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As an important imaging diagnostic manner in Z-pinch experiments, an X-ray streak camera can record a continuous time evolution of X-ray emission and has a better temporal resolution of about several picoseconds. Unfortunately, during experiment the transient strong electromagnetic noise produced by the device interferes with sensitive electronic components of the X-ray streak camera, making it unworkable frequently. In addition, the camera’s position is close to the load chamber so that the photocathode and metallic grid of the camera may suffer the risk of being broken by high speed charged particles and exploding debris. In order to solve this problem, a novel soft X-ray streak imaging system based on the conversion of fast scintillator and an optical streak camera is designed. In the streak camera system, the plastic scintillator foil and fiber bundles are used to convert X-ray image into optical image and transmit it into an optical streak camera which is placed in a shielding cabinet far from the target chamber. The camera system proves efficient in avoiding the damage caused by high speed particles and suppressing the electromagnetic interference. The scope of response spectrum of the camera system is given by theoretical calculation and roughly from 0.2 to 10 keV. The spatial resolution of the camera system is designed to be less than 120 microns and the temporal resolution of the camera system is calibrated to be about 1 ns in X-pinch experiments. The camera system is used in aluminum wire-array experiments to capture the time-resolved and 1D space-resolved images of imploding plasmas. The spatiotemporal distribution information about the X-ray emission is presented. On the other hand, because of the transmission of the filter in sub-kilo-electron-volt emission, the spectral response of the camera system in the sub-kilo-electron-volt photon energy range decreases obviously, which affects the physical analysis of the image. In addition, because of the slow response time of the scintillator to X-rays, the temporal resolution of the camera system decreases obviously and is about1 ns. How to solve these problems will be carried out in the future work. -
Keywords:
- Z-pinch /
- X-ray /
- plastic scintillator /
- streak camera
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图 1 诊断系统结构和实验布局
Fig. 1. Schematic of components of the diagnostic system and experimental setup.
图 2 Mylar膜对X射线的透过率曲线(红色虚线)、铝膜对X射线的透过率曲线(蓝色点)、塑料闪烁体对X射线的吸收效率曲线(绿色实线)以及诊断系统的光谱吸收曲线(黑色实线)
Fig. 2. The red dash is the transmission of 2 μm thick Mylar film, the blue dot is the transmission of 200 nm thick aluminum, the green line is the absorption of the 0.05 mm thick plastic scintillator foil, and the black line is spectral response curve of the diagnostic system.
图 3 塑料薄膜闪烁体对X射线时间响应特性的标定结果
Fig. 3. The calibration results of the time response of the scintillator foil to X-rays.
图 4 诊断系统拍摄的X射线条纹图像结果 (a)铝等离子体的X射线条纹图像; (b)X射线在不同时刻沿轴向方向的辐射强度分布曲线; (c)成像系统和XRD探测器获取的X射线辐射强度随时间变化的归一化曲线比较
Fig. 4. Images obtained by the diagnostic system are shown: (a) The X-ray streak image of aluminum plasmas; (b) the radiation intensity distribution of x-ray source in the axial direction at different time; (c) the normalized curve of X-ray radiation measured by the diagnostic system and XRD detector.
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[1] Spielman R B, Deeney C, Chandler G A, Douglas M R, Fehl D L, Matzen M K, McDaniel D H, Nash T J, Porter J L, Sanford T W L, Seamen J F, Stygar W A, Struve K W, Breeze S P, McGurn J S, Torres J A, Zagar D M, Gilliland T L, Jobe D O, McKenney J L, Mock R C, Vargas M, Wagoner T, Peterson D L 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 2105
Google Scholar
[2] Cuneo M E, Herrmann M C, Sinars D B, Slutz S A, Stygar W A, Vesey R A, Sefkow A B, Rochau G A, Chandler G A, Bailey J E, Porter J L, McBride R D, Rovang D C, Mazarakis M G, Yu E P, Lamppa D C, Peterson K J, Nakhleh C, Hansen S B, Lopez A J, Savage M E, Jennings C A, Martin M R, Lemke R W, Atherton B W, Smith I C, Rambo P K, Jones M, Lopez M R, Christenson P J, Sweeney M A, Jones B, McPherson L A, Harding E, Gomez M R, Knapp P F, Awe T J, Leeper R J, Ruiz C L, Cooper G W, Hahn K D, McKenney J, Owen A C, McKee G R, Leifeste G T, Ampleford D J, Waisman E M, Harvey-Thompson A, Kaye R J, Hess M H, Rosenthal S E, Matzen M K 2012 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 40 3222
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[3] Bailey J E, Chandler G A, Cohen D, Cuneo M E, Foord M E, Heeter R F, Jobe D, Lake P W, MacFarlane J J, Nash T J, Nielson D S, Smelser R, Torres J 2002 Phys. Plasmas 9 2186
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Sheng L, Peng B D, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Li K N, Zhang X J, Zhao C, Zhao J Z, Li M, Wang P W, Li Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 235205
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
He A, Ren J, Feng S P, Xie W P, Wang M, Wei B, Ji C, Xia M H, Wang Y J, Fu Z, Li Y, Wang Z, Yao B, Ding Y 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 24 839
Google Scholar
[18] 周少彤 2018 硕士学位论文 (绵阳: 流体物理研究所) 第33页
Zhou S T 2018 M. S. Thesis (Mianyang: Institute of Fluid Physics) p33 (in Chinese)
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[20] 肖德龙, 宁成, 蓝可, 丁宁 2010 59 430
Google Scholar
Xiao D L, Ning C, Lan K, Ding N 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 430
Google Scholar
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