近Bohr速度I<sup>20+</sup>离子在不同靶面上的L壳层X射线辐射

周贤明; 尉静; 程锐; 赵永涛; 曾利霞; 梅策香; 梁昌慧; 李耀宗; 张小安; 肖国青

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201236

摘要

在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室, 利用硅漂移X射线探测器探测了4.5 MeV I²⁰⁺离子入射到Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn靶表面时产生I的L壳层X射线. 实验观察到Lι, Lα_{1, 2}, Lβ_{1, 3, 4}, Lβ_{2, 15}, Lγ₁, Lγ_{2, 3, 4, 4'}等6组分辨较好的谱线, 各分支X射线的能量发生了蓝移; Lβ_{1, 3, 4}, Lβ_{2, 15}与Lα_{1, 2}谱线的相对强度比随靶原子序数的增大基本线性增加, Lι与Lα_{1, 2}, Lγ_{2, 3, 4, 4'}与Lγ₁X射线的相对强度比近似与靶原子序数的平方成正比. 分析表明, 玻尔速度附近能量的低速高电荷态离子与固体靶原子碰撞产生的内壳层过程存在直接库仑电离和电子俘获的双重综合作用, 这使得内壳层X射线发射时, 外壳层仍存在多个空穴, 导致辐射X射线的频移和分支比的变化.

关键词:

离子原子碰撞 /
X射线 /
多电离

Abstract

The L-shell X-ray emissions of iodine are investigated as a function of target atomic number for 4.5-MeV I²⁰⁺ ions impacting on Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn targets. Six distinct L-subshell X-rays are observed. The energy of the x-ray has a blue shift compared with the atomic data. The relative intensity ratio of Lβ_{1, 3, 4} and Lβ_{2, 15} to Lα_{1, 2} almost increase linearly with the target atomic number increasing. The ratio of I(Lι) to I(Lα_{1, 2}) and I (Lγ_{2, 3, 4, 4'}) to I(Lγ₁) are approximately proportional to the square of target atomic number. It is indicated that during the interaction of highly charged heavy ions with atom in the energy region near the Bohr velocity, the inner-shell process is mainly caused by the close-range collisions below the surface. There, the projectile not only has enough time to capture electrons from the target atom to be neutralized, but also has enough kinetic energy to ionize the inner-shell electron by coulomb interaction. At the balance between electron capture and ionization, the outer-shells of M, N, O etc. could be multiply ionized. The extent of multiple ionization increases with the target atomic number increasing. That leads to the energy shift, resulting in the change of the relative intensity ratio for the L-subshell X-ray. The smaller the atomic fluorescence, the larger the enhanced fluorescence caused by multiple ionization.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
咸阳师范学院与中国科学院近代物理研究所联合共建-离子束与光物理实验室, 咸阳　712000

2.
中国科学院近代物理研究所, 兰州　730000

3.
西安交通大学理学院, 西安　710049

通信作者: 张小安, zhangxiaoan2000@126.com

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2017YFA0402300)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11505248, 11775042, 11875096)、陕西省教育厅专项科研计划(批准号: 20JK0975)和陕西省科技厅自然科学基础研究计划(批准号: 2020JM-624)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Ion Beam and Optical Physics Joint Laboratory of Xianyang Normal University and Institute of Modern physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianyang 712000, China

2.
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

3.
School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Xiao-An, zhangxiaoan2000@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0402300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11505248, 11775042, 11875096), the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. 20JK0975), and the Scientific Research Plan of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2020JM-624)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Siddique N, Waheed S, Daud M, Markwitz A, Hopke P K 2012 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 293 351 Google Scholar
[2]	Mitra D, Sarkar M, Bhattacharya D, Santra S, Mandal A C, Lapicki G 2010 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 268 450 Google Scholar
[3]	Reyes-Herrera J, Miranda J 2009 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 267 1767
[4]	Beasley D, Gomez-Morilla I, Spyrou N 2008 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 276 101 Google Scholar
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[15]	何斌, 刘春雷, 颜君, 王建国, 宁烨 2005 54 3075 Google Scholar He B, Liu C L, Yan J, Wang J G, Ning Y 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3075 Google Scholar
[16]	Briand J P, Billy L, Charles P, Essabaa S 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 159
[17]	Briand J P, de Billy L, Charles P, et al. 1991 Phys. Rev. A 43 565 Google Scholar
[18]	Briand J P, Thuriez S, Giardino G, Borsoni G, Froment M, Eddrief M, Sébenne C 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 1452
[19]	Burgdörfer J, Lerner P, Meyer F W 1991 Phys. Rev. A 44 5674 Google Scholar
[20]	Mcguire J H, Richards P 1973 Phys. Rev. A 8 1374
[21]	Johnson D E, Basbas G, McDaniel F D 1979 At. Data Nucl. Data tables 24 1
[22]	Lapicki G, Mcdaniel F D 1980 Phys. Rev. A 22 1896 Google Scholar
[23]	Słabkowska K, Polasik M 2006 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 75 1471
[24]	Czarnota M, Pajek M, Banas D, Chmielewska D, Rzadkiewicz J, Sujkowski Z, Dousse J C, Berset M, Mauron O, Maillard Y P, Raboud P A, Hoszowska J, Polasik M, łabkowska K S 2003 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 205 133
[25]	Clark M W, Schneider D, Dewitt D, McDonald J W, Bruch R, Schuch R 1993 Phys. Rev. A 47 3983 Google Scholar
[26]	Zhao Y, Xiao G, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhan W, Chen X, Li F 2007 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 258 121
[27]	Datz S, Moak C D, Appleton B R, Carlson T A 1971 Phys. Rev. Lett. 27 363
[28]	X-ray data book: http://xdb.lbl.gov/; Table of Isotopes: http://ie.lbl.gov/atom.htm
[29]	Krause M O 1979 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 8 307
[30]	Crawford J, Cohen D, Doherty G, Atanacio A 2011 Calculated K, L and M-shell X-ray Line Intensities for Light ion Impact on Selected Targets from Z = 6 to 100 (Sydney: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization) pp29−44

施引文献

图 1 4.5 MeV I²⁰⁺离子作用于不同靶材激发的L壳层X射线. 虚线为各分支谱线的拟合, 实线为总的实验谱线的拟合结果

Fig. 1. I L-shell X-ray induced by 4.5 MeV I²⁰⁺ ions impacting on various targets. The dotted line is the fitted results of sub-shell X ray. Line is the fitted results of the total experiment spectra.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 L壳层分支X射线跃迁图

Fig. 2. Transitions of L-subshell X-rays.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 I的Lβ_{1, 3, 4}与Lα_{1, 2} X射线相对强度比随靶原子序数的变化

Fig. 3. Relative intensity ratios of I Lβ_{1, 3, 4} and Lα_{1, 2} x-ray as a function of target atomic number.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 I的Lγ_{2, 3, 4, 4'}与Lγ₁X射线相对强度比随靶原子序数的变化

Fig. 6. Relative intensity ratios of I Lγ_{2, 3, 4, 4'} and Lγ₁ X-ray as a function of target atomic number.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 I的Lβ_{2, 15}与Lα_{1, 2} X射线相对强度比随靶原子序数的变化

Fig. 4. Relative intensity ratios of I Lβ_{2, 15} and Lα_{1, 2} X-ray as a function of target atomic number.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 I的Lι与Lα_{1, 2} X射线相对强度比随靶原子序数的变化

Fig. 5. Relative intensity ratios of I Lι and Lα_{1, 2} X-ray as a function of target atomic number.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 4.5 MeV I²⁰⁺离子作用于不同靶材产生I的L壳层分支X射线能量, 作为对比, 第一行给出了单电离的原子数据, 实验误差主要来源于谱线的拟合误差

Table 1. The energies of I L-subshell X-ray produced by 4.5 MeV I²⁰⁺ ions impacting on various targets.

	Lι/eV ± 3 eV	Lα_{1, 2}/eV ± 3 eV	Lβ_{1, 3, 4}/eV ± 5 eV	Lβ_{2, 15}/eV ± 5 eV	Lγ₁/eV ± 7 eV	Lγ_{2, 3, 4, 4'} /eV ± 9 eV
Atomic^[28]	3485	3937	4227	4508	4802	5065
Fe	3532	3966	4293	4631	4898	5192
Co	3529	3968	4293	4630	4904	5196
Ni	3532	3967	4292	4627	4896	5196
Cu	3529	3968	4297	4631	4909	5200
Zn	3529	3969	4299	4639	4907	5207
Average	3530	3968	4295	4632	4902	5198

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Siddique N, Waheed S, Daud M, Markwitz A, Hopke P K 2012 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 293 351 Google Scholar
[2]	Mitra D, Sarkar M, Bhattacharya D, Santra S, Mandal A C, Lapicki G 2010 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 268 450 Google Scholar
[3]	Reyes-Herrera J, Miranda J 2009 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 267 1767
[4]	Beasley D, Gomez-Morilla I, Spyrou N 2008 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 276 101 Google Scholar
[5]	Schenkel T, Hamza A V, Barnes A V, Schneider D H 1999 Surf. Sci. Rep. 61 23
[6]	Zhou X M, Cheng R, Zhao Y T, Lei Y, Chen Y H, Chen X M, Wang Y Y, Ma X W, Xiao G Q 2018 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 416 94
[7]	Whilhelm R A, Gruber E, Schwestka J, Kozubek R, Madeira T I, Marques J P, Kobus J, Krasheninnikov A V, Schleberger M, Aumayr F 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 103401
[8]	Guo Y P, Yang Z H, Hu B T, Wang X L, Song Z Y, Xu Q M, Zhang B L, Chen J, Yang B, Yang J 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 30644
[9]	Mohan H, Jain A K, Kaur M, Singh P S, Sharma S 2014 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 332 103
[10]	Merlet C, Llovet X, Salvat F 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 032708
[11]	柳钰, 徐忠锋, 王兴, 曾利霞, 刘婷 2020 69 043201 Google Scholar Liu Y, Xu Z F, Wang X, Zeng L X, Liu T 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 043201 Google Scholar
[12]	梁昌慧, 张小安, 李耀宗, 赵永涛, 周贤明, 王兴, 梅策香, 肖国青 2018 67 243201 Google Scholar Liang C H, Zhang X A, Li Y Z, Zhao Y T, Zhou X M, Wang X, Mei C X, Xiao G Q 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 243201 Google Scholar
[13]	梅策香, 张小安, 周贤明, 赵永涛, 任洁茹, 王兴, 雷瑜, 孙渊博, 程锐, 徐戈, 曾利霞 2017 66 143401 Google Scholar Mei C X, Zhang X A, Zhou X M, Zhao Y T, Ren J R, Wang X, Lei Y, Sun Y B, Cheng R, Xu G, Zeng L X 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 143401 Google Scholar
[14]	张小安, 梅策香, 张颖, 赵永涛, 徐忠峰, 周贤明, 任洁茹, 程锐, 梁昌慧, 李耀宗, 曾丽霞, 杨治虎, 陈熙萌, 李福利, 肖国庆 2016 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 46 073006 Zhang X A, Mei C X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y T, Xu Z F, Zhou X M, Ren J R, Cheng R, Liang C H, Li Y Z, Zeng L X, Yang Z H, Chen X M, Li F L, Xiao G Q 2016 Sci. Sin.-Phys. Mech. Astron. 46 073006
[15]	何斌, 刘春雷, 颜君, 王建国, 宁烨 2005 54 3075 Google Scholar He B, Liu C L, Yan J, Wang J G, Ning Y 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3075 Google Scholar
[16]	Briand J P, Billy L, Charles P, Essabaa S 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 159
[17]	Briand J P, de Billy L, Charles P, et al. 1991 Phys. Rev. A 43 565 Google Scholar
[18]	Briand J P, Thuriez S, Giardino G, Borsoni G, Froment M, Eddrief M, Sébenne C 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 1452
[19]	Burgdörfer J, Lerner P, Meyer F W 1991 Phys. Rev. A 44 5674 Google Scholar
[20]	Mcguire J H, Richards P 1973 Phys. Rev. A 8 1374
[21]	Johnson D E, Basbas G, McDaniel F D 1979 At. Data Nucl. Data tables 24 1
[22]	Lapicki G, Mcdaniel F D 1980 Phys. Rev. A 22 1896 Google Scholar
[23]	Słabkowska K, Polasik M 2006 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 75 1471
[24]	Czarnota M, Pajek M, Banas D, Chmielewska D, Rzadkiewicz J, Sujkowski Z, Dousse J C, Berset M, Mauron O, Maillard Y P, Raboud P A, Hoszowska J, Polasik M, łabkowska K S 2003 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 205 133
[25]	Clark M W, Schneider D, Dewitt D, McDonald J W, Bruch R, Schuch R 1993 Phys. Rev. A 47 3983 Google Scholar
[26]	Zhao Y, Xiao G, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhan W, Chen X, Li F 2007 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 258 121
[27]	Datz S, Moak C D, Appleton B R, Carlson T A 1971 Phys. Rev. Lett. 27 363
[28]	X-ray data book: http://xdb.lbl.gov/; Table of Isotopes: http://ie.lbl.gov/atom.htm
[29]	Krause M O 1979 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 8 307
[30]	Crawford J, Cohen D, Doherty G, Atanacio A 2011 Calculated K, L and M-shell X-ray Line Intensities for Light ion Impact on Selected Targets from Z = 6 to 100 (Sydney: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization) pp29−44

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近Bohr速度I²⁰⁺离子在不同靶面上的L壳层X射线辐射