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强激光驱动加载已成为冲击波作用下材料动态破碎过程研究的一种有效手段. 采用间接驱动方式, 设计合适的腔型进行物理实验研究, 可实现更大且更均匀的冲击加载一维区. 采用数值模拟和物理实验方法, 研究强激光间接驱动材料动态破碎过程的实验技术. 首先, 利用IRAD程序设计适用于开展动态破碎过程研究的半柱腔, 其直径为2 mm、腔长为2 mm; 进而通过物理实验获得此腔型下多个激光能量点、脉宽2 ns和3 ns条件下辐射峰值温度和波形; 最后, 利用流体模拟方法给出多种辐射波形下的冲击加载波形. 利用高能X射线成像和光子多普勒干涉仪诊断给出间接驱动加载下层裂过程的物理图像和速度历史. 经分析发现, 间接驱动的加载一维区达到2 mm, 平面性优于5%, 能有效地开展相关物理实验研究. 研究结果为新型柱腔设计、冲击加载技术及动态破碎过程研究提供了重要的研究基础.High intensity laser is an efficient method for shock generator to study the dynamic fragmentation of materials, in which the direct drive is widely utilized. The continuum phase plate is used for smoothing the focal spot of the laser, but the loading region is usually smaller than the designed value. In this work, we study an experimental technique for investigating the dynamic fragmentation of metal via indirectly driving a high-intensity laser. Firstly, the radiation distributions on the sample for four different hohlraums each with a diameter of 2 mm but different length are simulated via the IRAD software, in which the proper hohlraum with a diameter of 2 mm and a height of 2 mm is selected for the experiments. Secondly, the peak temperatures and radiation waves under different laser energy and pulse durations are measured. The peak temperature decreases simultaneously as the laser energy decreases. In addition, the loading shock waves under a peak temperature of 140 eV and different radiation waves are estimated via the hydrodynamic simulation. It is revealed that a peak pressure of several tens of gigapascals is acquired and the peak pressure is greatly increased when the 10 μm CH layer is placed on the sample. In the end, the dynamic fragmentation process via indirect drive is investigated by using the high energy X-ray radiography and photonic Doppler velocimetry. The radiograph is a snapshot at 600 ns and shows a typical result of the spall process. The first layer is measured to be 0.06 mm thick and 0.3 mm away from the unperturbed free surface. It is also exhibited that the hohlraum is expanded to a large extent but is not broken up. The jump-up velocity and time of spall are measured to be 0.65 km/s and 131 ns, respectively. The average velocity of the first layer is estimated to be (0.63 ± 0.1) km/s, obtained via the distance of 0.3 mm divided by the time difference of 469 ns (600 ns minus 131 ns). The one-dimensional loading region is 2 mm, and the flatness is better than 5 %. This work provides a reference for designing new hohlraum, shock wave loading technique and dynamic fragmentation process.
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Keywords:
- indirect drive /
- dynamic fragmentation /
- high energy X-ray radiography
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图 1 激光间接驱动冲击加载物理实验示意图
Fig. 1. The schematic view of indirect driving shock wave experiments via lasers.
图 2 不同腔长下样品处的辐射分布
Fig. 2. Radiation distribution in the surface of the sample for hohlraum with different lengths.
图 3 辐射波形 (a)激光脉宽3 ns; (b)激光脉宽2 ns
Fig. 3. Radiation wave at different pulse duration of laser: (a) 3 ns; (b) 2 ns.
图 4 (a)不同辐射波形; (b)冲击加载波形
Fig. 4. (a) Radiation wave; (b) loading shock wave at different pulse duration of laser.
图 5 高能X射线动态诊断间接驱动的层裂过程
Fig. 5. High energy X-ray radiography of spall from indirect drive by laser.
图 6 间接驱动层裂过程的自由面速度历史
Fig. 6. Velocity of free surface of spall from indirect drive by laser.
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[1] Signor L, Lescoute E, Loison D, de Rességuier T, Dragon A, Roy G 2010 EPJ Web of Conferences 6 39012
Google Scholar
[2] Resseguier T 2012 AIP Conf. Proc. 1426 1015
[3] Buttler W T, Lamoreaux S K, Schulze R K, Schwarzkopf J D, Cooley J C, Grover M, Hammerberg J E, La Lone B M, Llobet A, Manzanares R, Martinez J I, Schmidt D W, Sheppard D G, Stevens G D, Turley W D, Veeser L R 2017 J. Dyn. Behav. Mater. 3 334
Google Scholar
[4] Buttler W T, Williams R J R, Najjar F M 2017 J. Dyn. Behav. Mater. 3 151
Google Scholar
[5] Rességuier T, Signor L, Dragon A, Roy G 2009 Int. J. Fract. 163 109
[6] Smith R F, Eggert J H, Jeanloz R, Duffy T S, Braun D G, Patterson J R, Rudd R E, Biener J, Lazicki A E, Hamza A V, Wang J, Braun T, Benedict L X, Celliers P M, Collins G W 2014 Nature 511 330
Google Scholar
[7] Xin J, He W, Shao J, Li J, Wang P, Gu Y 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 325304
Google Scholar
[8] Rességuier T, Lescoute E, Signor L, Loison D, Dragon A, Boustie M, Cuq-Lelandais J P, Berthe L 2011 EPJ Web of Conferences 10 00023
[9] Rességuier T, Loison D, Dragon A, Lescoute E 2014 Metals 4 490
Google Scholar
[10] Campbell E M, Goncharov V N, Sangster T C, Regan S P, Radha P B, Betti R, Myatt J F, Froula D H, Rosenberg M J, Igumenshchev I V, Seka W, Solodov A A, Maximov A V, Marozas J A, Collins T J B, Turnbull D, Marshall F J, Shvydky A, Knauer J P, McCrory R L, Sefkow A B, Hohenberger M, Michel P A, Chapman T, Masse L, Goyon C, Ross S, Bates J W, Karasik M, Oh J, Weaver J, Schmitt A J, Obenschain K, Obenschain S P, Reyes S, van Wonterghem B 2017 Matt. Rad. Extre. 2 37
Google Scholar
[11] Millot M, Coppari F, Rygg J R, Correa Barrios A, Hamel S, Swift D C, Eggert J H 2019 Nature 569 251
Google Scholar
[12] Su X, Xia L, Liu K, Zhang P, Li P, Zhao R, Wang B 2018 Chin. Opt. Lett. 16 102201
Google Scholar
[13] Chu G, Xi T, Yu M, Fan W, Zhao Y, Shui M, He W, Zhang T, Zhang B, Wu Y, Zhou W, Cao L, Xin J, Gu Y 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89 115106
Google Scholar
[14] 宋天明, 杨家敏, 朱托, 易荣清, 黄成武 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 3115
Song T M, Yang J M, Zhu T, Yi R Q, Huang C W 2013 High Pow. Las. Part. Beam. 25 3115
[15] 黎航, 蒲昱东, 景龙飞, 等 2013 62 225204
Google Scholar
Li H, Pu Y D, Jing L F, et al. 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin 62 225204
Google Scholar
[16] Kondratev A N, Andriyash A V, Astashkin M V, Baranov V K, Golubinskii A G, Irinichev D A, Khatunkin A Y, Kuratov S E, Mazanov V A, Rogozkin D B, Stepushkin S N 2018 AIP Conf. Proc. 1979 080008
[17] Park H S, Chambers D M, Chung H K, Clarke R J, Eagleton R, Giraldez E, Goldsack T, Heathcote R, Izumi N, Key M H, King J A, Koch J A, Landen O L, Nikroo A, Patel P K, Price D F, Remington B A, Robey H F, Snavely R A, Steinman D A, Stephens R B, Stoeckl C, Storm M, Tabak M, Theobald W, Town R P J, Wickersham J E, Zhang B B 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 056309
Google Scholar
[18] Park H S, Maddox B R, Giraldez E, Hatchett S P, Hudson L T, Izumi N, Key M H, Le Pape S, MacKinnon A J, MacPhee A G, Patel P K, Phillips T W, Remington B A, Seely J F, Tommasini R, Town R, Workman J, Brambrink E 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 072705
Google Scholar
[19] Jing L, Jiang S, Yang D, Li H, Zhang L, Lin Z, Li L, Kuang L, Huang Y, Ding Y 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 022709
Google Scholar
[20] Videau L, Combis P, Laffite S, Lescoute E, Jadaud J P, Chevalier J M, Raffestin D, Ducasse F, Patissou L, Geille A, Resseguier T 2012 AIP Conf. Proc. 1426 1011
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