水下环形凹槽圆柱体散射声场空间指向性调控

周彦玲; 范军; 王斌; 李兵

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20210111

摘要

本文提出一种具有深度梯度的环形凹槽结构, 可用于调控水中有限长刚性圆柱体散射声场空间指向性. 基于声学相位阵列理论分析了环形凹槽圆柱声散射空间指向性改变的机理, 研究表明: 凹槽深度方向相位延迟和凹槽间Bragg散射的相互作用使得平面声波垂直于圆柱方向入射其正横方向散射声波发生偏转. 采用有限元方法讨论了凹槽结构参数如占空比、梯度等对圆柱散射声场空间分布特征的影响规律. 多个不同深度梯度环形凹槽单元组合圆柱体散射声场数值计算和实验结果显示: 具有环形凹槽结构圆柱体正横方向散射声波均匀偏转到预定的空间范围内, 使得圆柱体声散射场空间指向性均衡化, 改变了圆柱整体的散射特征, 这为水下目标声隐身设计和声波定向传播提供了新的方法.

关键词:

Abstract

An annular groove (AG) structure with depth gradient is proposed which can manipulate the spatial distribution of the acoustic scattering field for a finite rigid cylinder in water. An analytical analysis is given for better understanding the underlying mechanism of the abnormal scattered wave, which can be accomplished by using the phased array theory. When the plane acoustic wave is normally incident, the scattering acoustic wave in the transverse direction of the cylinder deflects, which is due to the interaction between the phase delay modulated by the AG structure with varying groove depths and the Bragg scattering of adjacent grooves. The finite element method is used to calculate the acoustic scattering field of a finite rigid cylinder with annular grooves and obtain the frequency and spatial distribution characteristics. How the structural parameters such as depth, gradient, and duty ratio of the annular grooves affect the acoustic scattering field is discussed in detail. The results show that the target strength in the transverse direction decreases linearly with duty ratio increasing while the target strength in the deflection direction of the acoustic wave increases with the duty ratio until δ = 30%, after which it remains almost constant. When the incident acoustic wave is fixed, the acoustic scattering wave of the AG cylinder can be deflected by designing the gradient appropriately, and the deflection direction is independent of the frequency. Numerical and experimental results for a cylinder with multiple annular-groove units show that the spatial directivity of the scattering field of the grooved cylinder changes, and the target strength is enhanced at six pre-designed deflection angles. Meanwhile, the deflected acoustic wave has a certain width and the interference among periodic structures of the AG units exists, which makes the spatial directivity of the scattering field of the cylinder equalize and changes the scattering characteristics of the cylinder, thereby providing a theoretical basis for designing three-dimensional underwater objects each with an acoustic stealth.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

上海交通大学, 海洋工程国家重点实验室, 高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心, 上海　200240

通信作者: 范军, fanjun@sjtu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11774229)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author: Fan Jun, fanjun@sjtu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11774229)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Li Y, Liang B, Gu Z M, Zou X Y, Cheng J C 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2546 Google Scholar
[2]	Zhao J J, Li B W, Chen Z N, Qiu C W 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2537 Google Scholar
[3]	Zhao J J, Li B W, Chen Z N, Qiu C W 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 151604 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 (a)具有环形凹槽结构圆柱示意图; (b)蓝色虚线框局部放大; (c)圆柱散射声场收发分置示意图

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of an annular groove cylinder; (b) details of the blue dotted box; (c) bistatic diagram of simulation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 频率-角度谱　（a)刚性圆柱; (b)环形凹槽结构圆柱

Fig. 2. Frequency-angle spectra of target strength of the finite: (a) Rigid cylinder; (b) annular groove cylinder

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 凹槽圆柱归一化指向性函数频率-角度谱

Fig. 3. Frequency-angle spectra of the normalized directional factors for the annular groove cylinder by Eq. (5)

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图 4 频率f = 80 kHz占空比δ = 0和δ = 83.3%凹槽圆柱目标强度空间指向性

Fig. 4. Spatial directivity of target strength of the annular groove cylinder with δ = 0 and 83.3% at f = 80 kHz.

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图 5 f = 80 kHz, 不同占空比凹槽圆柱在45°和90°方位目标强度

Fig. 5. Target strength of the annular groove cylinder with varying δ in the 45° and 90° direction at f = 80 kHz.

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图 6 f = 80 kHz, 不同梯度环形凹槽结构圆柱目标强度空间指向性

Fig. 6. Spatial directivity of target strength of the annular groove cylinder with different g at f = 80 kHz.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 6个环形凹槽单元组合圆柱目标强度指向性, f = 80 kHz

Fig. 7. Spatial directivity of target strength of the cylinder with six annular groove units at f = 80 kHz

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 实验模型

Fig. 8. Experimental models.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 实验装置布放图

Fig. 9. Diagram of experimental system setup.

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图 10 时间-角度谱　(a)刚性圆柱; (b)环形凹槽单元组合圆柱

Fig. 10. Time-angle spectra: (a) Rigid cylinder; (b) annular groove cylinder.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 凹槽单元组合圆柱目标强度频率-角度谱　(a)数值计算结果; (b)实验结果; (c) 6个凹槽单元圆柱二维图

Fig. 11. Frequency-angle spectra of target strength for annular groove cylinder: (a) Numerical result; (b) experimental result; (c) 2-D geometry of the annular groove cylinder.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 频率f = 80 kHz凹槽圆柱目标强度指向性

Fig. 12. The normalized directivity of target strength for cylinder with six annular groove units at f = 80 kHz

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 频率f = 80 kHz圆柱和凹槽圆柱目标强度实验结果对比

Fig. 13. The comparison of target strength in experiment between cylinder and annular groove cylinder at f = 80 kHz

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

map

[1]	Li Y, Liang B, Gu Z M, Zou X Y, Cheng J C 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2546 Google Scholar
[2]	Zhao J J, Li B W, Chen Z N, Qiu C W 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2537 Google Scholar
[3]	Zhao J J, Li B W, Chen Z N, Qiu C W 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 151604 Google Scholar
[4]	Li Y, Xue J, Li R Q, Liang B, Zou X Y, Yin L L, Cheng J C 2014 Phys. Rev. Appl. 2 064002 Google Scholar
[5]	Mei J, Wu Y 2014 New J. Phys. 16 123007 Google Scholar
[6]	Fan X D, Zhu Y F, Liang B, Yang J, Cheng J C 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 243501 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhu Y F, Fan X D, Liang B, Yang J, Yang J, Yin L L, Cheng J C 2016 AIP Adv. 6 121702 Google Scholar
[8]	Ye Y T, Ke M Z, Li Y X, Wang T, Liu Z Y 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 154504 Google Scholar
[9]	Chen J, Sun Z Q, Fan Z 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 254102 Google Scholar
[10]	Li J F, Wang W Q, Xie Y B, Popa B I, Cummer S A 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 091908 Google Scholar
[11]	Long H Y, Cheng Y, Liu X J 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 143502 Google Scholar
[12]	Long H Y, Gao S X, Cheng Y, Liu X J 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 033507 Google Scholar
[13]	Li Y and M. Assouar B 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 063502 Google Scholar
[14]	Melde K, Mark A G, Qiu T, Fischer P 2016 Nature 537 518 Google Scholar
[15]	Tian Y, Wei Q, Cheng Y, Liu X J 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 191901 Google Scholar
[16]	Xie Y B, Shen C, Wang W Q, Li J F, Suo D J, Popa B Jing Y, Cummer S A 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 35437 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhu Y F, Assouar B 2019 Phys. Rev. Mater. 3 045201 Google Scholar
[18]	Christensen J, Fernandez D A I, De L P F, Martin M L, Garcia V F J 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 851 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhu J, Chen Y Y, Zhu X F, Garcia V F J, Yin X B, Zhang W L, Zhang X 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1728 Google Scholar
[20]	Jia H, Lu M H, Ni X, Bao M, Li X D 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 116 124504 Google Scholar
[21]	Jia H, Lu M H, Wang Q C, Bao M, Li X D 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 103505 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhu Y F, Zou X Y, Li R Q, Jiang X, Tu J, Liang B, Cheng J C 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 10966 Google Scholar
[23]	Srivastava P, Nichols B, Sabra K G 2017 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 142 EL573 Google Scholar
[24]	Wu X X, Xia X X, Tian J X, Liu Z Y, Wen W J 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 163502 Google Scholar
[25]	Liu J F, Declercq N F 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 261603 Google Scholar
[26]	Lee H K, Jung M, Kim M, Shin R, Kang S, Ohm W, Kim Y T 2018 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143 1534 Google Scholar
[27]	程建春 2019 声学原理 (北京: 科学出版社) 第89−90页 Cheng J C 2019 Acoustical Principle (Beijing: Science Press) pp89−90 (in Chinese)
[28]	朱一凡, 梁彬, 程建春 2018 应用声学 37 53 Google Scholar Zhu Y F, Liang B, Cheng J C 2018 J. Appl. Acoust. 37 53 Google Scholar
[29]	汤渭霖, 陈德智 1988 声学学报 1 29 Tang W L, Chen D Z 1988 Acta. Acustica. 1 29
[30]	汤渭霖, 范军, 马忠诚 2018 水中目标声散射 (北京: 科学出版社) 第55−66页 Tang W L, Fan J, Ma Z C 2018 Acoustic Scattering of Underwater Targets (Beijing: Science Press) pp55−66 (in Chinese)

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水下环形凹槽圆柱体散射声场空间指向性调控