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近年来, 随着分布式光纤传感技术在各大基础设施健康监测领域的广泛应用, 人们对能够实现毫米量级精准定位和监测技术的需求日益增长. 本文提出了一种基于宽线宽混沌激光的高分辨率分布式光纤测温技术. 实验通过改变光反馈混沌源的偏振匹配态和反馈强度等外部参数, 产生了–3 dB线宽约为7.5 GHz的宽线宽混沌激光, 并在300 m传感光纤实现了空间分辨率为7.05 mm的分布式温度测量. 同时, 为了抑制光源线宽增加造成的布里渊增益谱恶化, 在泵浦路中引入了时间门控技术, 其中经脉冲调制后的泵浦光峰值功率提高了约9.5 dB, 同时脉冲调制使混沌互相关锁定于脉冲持续时间内, 从而布里渊增益谱的信号背景噪声比由约2.28 dB提升为4.55 dB, 最终实现了空间分辨率为3.12 mm的分布式温度测量.The high-precision structural health monitoring of large civil structures and materials are increasingly demanded with widely using the distributed fiber sensors. A Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis for millimeter-levelhigh spatial resolution sensing using broadband chaotic laser is proposed and demonstrated. Through the analysis of the influence of polarization state and feedback strength on the chaotic laser, we experimentally achieve a broadband chaotic laser with a spectrum over 7.5 GHz in –3 dB which means that the theoretical spatial resolution is 3 mm, and we also successfully measure the distribution of fiber Brillouin gain spectrum with a temperature over 300 m measurement range with 7.05 mm spatial resolution, which is the first time that the sensor system based on chaotic laser has achieved the measurement with millimeter-level. However, there is still a difference in spatial resolution between the experimental and theoretical values. We can find that the chaotic laser has a time-delay feature; besides, with the broadening of chaotic laser, the threshold of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers increases while the Brillouin gain will weaken if the pump power is not enough here, and the cross-correlation peak of chaotic laser will narrow. All these problems cause the Brillouin gain signal to be easily submerged by noise, so the performance of the chaotic Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis system will decrease ultimately. Therefore, we also propose an optimization of Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis system by introducing the time-gated scheme into pump branch. It is obvious that the peak power of the pump wave is heightened by more than 9.5 dB after being amplitude-modulated by a square pulse with a pulse width of greater than acoustic phonon lifetime, and the signal-to-back ground noise ratio of the gain spectrum is improved effectively in theory; the cross correlation between chaotic pump wave and probe waveis locked within a pulse duration time, and the residual stimulated Brillouin scattering interactions existing outside the central correlation peak can be largely inhibited. In this optimized setup, the performance of the distributed temperature sensing is improved to 3.12 mm spatial resolution, which corresponds well to the theoretical value. The improved chaotic Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis technology will have a great potential application in high-precision structural health monitoring of large civil structures.
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Keywords:
- broadband chaotic laser /
- millimeter-level spatial resolution /
- Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis /
- temperature measurement
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图 1 两种典型偏振匹配态下混沌激光的特性 (a1), (b1) 光谱; (a2), (b2) 频谱; (a3), (b3)自相关曲线
Fig. 1. The characteristics of the chaotic light at two typical polarization matching states: (a1), (b1) Optical spectra; (a2), (b2) power spectra; (a3), (b3) autocorrelation curve
图 4 待测光纤沿线布里渊频移分布图 (a)整条光纤沿线的布里渊频移分布; (b)加热位置附近的局部放大图
Fig. 4. The map of BFS distribution along the FUT: (a) Measured along the entire FUT; (b) the local enlargement near heated zone
图 5 待测光纤沿线布里渊频移分布曲线
Fig. 5. Measured distribution of the Brillouin frequency shift along the FUT
图 7 脉冲调制前后泵浦光时序图
Fig. 7. The time series of the chaotic pump waves (red) and pulse amplitude-modulated (blue)
图 8 引入时间门控技术前(a)后(b)两路光在待测光纤中发生受激布里渊散射示意图
Fig. 8. The schematic diagram of SBS in the previous system (a) and the time-gated system (b)
图 9 混沌布里渊增益谱和温度的关系 (a)待测光纤中随温度变化的布里渊增益谱; (b)加入时间门控技术前后待测光纤中随温度变化的布里渊频移量
Fig. 9. The relationship of the Chaotic BGS with temperature: (a) Temperature-dependence of the BGS in the FUT; (b) that of the BFS in the chaotic BOCDA systems with (blue) and without (red) the time-gated scheme
图 10 待测光纤沿线布里渊频移分布图 (a)整条光纤沿线的布里渊频移分布; (b)加热位置附近的局部放大图
Fig. 10. The map of BFS distribution along the FUT: (a) Measured along the entire FUT:(b) the local enlargement near heated zone
图 11 优化后系统中待测光纤沿线布里渊频移分布曲线
Fig. 11. Measured distribution of the Brillouin frequency shift along the FUT in the setup after optimization
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[1] António B, Joan C, Sergi V 2016 Sensors 16 748
Google Scholar
[2] Bao X Y, Chen L 2011 Sensors 11 4152
Google Scholar
[3] Thévenaz L 2010 Front. Optoelectron. China 3 13
Google Scholar
[4] Kurashima T, Horiguchi T, Tateda M 1990 Opt. Lett. 15 1038
Google Scholar
[5] Hu J H, Zhang X P, Yao Y G, Zhao X D 2013 Opt. Express 21 145
Google Scholar
[6] Kim Y H, Song K Y 2017 Opt. Express 25 14098
Google Scholar
[7] Soto M A, Bolognini G, Pasquale F D 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 232
Google Scholar
[8] Li W H, Bao X Y, Li Y, Chen L 2008 Opt. Express 16 21616
Google Scholar
[9] Brown A W 2007 J. Lightw. Technol. 25 381
Google Scholar
[10] Hotate K, Arai H, Song K Y 2008 Sice J. Control Measur. Syst. Integrat. 1 271
Google Scholar
[11] Hotate K, Hasegawa T 2000 IEICE Trans. Electron. 83 405
[12] Ryu G, Kim G T, Song K Y, Lee S B, Lee K 2017 J. Lightw. Technol. 35 5311
Google Scholar
[13] Zadok A, Antman Y, Primerov N, Denisov A, Sancho J, Thévenaz L 2012 Laser Photon. Rev. 6 L1
Google Scholar
[14] Cohen R, London Y, Antman Y, Zadok A 2014 Opt. Express 22 12070
Google Scholar
[15] Ji Y N, Zhang M J, Wang Y C, Wang P, Wang A B, Wu Y, Xu H, Zhang Y N 2014 Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos 24 1450032
Google Scholar
[16] Zhang J Z, Zhang M T, Zhang M J, Liu Y, Feng C K, Wang Y H, Wang Y C 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 1722
Google Scholar
[17] Zhang J Z, Feng C K, Zhang M J, Liu Y, Wu C Y, Wang Y H 2018 Opt. Express 26 6962
Google Scholar
[18] Zhang J Z, Wang Y H, Zhang M J, Zhang Q, Li M W, Wu C Y, Qiao L J, Wang Y C 2018 Opt. Express 26 17597
Google Scholar
[19] Jeong J H, Lee K, Song K Y, Jeong J M, Lee S B 2012 Opt. Express 20 27094
Google Scholar
[20] 王安帮 2014 博士学位论文 (太原: 太原理工大学)
Wang A B 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology) (in Chinese)
[21] Zhang J Z, Wang A B, Wang J F, Wang Y C 2009 Opt. Express 17 6357
Google Scholar
[22] Zhang M J, Liu H, Zhang J Z, Liu Y, Liu R X 2017 IEEE Photon. J. 9 1943
[23] Parker T, Farhadiroushan M, Handerek V A 1997 Proceedings of IEE Colloquium on Optical Techniques for Smart Structures and Structural Monitoring London, UK, February 17, 1997 p1
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