强脉冲电子束辐照材料表面形貌演化的模拟

喻晓; 沈杰; 钟昊玟; 张洁; 张高龙; 张小富; 颜莎; 乐小云

doi:10.7498/aps.64.216102

摘要

在回顾和总结强脉冲电子束表面改性实验的基础上, 利用有限元数值计算方法对强脉冲电子束辐照铝和304不锈钢产生的温度场进行模拟, 给出了靶的近表面区域流体状态存在的特征尺度和特征时间, 并对不同材料特性下熔坑的产生原因进行了讨论. 采用两相流模型, 通过水平集方法和有限元方法结合的计算流体力学模拟了熔坑和表面突起形貌在表面处于熔融状态下的运动特征, 通过和实验数据相对比, 验证了对于高黏度, 高表面张力的高熔点金属, 表面处于流体状态下的张力驱动效应是熔坑等表面形貌演化的重要原因.

关键词:

Abstract

Based on the review of previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface processing by a pulsed intense electron beam, the induced temperature field in aluminum and 304 stainless steel is simulated by the finite element method (FEM) to estimate the existing time and depth of molten metal flow field on the irradiated surface. The generation of craters is attributed to the thermal resistance formed by the grain boundaries, and the influence of material properties on the mechanism of crater evolution is also discussed. Two-phase flow field simulation on molten metal is carried out with a combination of level-set method and FEM to estimate the mass transfer behavior at the craters and surface protuberance. It is revealed that the mass transfer effect driven by surface tension is an important factor for the formation and evolution of round-shaped craters on the surface of metals with high melting point, viscosity and surface tension coefficient. However, for metals with low melting point, due to the strong disturbance by ablating gas plume and low surface tension effect, the craters are more likely to have irregular splashing edges.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
北京航空航天大学, 物理科学与核能工程学院, 北京 100191;

2.
北京大学, 重离子物理研究所, 北京 100871

通信作者: 乐小云, xyle@buaa.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11175012) 和国家科技重大专项(批准号: 2013 GB109004)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;

2.
Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Corresponding author: Le Xiao-Yun, xyle@buaa.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11175012), and the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2013 GB109004).

参考文献

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[17]	Gao Y, Qin Y, Dong C, Li G 2014 Appl. Surf. Sci. 311 413
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施引文献

[1]	Proskurovsky D I, Rotshtein V P, Ozur G E, Ivanov Yu F, Markov A B 2000 Surf. Coat. Technol. 125 49
[2]	Dong C, Wu A, Hao S, Zou J, Liu Z, Zhong P, Zhang A, Xu T, Chen J, Xu J, Liu Q 2003 Surf. Coat. Technol. 163 620
[3]	Proskurovsky D I, Rotshtein V P, Ozur G E, Markov A B, Nazarov D S, Shulov V A, Ivanov Yu F, Buchheit R G 1998 J. Vac. Sci Technol. A 16 2480
[4]	Shulov V A, Nochovnaya N A 1999 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 148 154
[5]	Wood B P, Perry A J, Bitteker L J, Waganaar W J 1998 Surf. Coat. Technol. 108-109 171
[6]	Yan S, Le X Y, Zhao W J, Xue J M, Wang Y G 2005 Surf. Coat. Technol. 193 69
[7]	Pogrebnjak A D, Bratushka S, Boyko V I, Shamanin I V, Tsvintarnaya Yu V 1998 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 145 373
[8]	Pogrebnjak A D, Mikhailov A D, Pogrebnjak N A, Tsvintarnaya Yu V, Laverntiev V I, Iljashenko M, Valyaev A N, Bratushka S, Zecca A, Sandrik R 1998 Phys. Lett. A 241 357
[9]	Qin Y, Zou J, Dong C, Wang X, Wu A, Liu Y, Hao S, Guan Q 2004 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 225 544
[10]	Grosdidier T, Zou J X, Stein N, Boulanger C, Hao S Z, Dong C 2008 Scripta. Mater. 58 1061
[11]	Hao S, Yao S, Guan J, Wu A, Zhong P, Dong C 2001 Curr. Appl. Phys. 1 203
[12]	Fetzer R, Mueller G, An W, Weisenburger A 2014 Surf. Coat. Technol. 258 549
[13]	Zhang K., Zou J, Grosdidier T, Dong C, Yang D 2006 Surf. Coat Technol. 201 1393
[14]	Cheng D Q, Guan Q F, Zhu J, Qiu D H, Cheng X W 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7300 (in Chinese) [程笃庆, 关庆丰, 朱健, 邱东华, 程秀围, 王雪涛 2009 58 7300]
[15]	Li Y, Cai J, Lv P, Zou Y, Wan M Z, Peng D J, Gu Q Q, Guan Q F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 56105 (in Chinese) [李艳, 蔡杰, 吕鹏, 邹阳, 万明珍, 彭冬晋, 顾倩倩, 关庆丰 2012 61 56105]
[16]	Ji L, Yang S Z, Cai J, Li Y, Wang X T, Zhang Z Q, Hou X L, Guan Q F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 236103 (in Chinese) [季乐, 杨盛志, 蔡杰, 李艳, 王晓彤, 张在强, 侯秀丽, 关庆丰 2013 62 236103]
[17]	Gao Y, Qin Y, Dong C, Li G 2014 Appl. Surf. Sci. 311 413
[18]	Su Y, Li G, Niu L, Yang S, Cai J, Guan Q 2015 J. Nanomater. 501 876539
[19]	Hao S, Gao B, Wu A, Zou J, Qin Y, Dong C, An J, Guan Q 2005 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 240 646
[20]	Gao B, Hao S, Zou J, Wu W, Tu G, Dong C 2007 Surf. Coat. Technol. 201 6297
[21]	Sussman M, Smereka P, Osher S 1994 J. Comput. Phys. 114 146

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