the bright regions of Type 1 and Type 2 junctions, respectively. The zero-bias peaks are mostly detected over four PC rings of Type 1 junctions and over three ZZ rings of Type 2 junctions. (d) Double-peak features around zero bias over Type 3 junctions. (e) STM image of two junctions with extra H atoms. (f) STM image after the removal of extra H atoms induced by electrons. (g), (h) The PC₁ and ZZ₂ regions of the dI/dV spectrum before (black) and after (blue) the dehydrogenation process. The inset in (g) shows the current during the dehydrogenation process ^[124].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 (a), (b) N = 16 开放三角烯链(oTSC)和闭合三角烯环(cTSC) 的高分辨率 STM 图; (c) 在N = 16 oTSC和cTSC的每个单元上获得的dI/dV谱; (d) N = 6 oTSC和cTSC的价键固态自旋态, 占oTSC中S = 1/2边缘态, 而cTSC中没有; (e) 对于N = 2—16的oTSC, 由BLBQ模型ED 计算的自旋激发能量^[125]

Fig. 13. (a), (b) High-resolution STM images of N = 16 oTSC (a) and cTSC (b); (c) dI/dV spectra acquired on every unit of the N = 16 oTSC (a) and cTSC (b); (d) the valence bond solid spin state for N = 6 oTSC and cTSC, accounting for S = 1/2 edge states in the oTSC and their absence in the cTSC; (e) For oTSC with N = 2–16, the spin excitation energy calculated from the ED of the BLBQ model^[125].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 (a) 在插图图像中彩色数字标记位置做的 dI/dV 谱. (b) 磁交换作用是每个单元中自旋密度最大的2个碳原子之间距离的函数. 插图为6种不同f-NG二聚体的自旋密度分布. 所有二聚体都呈现单线态基态. 蓝色和红色等表面表示自旋向上和自旋向下的密度. (c) 实验观察到4种命名为 C1—C4 的 f-NG 二聚体构型. 左侧, nc-AFM 图; 中间, 恒高的STM图, 右侧, 模拟 STM 图. (d) 在 (c) 中标记的位置做的 dI/dV 谱^[126].

Fig. 14. (a) dI/dV spectra taken at the positions marked by colored numbers in the inset current image. (b) The magnetic exchange interaction J as a function of the distance between two carbon atoms with the strongest spin density in each unit. Inset: spin density distribution of six different f-NG dimers. All dimers exhibit a singlet ground state. Blue and red isosurfaces denote spin up and spin down density. (c) Experimental observed four configurations of f-NG dimers named as C1–C4. Left, nc-AFM frequency shift image; middle, constant-height current image; right, simulated STM image. (d) dI/dV spectra taken at the positions marked in (c)^[126].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 AGNRs的电子拓扑分类^[121]

Table 1. Categorization of electronic topology of AGNRs^[121].

Termination type	Zigzag (N = Odd)	Zigzag′ (N = Odd)	Zigzag (N = Even)	Bearded (N = Even)
Unit cell shape
Bulk symmetry	Inversion/mirror	Inversion/mirror	Mirror	Inversion
Z₂	$\frac{1+{\left(-1\right)}^{\left\lfloor {\tfrac{N}{3} } \right\rfloor+\left\lfloor {\tfrac{N+1}{2} } \right\rfloor} }{2}$	$\frac{1-{\left(-1\right)}^{\left\lfloor {\tfrac{N}{3} } \right\rfloor+\left\lfloor {\tfrac{N+1}{2} } \right\rfloor} }{2}$		$\frac{1-{\left(-1\right)}^{\left\lfloor {\tfrac{N}{3} } \right\rfloor} }{2}$

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Metzger R M 1999 Acc. Chem. Res. 32 950 Google Scholar
[2]	Joachim C, Gimzewski J K, Aviram A 2000 Nature 408 541 Google Scholar
[3]	Binnig G, Rohrer H, Salvan F, Gerber C, Baro A 1985 Surf. Sci. 157 L373 Google Scholar
[4]	Eigler D M, Schweizer E K 1990 Nature 344 524 Google Scholar
[5]	Kempkes S N, Slot M R, Freeney S E, Zevenhuizen S J M, Vanmaekelbergh D, Swart I, Smith C M 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 127 Google Scholar
[6]	Slot M R, Gardenier T S, Jacobse P H, van Miert G C P, Kempkes S N, Zevenhuizen S J M, Smith C M, Vanmaekelbergh D, Swart I 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 672 Google Scholar
[7]	Kempkes S N, Slot M R, van den Broeke J J, et al. 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 1292 Google Scholar
[8]	Khajetoorians A A, Wegner D, Otte A F, Swart I 2019 Nat. Rev. Phys. 1 703 Google Scholar
[9]	Verlhac B, Bachellier N, Garnier L, et al. 2019 Science 366 623 Google Scholar
[10]	Ho W 2002 J. Chem. Phys. 117 11033 Google Scholar
[11]	Czap G, Wagner P J, Li J, Xue F, Yao J, Wu R, Ho W 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 106803 Google Scholar
[12]	Czap G, Wagner P J, Xue F, Gu L, Li J, Yao J, Wu R, Ho W 2019 Science 364 670 Google Scholar
[13]	Yu P, Kocic N, Repp J, Siegert B, Donarini A 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 056801 Google Scholar
[14]	Chiang C L, Xu C, Han Z, Ho W 2014 Science 344 885 Google Scholar
[15]	Han Z, Czap G, Chiang C L, Xu C, Wagner P J, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wu R, Ho W 2017 Science 358 206 Google Scholar
[16]	Wortmann D, Heinze S, Kurz P, Bihlmayer G, Blugel S 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 4132 Google Scholar
[17]	Wulfhekel W, Kirschner J 2007 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37 69 Google Scholar
[18]	Bode M 2003 Rep. Prog. Phys. 66 523 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhao H, Manna S, Porter Z, Chen X, Uzdejczyk A, Moodera J, Wang Z, Wilson S D, Zeljkovic I 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 1267 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhang J, Chen P, Yuan B, Ji W, Cheng Z, Qiu X 2013 Science 342 611 Google Scholar
[21]	Gross L, Mohn F, Moll N, Liljeroth P, Meyer G 2009 Science 325 1110 Google Scholar
[22]	Gross L, Mohn F, Moll N, Schuler B, Criado A, Guitian E, Pena D, Gourdon A, Meyer G 2012 Science 337 1326 Google Scholar
[23]	Sweetman A, Jarvis S, Danza R, Bamidele J, Kantorovich L, Moriarty P 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 085426 Google Scholar
[24]	Cocker T L, Jelic V, Gupta M, et al. 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 620 Google Scholar
[25]	Luo Y, Jelic V, Chen G, Nguyen P H, Liu Y J R, Calzada J A M, Mildenberger D J, Hegmann F A 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 205417 Google Scholar
[26]	Yoshioka K, Katayama I, Arashida Y, Ban A, Kawada Y, Konishi K, Takahashi H, Takeda J 2018 Nano Lett 18 5198 Google Scholar
[27]	Jelic V, Iwaszczuk K, Nguyen P H, et al. 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 591 Google Scholar
[28]	Yoshida S, Arashida Y, Hirori H, Tachizaki T, Taninaka A, Ueno H, Takeuchi O, Shigekawa H 2021 ACS Photonics 8 315 Google Scholar
[29]	Zrimsek A B, Chiang N, Mattei M, Zaleski S, McAnally M O, Chapman C T, Henry A I, Schatz G C, Van Duyne R P 2017 Chem. Rev. 117 7583 Google Scholar
[30]	Ding S Y, Yi J, Li J F, Ren B, Wu D Y, Panneerselvam R, Tian Z Q 2016 Nat. Rev. Mater. 1 16021 Google Scholar
[31]	Xu J, Zhu X, Tan S, Zhang Y, Li B, Tian Y, Shan H, Cui X, Zhao A, Dong Z, Yang J, Luo Y, Wang B, Hou J G 2021 Science 371 818 Google Scholar
[32]	Zhang R, Zhang Y, Dong Z C, Jiang S, Zhang C, Chen L G, Zhang L, Liao Y, Aizpurua J, Luo Y, Yang J L, Hou J G 2013 Nature 498 82 Google Scholar
[33]	Jiang S, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Hu C, Liao M, Luo Y, Yang J, Dong Z, Hou J G 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 865 Google Scholar
[34]	Dong Z C, Zhang X L, Gao H Y, Luo Y, Zhang C, Chen L G, Zhang R, Tao X, Zhang Y, Yang J L, Hou J G 2009 Nat. Photon. 4 50 Google Scholar
[35]	Zhang Y, Meng Q S, Zhang L, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15225 Google Scholar
[36]	Kong F F, Tian X J, Zhang Y, et al. 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 1280 Google Scholar
[37]	Zhang L, Yu Y J, Chen L G, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 580 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhang Y, Yang B, Ghafoor A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y F, Wang R P, Yang J L, Luo Y, Dong Z C, Hou J G 2019 Natl. Sci. Rev. 6 1169 Google Scholar
[39]	Zhang X, Wolf C, Wang Y, Aubin H, Bilgeri T, Willke P, Heinrich A J, Choi T 2022 Nat. Chem. 14 59
[40]	Bienfait A, Pla J J, Kubo Y, et al. 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 253 Google Scholar
[41]	Baumann S, Paul W, Choi T, Lutz C P, Ardavan A, Heinrich A J 2015 Science 350 417 Google Scholar
[42]	Song H, Kim Y, Jang Y H, Jeong H, Reed M A, Lee T 2009 Nature 462 1039 Google Scholar
[43]	Noginov M A, Zhu G, Belgrave A M, Bakker R, Shalaev V M, Narimanov E E, Stout S, Herz E, Suteewong T, Wiesner U 2009 Nature 460 1110 Google Scholar
[44]	Franke K J, Schulze G, Pascual J I 2011 Science 332 940 Google Scholar
[45]	Roch N, Florens S, Bouchiat V, Wernsdorfer W, Balestro F 2008 Nature 453 633 Google Scholar
[46]	Yoshida Y, Yang H H, Huang H S, et al. 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 114701 Google Scholar
[47]	Li X, Zhu L, Li B, Li J, Gao P, Yang L, Zhao A, Luo Y, Hou J, Zheng X, Wang B, Yang J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2566 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhao A, Li Q, Chen L, Xiang H, Wang W, Pan S, Wang B, Xiao X, Yang J, Hou J G, Zhu Q 2005 Science 309 1542 Google Scholar
[49]	Li R, Li N, Wang H, Weismann A, Zhang Y, Hou S, Wu K, Wang Y 2018 Chem. Commun. 54 9135 Google Scholar
[50]	Cai J, Ruffieux P, Jaafar R, Bieri M, Braun T, Blankenburg S, Muoth M, Seitsonen A P, Saleh M, Feng X, Müllen K, Fasel R 2010 Nature 466 470 Google Scholar
[51]	Moreno C, Vilas-Varela M, Kretz B, et al. 2018 Science 360 199 Google Scholar
[52]	Slota M, Keerthi A, Myers W K, et al. 2018 Nature 557 691 Google Scholar
[53]	Sun Q, Zhang R Y, Qiu J, Liu R, Xu W 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1705630 Google Scholar
[54]	Yano Y, Mitoma N, Ito H, Itami K 2020 J. Org. Chem. 85 4 Google Scholar
[55]	Clair S, de Oteyza D G 2019 Chem. Rev. 119 4717 Google Scholar
[56]	Hao Z L, Zhang H, Ruan Z L, Yan C X, Lu J C, Cai J M 2020 Chem. Nano Mat. 6 493 Google Scholar
[57]	Su X, Xue Z, Li G, Yu P 2018 Nano Lett. 18 5744 Google Scholar
[58]	Du Q, Pu W, Sun Z, Yu P 2020 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11 5022 Google Scholar
[59]	Li J, Sanz S, Merino-Diez N, Vilas-Varela M, Garcia-Lekue A, Corso M, de Oteyza D G, Frederiksen T, Pena D, Pascual J I 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 5538 Google Scholar
[60]	Lounis B, Moerner W E 2000 Nature 407 491 Google Scholar
[61]	Santori C, Fattal D, Vuckovic J, Solomon G S, Yamamoto Y 2002 Nature 419 594 Google Scholar
[62]	Sangouard N, Simon C, Minář J, Zbinden H, de Riedmatten H, Gisin N 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 050301 Google Scholar
[63]	Zhong H S, Li Y, Li W, Peng L C, Su Z E, Hu Y, He Y M, Ding X, Zhang W J, Li H, Zhang L, Wang Z, You L X, Wang X L, Jiang X, Li L, Chen Y A, Liu N L, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 250505 Google Scholar
[64]	Wang Y F, Li J F, Zhang S C, Su K Y, Zhou Y R, Liao K Y, Du S W, Yan H, Zhu S L 2019 Nat. Photon. 13 346 Google Scholar
[65]	Wang H, He Y M, Chung T H, Hu H, Yu Y, Chen S, Ding X, Chen M C, Qin J, Yang X X, Liu R Z, Duan Z C, Li J P, Gerhardt S, Winkler K, Jurkat J, Wang L J, Gregersen N, Huo Y H, Dai Q, Yu S Y, Hofling S, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2019 Nat. Photon. 13 770 Google Scholar
[66]	Rudolph T 2017 APL Photonics 2 030901 Google Scholar
[67]	Koenderink A F 2017 ACS Photonics 4 710 Google Scholar
[68]	Raha M, Chen S T, Phenicie C M, Ourari S, Dibos A M, Thompson J D 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 1605 Google Scholar
[69]	Dibos M, Raha M, Phenicie C M, Thompson J D 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 243601 Google Scholar
[70]	Wang H, Hu H, Chung T H, Qin J, Yang X X, Li J P, Liu R Z, Zhong H S, He Y M, Ding X, Deng Y H, Dai Q, Huo Y H, Hofling S, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 113602 Google Scholar
[71]	Tomm N, Javadi A, Antoniadis N O, Najer D, Lobl M C, Korsch A R, Schott R, Valentin S R, Wieck A D, Ludwig A, Warburton R J 2021 Nat. Nanotechnol. 16 399 Google Scholar
[72]	Senellart P, Solomon G, White A 2017 Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 1026 Google Scholar
[73]	Tawfik S A, Ali S, Fronzi M, Kianinia M, Tran T T, Stampfl C, Aharonovich I, Toth M, Ford M J 2017 Nanoscale 9 13575 Google Scholar
[74]	Kinkhabwala A, Yu Z, Fan S, Avlasevich Y, Müllen K, Moerner W E 2009 Nat. Photon. 3 654 Google Scholar
[75]	Dolezal J, Canola S, Merino P, Svec M 2021 ACS Nano 15 7694 Google Scholar
[76]	Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y J, Kuang Y M, Zhang L, Meng Q S, Luo Y, Yang J L, Dong Z C, Hou J G 2016 Nature 531 623 Google Scholar
[77]	Dolezal J, Merino P, Redondo J, Ondic L, Cahlik A, Svec M 2019 Nano Lett 19 8605 Google Scholar
[78]	Dolezal J, Mutombo P, Nachtigallova D, Jelinek P, Merino P, Svec M 2020 ACS Nano 14 8931 Google Scholar
[79]	Uemura T, Akai-Kasaya M, Saito A, Aono M, Kuwahara Y 2008 Surf. and Interf. Anal. 40 1050 Google Scholar
[80]	Uemura T, Furumoto M, Nakano T, Akai-Kasaya M, Saito A, Aono M, Kuwahara Y 2007 Chem. Phys. Lett. 448 232 Google Scholar
[81]	Qiao X, Yuan P, Ma D, Ahamad T, Alshehri S M 2017 Org. Electron. 46 1 Google Scholar
[82]	Miwa K, Sakaue M, Kasai H 2013 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8 204 Google Scholar
[83]	Chen G, Luo Y, Gao H, Jiang J, Yu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Dong Z 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 177401 Google Scholar
[84]	Luo Y, Chen G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Kong F, Tian X, Zhang Y, Shan C, Luo Y, Yang J, Sandoghdar V, Dong Z, Hou J G 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 233901 Google Scholar
[85]	Yang B, Chen G, Ghafoor A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Yang J, Sandoghdar V, Aizpurua J, Dong Z, Hou J G 2020 Nat. Photon. 14 693 Google Scholar
[86]	Imada H, Imai-Imada M, Miwa K, Yamane H, Iwasa T, Tanaka Y, Toriumi N, Kimura K, Yokoshi N, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Taketsugu T, Kato Y K, Ishihara H, Kim Y 2021 Science 373 95 Google Scholar
[87]	Chen J, Reed M A, Rawlett A M, Tour J M 1999 Science 286 1550 Google Scholar
[88]	Yao Z, Postma H W C, Balents L, Dekker C 1999 Nature 402 273 Google Scholar
[89]	Reed M A, Zhou C, Deshpande M R, Muller C J, Burgin T P, Jones L, Tour J M 1998 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 852 133 Google Scholar
[90]	Sessoli R, Gatteschi D, Caneschi A, Novak M A 1993 Nature 365 141 Google Scholar
[91]	Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu H, Dong L 2021 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 16 77 Google Scholar
[92]	Wrachtrup J, von Borczyskowski C, Bernard J, Orrit M, Brown R 1993 Nature 363 244 Google Scholar
[93]	Kohler J, Disselhorst J A J M, Donckers M C J M, Groenen E J J, Schmidt J, Moerner W E 1993 Nature 363 242 Google Scholar
[94]	Bayliss S L, Laorenza D W, Mintun P J, Kovos B D, Freedman D E, Awschalom D D 2020 Science 370 1309 Google Scholar
[95]	Rugar D, Budakian R, Mamin H J, Chui B W 2004 Nature 430 329 Google Scholar
[96]	Fan T, Tsifrinovich V I 2011 J. Comput. Theor. Nanos. 8 503 Google Scholar
[97]	Sidles J A, Garbini J L, Bruland K J, Rugar D, Züger O, Hoen S, Yannoni C S 1995 Rev. Mod. Phys. 67 249 Google Scholar
[98]	Lovchinsky I, Sushkov A O, Urbach E, de Leon N P, Choi S, De Greve K, Evans R, Gertner R, Bersin E, Muller C, McGuinness L, Jelezko F, Walsworth R L, Park H, Lukin M D 2016 Science 351 836 Google Scholar
[99]	Gehring P, Thijssen J M, van der Zant H S J 2019 Nat. Rev. Phys. 1 381 Google Scholar
[100]	She L M, Shen Z T, Xie Z Y, Wang L M, Song Y H, Wang X S, Jia Y, Zhang Z Y, Zhang W F 2021 arXiv: 2109.11193
[101]	Liu L, Yang K, Jiang Y, Song B, Xiao W, Li L, Zhou H, Wang Y, Du S, Ouyang M, Hofer W A, Castro Neto A H, Gao H J 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1210 Google Scholar
[102]	Komeda T, Isshiki H, Liu J, Zhang Y F, Lorente N, Katoh K, Breedlove B K, Yamashita M 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 217 Google Scholar
[103]	Liu J, Isshiki H, Katoh K, Morita T, Breedlove B K, Yamashita M, Komeda T 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 651 Google Scholar
[104]	Zhou J, Sun Q 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 15113 Google Scholar
[105]	Rumetshofer M, Bauernfeind D, Arrigoni E, von der Linden W 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 045148 Google Scholar
[106]	Hong I P, Li N, Zhang Y J, Wang H, Song H J, Bai M L, Zhou X, Li J L, Gu G C, Zhang X, Chen M, Gottfried J M, Wang D, Lu J T, Peng L M, Hou S M, Berndt R, Wu K, Wang Y F 2016 Chem. Commun. 52 10338 Google Scholar
[107]	Ormaza M, Abufager P, Verlhac B, Bachellier N, Bocquet M L, Lorente N, Limot L 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1974 Google Scholar
[108]	Xing Y Q, Chen H, Hu B, Ye Y H, Hofer W A, Gao H J 2021 Nano. Res. 15 1466
[109]	Wang X Y, Narita A, Mullen K 2018 Nat. Rev. Chem. 2 0100 Google Scholar
[110]	Zhou X H, Yu G 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 1905957 Google Scholar
[111]	Castro Neto A H, Guinea F, Peres N M R, Novoselov K S, Geim A K 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 109 Google Scholar
[112]	Jia X T, Campos-Delgado J, Terrones M, Meunier V, Dresselhaus M S 2011 Nanoscale 3 86 Google Scholar
[113]	Ma Y J, Zhi L J 2022 Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 38 2101004 Google Scholar
[114]	Son Y W, Cohen M L, Louie S G 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 216803 Google Scholar
[115]	Talirz L, Sode H, Dumslaff T, Wang S, Sanchez-Valencia J R, Liu J, Shinde P, Pignedoli C A, Liang L, Meunier V, Plumb N C, Shi M, Feng X, Narita A, Mullen K, Fasel R, Ruffieux P 2017 ACS Nano 11 1380 Google Scholar
[116]	Llinas J P, Fairbrother A, Barin G B, Shi W, Lee K, Wu S, Choi B Y, Braganza R, Lear J, Kau N, Choi W, Chen C, Pedramrazi Z, Dumslaff T, Narita A, Feng X L, Mullen K, Fischer F, Zettl A, Ruffieux P, Yablonovitch E, Crommie M, Fasel R, Bokor J 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 633 Google Scholar
[117]	Liu J Z, Feng X L 2020 Ange. Chem. Int. Ed. 59 23386 Google Scholar
[118]	Cui P, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Li X, Wang W, Li Q, Zeng C, Zhang Z 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 026802 Google Scholar
[119]	Wang W L, Yazyev O V, Meng S, Kaxiras E 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 157201 Google Scholar
[120]	Avouris P, Chen Z H, Perebeinos V 2007 Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 605 Google Scholar
[121]	Cao T, Zhao F, Louie S G 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 076401 Google Scholar
[122]	Groning O, Wang S Y, Yao X L, Pignedoli C A, Barin G B, Daniels C, Cupo A, Meunier V, Feng X L, Narita A, Mullen K, Ruffieux P, Fasel R 2018 Nature 560 209 Google Scholar
[123]	Rizzo D J, Veber G, Cao T, Bronner C, Chen T, Zhao F, Rodriguez H, Louie S G, Crommie M F, Fischer F R 2018 Nature 560 204 Google Scholar
[124]	Li J, Sanz S, Corso M, Choi D J, Pena D, Frederiksen T, Pascual J I 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 200 Google Scholar
[125]	Mishra S, Catarina G, Wu F, Ortiz R, Jacob D, Eimre K, Ma J, Pignedoli C A, Feng X, Ruffieux P, Fernandez-Rossier J, Fasel R 2021 Nature 598 287 Google Scholar
[126]	Zheng Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Beyer D, Wang G, Xu C, Yue X, Chen Y, Guan D D, Li Y Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Luo W, Feng X, Wang S, Jia J 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 147206 Google Scholar
[127]	Gomes K K, Mar W, Ko W, Guinea F, Manoharan H C 2012 Nature 483 306 Google Scholar
[128]	Yin R, Ma L, Wang Z, Ma C, Chen X, Wang B 2020 ACS Nano 14 7513 Google Scholar
[129]	Zhang Y, Brar V W, Wang F, Girit C, Yayon Y, Panlasigui M, Zettl A, Crommie M F 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 627 Google Scholar
[130]	Watanabe N, Miyato Y, Tachiki M, Hayashi T, He D, Itozaki H 2012 Physics Procedia 36 300 Google Scholar
[131]	Assig M, Etzkorn M, Enders A, Stiepany W, Ast C R, Kern K 2013 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84 033903 Google Scholar

[1]	李锦芳, 何东山, 王一平. 一维耦合腔晶格中磁子-光子拓扑相变和拓扑量子态的调制. , 2024, 73(4): 044203. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231519
[2]	刘瑶, 何军, 苏楠, 蔡婷, 刘智慧, 刁文婷, 王军民. 用于铯原子里德伯态激发的509 nm波长脉冲激光系统. , 2023, 72(6): 060303. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222286
[3]	余桂芳, 李志浩, 肖天琦, 冯田峰, 周晓祺. 基于薄膜铌酸锂的模式色散相位匹配单光子源. , 2023, 72(15): 154204. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230743
[4]	郑智勇, 陈立杰, 向吕, 王鹤, 王一平. 一维超导微波腔晶格中反旋波效应对拓扑相变和拓扑量子态的调制. , 2023, 72(24): 244204. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20231321
[5]	刘浪, 王一平. 基于可调频光力晶格中声子-光子拓扑性质的模拟和探测. , 2022, 71(22): 224202. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221286
[6]	王伟, 王一平. 一维超导传输线腔晶格中的拓扑相变和拓扑量子态的调制. , 2022, 71(19): 194203. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220675
[7]	隋文杰, 张玉, 张紫瑞, 王小龙, 张洪方, 史强, 杨冰. 拓扑自旋光子晶体中螺旋边界态单向传输调控研究. , 2022, 71(19): 194101. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220353
[8]	施婷婷, 汪六九, 王璟琨, 张威. 自旋轨道耦合量子气体中的一些新进展. , 2020, 69(1): 016701. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20191241
[9]	吴瑞祥, 张国峰, 乔志星, 陈瑞云. 外电场操控单分子的偶极取向极化特性研究. , 2019, 68(12): 128201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190361
[10]	张志模, 张文号, 付英双. 二维拓扑绝缘体的扫描隧道显微镜研究. , 2019, 68(22): 226801. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20191631
[11]	张尧, 张杨, 董振超. 单分子尺度的光量子态调控与单分子电致发光研究. , 2018, 67(22): 223301. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181718
[12]	李斌, 张国峰, 景明勇, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 高岩, 肖连团, 贾锁堂. 利用单分子光学探针测量幂律分布的聚合物动力学. , 2016, 65(21): 218201. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.218201
[13]	庞宗强, 张悦, 戎舟, 江兵, 刘瑞兰, 唐超. 利用扫描隧道显微镜研究水分子在Cu(110)表面的吸附与分解. , 2016, 65(22): 226801. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.226801
[14]	李竟成, 赵爱迪, 王兵. Au(111)表面吸附单个八乙基钴卟啉分子的电子态和输运性质调控. , 2015, 64(7): 076803. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.076803
[15]	韩清瑶, 汤俊超, 张弨, 王川, 马海强, 于丽, 焦荣珍. 局域态密度对表面等离激元特性影响的研究. , 2012, 61(13): 135202. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.135202
[16]	马海强, 王素梅, 吴令安. 基于偏振纠缠光子对的单光子源. , 2009, 58(2): 717-721. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.717
[17]	张国峰, 程峰钰, 贾锁堂, 孙建虎, 肖连团, 张芳. 室温单分子偶极取向与量子化再取向动力学实验研究. , 2009, 58(4): 2364-2368. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.2364
[18]	彭双艳, 黄涛, 王晓波, 邵军虎, 肖连团, 贾锁堂. 基于光子统计测量的单分子判别. , 2005, 54(11): 5116-5120. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.5116
[19]	嵇英华. 脉冲信号对介观RLC电路量子态的影响. , 2003, 52(3): 692-695. doi: 10.7498/aps.52.692
[20]	秦伟平, 秦冠仕, 张继森, 吴长锋, 王继伟, 杜国同. 单分子-光子制冷泵的热力学行为. , 2001, 50(8): 1467-1474. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.1467

计量

文章访问数: 7370
PDF下载量: 207
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

搜索

留言板