80.5 MeV/u碳离子诱发铜靶的放射性剩余产物测量

周斌; 于全芝; 张宏斌; 张雪荧; 鞠永芹; 陈亮; 阮锡超

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201503

摘要

高能重带电粒子能直接穿透靶原子核外电子层, 与原子核发生直接碰撞, 发生散裂反应, 产生一系列具有放射性的剩余产物核. 重带电粒子诱发靶材放射性剩余核与辐射防护和人员安全有着密切联系, 当前, 大部分剩余核产额主要依靠蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序进行模拟计算, 其准确程度亟需通过实验测量进行准确评估. 本文利用能量为80.5 MeV/u的¹²C⁶⁺ 粒子对薄铜靶开展了辐照实验与伽玛射线测量, 结合伽玛谱学分析方法, 得出了辐照产生的18种放射性剩余产物的初始活度和产生截面值, 并与PHITS模拟结果进行对比. 结果表明, PHITS模拟程序对放射性剩余核种类的估计具有较高可靠性, 在其绝对产额方面, 与实验测量仍具有较大偏差.

关键词:

Abstract

Radioactive residual nuclides, which are usually closely related to radiation protection and personnel safety, will be generated when target materials are irradiated by high energy particles. Based on different nuclear reaction models, Monte Carlo code is a usual method to obtain residual nuclide production. The simulation accuracy needs to be evaluated by experimental data. In this paper, an irradiation experiment of thin copper target irradiated by ¹²C⁶⁺ particles with energy of 80.5 MeV/u is carried out. The radioactivities and cross-sections of 18 radioactive residual nuclides are obtained by gamma spectrometry analysis. Compared with the Monte Carlo simulation by PHITS, the results show that the spallation model of PHITS has a high reliability in estimating the types of radioactive residual nuclei, and it could be optimized in the aspect of the absolute yield.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
散裂中子源科学中心, 东莞　523803

2.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京　100190

3.
中国科学院近代物理研究所, 兰州　730000

4.
中国原子能科学研究院, 北京　102413

5.
松山湖材料实验室, 东莞　523808

通信作者: 于全芝, qzhyu@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11575289)与中国科学院关键技术人才项目资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China

2.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

3.
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

4.
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China

5.
Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China

Corresponding author: Yu Quan-Zhi, qzhyu@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11575289) and CAS Key Technology Talent Program

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Xia J W, Zhan W L, Wei B W, et al. 2002 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 488 11 Google Scholar
[2]	Wei J, Chen H S, Chen Y W, et al. 2009 Nucl. Instumr. Methods Phys. Res., A 600 10 Google Scholar
[3]	朱升云, 郭刚, 何明, 吴振东, 袁大庆, 隋丽, 焦学胜, 常宏伟, 左义, 范平, 葛智刚, 陈东风 2020 原子能科学技术 54 1 Google Scholar Zhu S Y, Guo G, He M, Wu Z D, Ruan D Q, Sui L, Jiao X S, Chang H W, Zuo Y, Fan P, Ge Z G, Chen D F 2020 Atom. Ener. Sci. Technol. 54 1 Google Scholar
[4]	刘世耀 2012 质子和重离子治疗及其装置 (北京: 科学出版社) 第152页 Liu S Y 2012 Proton and Heavy Ions Therapy and Facility (Beijing: Science Press) p152 (in Chinses)
[5]	Villagrasa-Cabton C, Boudard A, Ducret J E, et al. 2007 Phys. Rev. C 75 044603 Google Scholar
[6]	林源根, 詹文龙, 郭忠言, 等 1998 47 564 Google Scholar Lin Y G, Zhan W L, Guo Z Y, et al. 1998 Acta Phys. Sin. 47 564 Google Scholar
[7]	Roger E B, Daniel R M, Glenn T S 1951 Phys. Rev. 84 671 Google Scholar
[8]	Cumming J B, Haustein P E, Stoenner R W 1974 Phys. Rev. C 10 739 Google Scholar
[9]	Cumming J B, Stoenner R W 1976 Phys. Rev. C 14 1554 Google Scholar
[10]	Cumming J B, Haustein P E, Ruth T J, Virtes G J 1978 Phys. Rev. C 17 1632 Google Scholar
[11]	Porile N T, Cole G D, Rudy C R 1979 Phys. Rev. C 19 2288 Google Scholar
[12]	Hicks K H, Ward T E, Bowman H, et al. 1982 Phys. Rev. C 26 2016 Google Scholar
[13]	Whitfield J P, Porile N T, 1993 Phys. Rev. C 47 1636 Google Scholar
[14]	Michel R, Gloris M, Lange H J, et al. 1995 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 103 183 Google Scholar
[15]	Michel R, Bodemann R, Busemann H, et al. 1997 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 129 153 Google Scholar
[16]	Titarenko Y E, Shvedov O V, Igumnov M M, et al. 1998 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 414 73 Google Scholar
[17]	Titarenko Y E, Shvedov O V, Batyaev V F, et al. 2002 Phys.Rev.C 65 064610 Google Scholar
[18]	Yashima H, Uwamino Y, Sugita H, et al. 2002 Phys.Rev.C 66 044607 Google Scholar
[19]	Yashima H, Uwamino Y, Iwase H, et al. 2004 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 226 243 Google Scholar
[20]	Shams A M, Uosif M A, Michel R, et al. 2013 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 298 19 Google Scholar
[21]	Ogawa T, Morev M N, Sato T, Hashimoto S ???? Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 300 35
[22]	Ge H L, Ma F, Zhang X Y, et al. 2014 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 337 34 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhang H B, Zhang X Y, Ma F, et al. 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 042501 Google Scholar
[24]	Tatsuhiko S, Koji N, Norihiro M, et al. 2013 J Nucl. Sci. Technol. 50 913 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 铜靶冷却后的伽玛能谱

Fig. 1. Gamma spectra of the copper target.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 放射性剩余核分析流程图

Fig. 2. Diagram to analyze radioactive residual nuclei.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 长半衰期放射性剩余核的测量活度值

Table 1. Radioactivity of long-life residual nuclides

剩余核名称	半衰期/d	T = 11.8 d/Bq	T = 6.8 d/Bq	推导值/Bq	T = 3.8 d/Bq	推导值/Bq
⁵¹Cr	27.7	1526.2	1695.1	1729.6	1831.9	1864.5
⁴⁸V	15.97	1107.9	1351.0	1376.4	1512.9	1567.8
⁵²Mn	5.59	934.9	1690.1	1737.9	2437.4	2521.0
⁵⁸Co	70.82	876.1	893.5	920.0	949.7	947.5
⁵⁶Co	77.27	239.1	233.5	250.1	233.6	256.9
^{44 m}Sc	2.44	228.9	907.4	536.4	2105.5	2218.0
⁵⁷Co	271.79	211.3	209.4	214.0	216.5	215.7
⁴⁶Sc	83.79	169.7	179.9	176.9	174.9	181.3
⁴⁷Sc	3.345	155.2	433.7	437.4	799.6	814.4
⁵⁴Mn	312.3	140.7	139.8	142.3	139.2	143.2
⁵⁹Fe	44.5	58.1	55.6	60.9	65.1	65.8

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 剩余核实验测量与模拟活度值(冷却时间3.8 d)

Table 2. Radioactivity of residual nuclides in copper target by measurement and PHITS simulation (cooling for 3.8 d).

剩余核名称	半衰期	模拟活度值/Bq	实测活度值/Bq	Exp./Cal.
⁴⁷Sc	3.345d	2832.3	799.6 ± 29.9	0.28
⁵¹Cr	27.7d	1953.0	1831.9 ± 68.5	0.94
⁴⁴Sc	2.927h	1920.0	4507.8 ± 288.6	2.47
⁴⁸V	15.97d	1642.2	1512.9 ± 110.1	0.86
^44mSc	58.6h	1813.3	2105.5 ± 78.8	1.22
⁴⁸Sc	43.67h	1416.6	152.0 ± 13.2	0.11
⁵²Mn	5.59d	1106.3	2437.4 ± 111.7	2.20
⁵⁸Co	70.82d	915.5	949.7 ± 43.5	1.04
⁷Be	53.29d	776.7	186.3 ± 12.9	0.24
⁴³K	22.3h	598.6	143.3 ± 5.4	0.24
³²P	14.26d	490.4	纯β衰变	—
⁵⁷Ni	35.6h	486.5	203.2 ± 13.5	0.42
⁴⁶Sc	83.79d	408.7	174.9 ± 9.6	0.43
³³P	14.26d	327.8	纯β衰变	—
⁴⁷Ca	4.536d	233.2	特征峰微弱	—
⁵⁷Co	271.79d	214.4	216.5 ± 8.1	1.01
⁵⁶Co	77.27d	213.3	233.6 ± 15.5	1.09
³⁷Ar	35.04d	208.6	纯β衰变	—
⁵⁴Mn	312.3d	199.6	139.2 ± 6.4	0.70
⁴²K	12.36h	176.3	特征峰微弱	—
⁴⁹V	330d	163.5	纯β衰变	—
³H	12.33a	130.3	纯β衰变
⁵⁵Co	17.53h	116.4	133.1 ± 13.8	1.14
⁵⁹Fe	44.5d	109.4	61.8 ± 5.8	0.56
⁴⁸Cr	21.56h	93.5	47.5 ± 1.8	0.51

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 铜靶放射性剩余产物的反应截面

Table 3. Cross sections of residual nuclides in copper target by measurement and PHITS simulation.

剩余核名称	测量截面值/mb	模拟截面值/mb
⁷Be	9.11 ± 0.98	38.0
⁴³K	2.05 ± 0.19	8.6
^{44 m}Sc	13.37 ± 1.21	10.9
⁴⁶Sc	13.21 ± 1.31	30.9
⁴⁷Sc	5.10 ± 0.46	18.1
⁴⁸Sc	1.04 ± 0.13	9.7
⁴⁸V	24.93 ± 2.75	28.5
⁴⁸Cr	0.72 ± 0.07	1.4
⁵¹Cr	48.78 ± 4.41	48.0
⁵²Mn	19.16 ± 1.81	8.7
⁵⁴Mn	38.28 ± 3.61	38.3
⁵⁵Co	3.26 ± 0.43	2.9
⁵⁶Co	16.31 ± 1.72	14.9
⁵⁷Co	51.88 ± 4.69	51.4
⁵⁸Co	60.97 ± 5.76	58.8
⁵⁷Ni	1.59 ± 0.17	3.8
⁵⁹Fe	2.55 ± 0.32	4.5

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Xia J W, Zhan W L, Wei B W, et al. 2002 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 488 11 Google Scholar
[2]	Wei J, Chen H S, Chen Y W, et al. 2009 Nucl. Instumr. Methods Phys. Res., A 600 10 Google Scholar
[3]	朱升云, 郭刚, 何明, 吴振东, 袁大庆, 隋丽, 焦学胜, 常宏伟, 左义, 范平, 葛智刚, 陈东风 2020 原子能科学技术 54 1 Google Scholar Zhu S Y, Guo G, He M, Wu Z D, Ruan D Q, Sui L, Jiao X S, Chang H W, Zuo Y, Fan P, Ge Z G, Chen D F 2020 Atom. Ener. Sci. Technol. 54 1 Google Scholar
[4]	刘世耀 2012 质子和重离子治疗及其装置 (北京: 科学出版社) 第152页 Liu S Y 2012 Proton and Heavy Ions Therapy and Facility (Beijing: Science Press) p152 (in Chinses)
[5]	Villagrasa-Cabton C, Boudard A, Ducret J E, et al. 2007 Phys. Rev. C 75 044603 Google Scholar
[6]	林源根, 詹文龙, 郭忠言, 等 1998 47 564 Google Scholar Lin Y G, Zhan W L, Guo Z Y, et al. 1998 Acta Phys. Sin. 47 564 Google Scholar
[7]	Roger E B, Daniel R M, Glenn T S 1951 Phys. Rev. 84 671 Google Scholar
[8]	Cumming J B, Haustein P E, Stoenner R W 1974 Phys. Rev. C 10 739 Google Scholar
[9]	Cumming J B, Stoenner R W 1976 Phys. Rev. C 14 1554 Google Scholar
[10]	Cumming J B, Haustein P E, Ruth T J, Virtes G J 1978 Phys. Rev. C 17 1632 Google Scholar
[11]	Porile N T, Cole G D, Rudy C R 1979 Phys. Rev. C 19 2288 Google Scholar
[12]	Hicks K H, Ward T E, Bowman H, et al. 1982 Phys. Rev. C 26 2016 Google Scholar
[13]	Whitfield J P, Porile N T, 1993 Phys. Rev. C 47 1636 Google Scholar
[14]	Michel R, Gloris M, Lange H J, et al. 1995 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 103 183 Google Scholar
[15]	Michel R, Bodemann R, Busemann H, et al. 1997 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 129 153 Google Scholar
[16]	Titarenko Y E, Shvedov O V, Igumnov M M, et al. 1998 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 414 73 Google Scholar
[17]	Titarenko Y E, Shvedov O V, Batyaev V F, et al. 2002 Phys.Rev.C 65 064610 Google Scholar
[18]	Yashima H, Uwamino Y, Sugita H, et al. 2002 Phys.Rev.C 66 044607 Google Scholar
[19]	Yashima H, Uwamino Y, Iwase H, et al. 2004 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 226 243 Google Scholar
[20]	Shams A M, Uosif M A, Michel R, et al. 2013 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 298 19 Google Scholar
[21]	Ogawa T, Morev M N, Sato T, Hashimoto S ???? Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 300 35
[22]	Ge H L, Ma F, Zhang X Y, et al. 2014 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 337 34 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhang H B, Zhang X Y, Ma F, et al. 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 042501 Google Scholar
[24]	Tatsuhiko S, Koji N, Norihiro M, et al. 2013 J Nucl. Sci. Technol. 50 913 Google Scholar

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