单线态分裂的超快光谱学研究

张博; 张春峰; 李希友; 王睿; 肖敏

doi:10.7498/aps.64.094210

摘要

有机分子中的单线态分裂过程能将单个光激发的单线态激子转化成两个三线态激子. 借助此载流子倍增效应, 太阳能电池可以更有效地利用太阳光谱中的高能光子, 进而突破单结太阳能电池效率的理论极限. 因此, 单线态分裂备受关注. 本文回顾学术界对单线态分裂物理图像的认识以及争议, 结合课题组近年来的一些结果, 重点总结此领域中运用瞬态光谱学方法取得的实验进展, 讨论有关多激子中间暗态机理的不同观点, 并介绍单线态分裂材料的发展以及器件应用.

关键词:

Abstract

Singlet fission is a spin-allowed process that creates two triplet excitons from one photo-excited singlet exciton in organic semiconductors. This process of carrier multiplication holds the great potential to break the theoretical efficiency limit in single-junction solar cells by making better use of high-energy photons, while capturing lower-energy photons in the usual style. Photovoltaic devices based on singlet fission have achieved external quantum efficiencies in excess of 100%. In this paper, we first introduce the basic concept about singlet fission and review the history of the field briefly. Then, we report some reflent advances in the reflearch of singlet fission progress with the combination of our group’s productions. Tetracene and pentacene are chosen as typical polyacene materials for discuss. We describe how scientists make progresses in understanding the underlying physics in singlet fission process. The experimental methods of transient absorption spectra, time-resolved fluorescence spectra and time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectra render numerous results for analysis. Moreover, a survey about the debate on the direct or indirect mechanism with transient optical study is provided. It has been verified that multiexciton state intermediates in singlet fission process and the factors of energy level alignments, intermolecular interaction as well as lattice vibrations play a role in it. Last, we briefly summarize the implications of singlet fission in organic solar devices by introducing several composite architectures for singlet-fission photovoltaics. Designing efficient and cheap solar cells is the ultimate goal for understanding the intrinsic photophysics of singlet fission. To obtain high efficiencies, it is important to adapt proper materials and new organic/inorganic architectures may become a promising direction. Also, finding a way for efficient triplet exciton dissociation should be considered seriously. It is believable that these guidelines can lead to the development of cheap and efficient fission-based devices.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南京大学固体微结构物理国家重点实验室, 物理学院, 南京 210093;

2.
中国石油大学(华东), 理学院, 青岛 266580;

3.
阿肯色大学物理系, 费耶特维尔市, 美国 72701

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2013CB932903, 2012CB921801)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 91233103, 61108001, 11227406, 11321063)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;

2.
Department of Science, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao 266580, China;

3.
Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB932903, 2012CB921801), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91233103, 61108001, 11227406, 11321063).

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施引文献

[1]	Shockley W, Queisser H J 1961 J. Appl. Phys. 32 510
[2]	Wrfel P 1997 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 46 43
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[6]	Beard M C, Knutsen K P, Yu P R, Luther J M, Song Q, Metzger W K, Ellingson R J, Nozik A J 2007 Nano Lett. 7 2506
[7]	Nozik A J, Beard M C, Luther J M, Law M, Ellingson R J, Johnson J C 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6873
[8]	Hanna M, Nozik A 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 074510
[9]	Zhang B, Zhang C F, Wang R, Tan Z A, Liu Y L, Guo W, Zhai X L, Cao Y, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 3462
[10]	Schaller R D, Klimov V I 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 186601
[11]	Xiao J, Wang Y, Hua Z, Wang X Y, Zhang C F, Xiao M 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1170
[12]	Smith M B, Michl J 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6891
[13]	Smith M B, Michl J 2013 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 64 361
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[35]	Zimmerman P M, Zhang Z Y, Musgrave C B 2010 Nat. Chem. 2 648
[36]	Zimmerman P M, Bell F, Casanova D, Head-Gordon M 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 19944
[37]	Zimmerman P M, Musgrave C B, Head-Gordon M 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1339
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[39]	Chan W L, Ligges M, Zhu X Y 2012 Nat. Chem. 4 840
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[45]	Burdett J J, Mller A M, Gosztola D, Bardeen C J 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 133 144506
[46]	Lee J, Jadhav P, Baldo M 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 033301
[47]	Rao A, Wilson M W, Hodgkiss J M, Albert-Seifried S, Basler H, Friend R H 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 12698
[48]	Schwerin A F, Johnson J C, Smith M B, Sreearunothai P, Popovic D, Černyý J ii, Havlas Z, Paci I, Akdag A, MacLeod M K 2009 J. Phys. Chem. A 114 1457
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[50]	Akdag A, Havlas Z k, Michl J 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 14624
[51]	Eaton S W, Shoer L E, Karlen S D, Dyar S M, Margulies E A, Veldkamp B S, Ramanan C, Hartzler D A, Savikhin S, Marks T J 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 14701
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[53]	Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1290
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[55]	Roberts S T, McAnally R E, Mastron J N, Webber D H, Whited M T, Brutchey R L, Thompson M E, Bradforth S E 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 6388
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[62]	Silva C 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 884
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[64]	Grumstrup E M, Johnson J C, Damrauer N H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 257403
[65]	Camposeo A, Polo M, Tavazzi S, Silvestri L, Spearman P, Cingolani R, Pisignano D 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 033306
[66]	Rao A, Wilson M W, Albert-Seifried S, Di Pietro R, Friend R H 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 195411
[67]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Clark J, Kumar R S S, Brida D, Cerullo G, Friend R H 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 11830
[68]	Burdett J J, Gosztola D, Bardeen C J 2011 J. Chem. Phys. 135 214508
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[70]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Johnson K, Ge 靗 inas S, di Pietro R, Clark J, Friend R H 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 16680
[71]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Ehrler B, Friend R H 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1330
[72]	Birech Z, Schwoerer M, Schmeiler T, Pflaum J, Schwoerer H 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 140 114501
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