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为了对位于天线近场区的目标进行定位和能量传递, 提出了一种近场目标自适应聚焦天线的设计原理. 当无源目标位于阵列天线近场区域时, 通过检测发射阵列天线到接收天线之间的电磁散射参数, 建立发射阵列天线到接收天线之间的功率传输方程, 通过特征值方法优化求解功率传输效率的最大值, 即可获得发射阵列天线在目标位置产生聚焦效应的激励分布. 实验过程中, 随机预设了多个不同位置、不同电磁参数和不同形状的近场目标, 均获得了与预设目标位置相符合的电场聚焦分布效果. 该近场目标自适应聚焦天线能够有效地将辐射电场聚集到位于近场区域的随机目标位置, 从而实现目标的定位、跟踪和能量传递, 聚焦效应对近场目标的位置、形状和电磁参数均不敏感.To realize near-field target localization and power transfer, an adaptively focusing antenna array is proposed. When a passive target is localized within the near-field zone of an array antenna, the optimal excitation distribution for focusing power onto the object can be obtained by solving an eigenvalue equation, which is established with the tested scattering parameters of the array antenna network. We randomly preset a number of targets with various shapes, materials and positions in the near-field zone, and the corresponding electric field focusing distribution is consistent with the preset target positions. Hence, the proposed near-field adaptively focusing array antenna can automatically focus its radiation onto any target, and such a feature can realize the target localization, tracking and power transfer in the near-field zone of the array antenna.
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Keywords:
- adaptive antenna /
- focusing array antenna /
- target localization
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图 1 (a) 阵列天线单元结构; (b) 线形阵列天线实物
Fig. 1. (a) Structure of the array antenna element; (b) photo of the linear array antenna.
图 2 阵列天线单元的(a)回波损耗和(b)增益方向图
Fig. 2. (a) Return loss and (b) gain pattern of the array antenna element.
图 3 不同目标位置条件下的测试散射参数 (a) 位置1; (b) 位置2; (c) 位置3
Fig. 3. Measured scattering parameters for target with various positions at (a) position-1, (b) position-2 and (c) position-3.
图 4 归一化电场测试 (a) 测试平台; (b) 可调谐射频馈电电路
Fig. 4. (a) Measurement setup of the normalized electrical field and (b) the corresponding tunable radiofrequency feeding circuit.
图 5 在(a) 位置1、(c) 位置2、(e) 位置3的归一化电场测试分布; 在(b) 位置1、(d) 位置2、(f) 位置3的归一化电场仿真分布
Fig. 5. Tested normalized E-field distributions for the target locating at (a) position-1, (c) position-2 and (e) locations-3. Simulated normalized E-field distributions for the target locating at (b) position-1, (d) position-2 and (f) position-3.
图 6 归一化电场仿真分布 (a) 位置1 (金属圆柱); (b) 位置4 (金属三棱柱); (c) 位置2 (金属圆柱); (d) 位置3 (金属三棱柱)
Fig. 6. Simulated normalized E-field distributions for various targets locating at (a) position-1 (metal cylinder), (b) position-4 (metal tri-prism), (c) position-2 (metal cylinder) and (d) position-3 (metal tri-prism).
图 7 归一化电场仿真分布 (a) 位置1 (甘醇方体); (b) 位置4 (甘醇三棱柱); (c) 位置2 (甘醇方体); (d) 位置3 (甘醇圆柱)
Fig. 7. Simulated normalized E-field distributions for various targets locating at (a) position-1 (glycol cube), (b) position-4 (glycol tri-prism), (c) position-2 (glycol cube) and (d) position-3 (glycol cylinder).
表 1 不同目标位置条件下的聚焦天线激励分布(幅值、相位)
Table 1. Excitations (amplitude, phase) of the focusing array antenna for target at various positions.
No. Position-1 Position-2 Position-3 1 0.385, ∠53° 0.313, ∠56° 0.320, ∠16° 2 0.211, ∠–72° 0.276, ∠–73° 0.147, ∠–10° 3 0.593, ∠–26° 0.737, ∠–45° 0.657, ∠–116° 4 0.583, ∠–48° 0.407, ∠–14° 0.524, ∠–111° 5 0.315, ∠–147° 0.326, ∠–139° 0.222, ∠–9° 6 0.127, ∠0° 0.110, ∠0° 0.346, ∠0° 
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[1] Yang X D, Geyi W, Sun H C 2017 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16 1824
Google Scholar
[2] González Ayestarán R, León G, Pino M R, Nepa P 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 5623
Google Scholar
[3] Chou H T 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 68 3567
Google Scholar
[4] Cai X, Gu X Z, Geyi W 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 68 4593
Google Scholar
[5] Vázquez C, García C, Álvarez Y, Ver-Hoeye S, Las-Heras F 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 2874
Google Scholar
[6] Cheng Q, Alomainy A, Hao Y 2017 IEEE Access 5 18975
Google Scholar
[7] Li P F, Qu S W, Yang S W 2019 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 18 274
Google Scholar
[8] 刘宾, 潘毅华, 闫文敏 2019 68 204202
Google Scholar
Liu B, Pan Y H, Yan W M 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 204202
Google Scholar
[9] Stang J, Haynes M, Carson P, Moghaddam M 2012 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 59 2431
Google Scholar
[10] Tofigh F, Nourinia J, Azarmanesh M N, Khazaei K M 2014 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 13 951
Google Scholar
[11] Nguyen P T, Abbosh A, Crozier S 2017 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 64 1335
Google Scholar
[12] He X P, Geyi W, Wang S Y 2016 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 15 56
Google Scholar
[13] He X P, Geyi W, Wang S Y 2015 IET Microwaves Antennas Propag. 9 1605
Google Scholar
[14] Buffi A, Serra A A, Nepa P, Chou H T Manara G 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58 1536
Google Scholar
[15] Siragusa R, Lemaître-Auger P, Tedjini S 2011 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 10 33
Google Scholar
[16] Chou H T, Hung T M, Wang N N, Chou H H, Tung C, Nepa P 2011 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 1013
Google Scholar
[17] Chou H T, Lee M Y, Yu C T 2015 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 11 1746
Google Scholar
[18] Bogosanovic M, Williamson A G 2007 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56 2186
Google Scholar
[19] Stephan K D, Mead J B, Pozar D M, Wang L, Pearce J A 2007 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55 1199
Google Scholar
[20] Karimkashi S, Kishk A A 2011 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 1481
Google Scholar
[21] Karimkashi S, Kishk A A 2009 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 57 3813
Google Scholar
[22] Buffi A, Nepa P, Manara G 2012 IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 54 41
Google Scholar
[23] Shan L, Geyi W 2014 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62 5515
Google Scholar
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