HL-2A托卡马克上的边缘局域模特性初步研究

刘春华; 聂林; 黄渊; 季小全; 余德良; 刘仪; 冯震; 姚可; 崔正英; 严龙文; 丁玄同; 董家齐; 段旭如

doi:10.7498/aps.61.205201

摘要

高约束模式(H模)下自发产生的边缘局域模(ELM),虽然利于控制等离子体密度和排出杂质粒子从而实现H模放电的稳态运行,但是ELM爆发携带的大量粒子和能量会对装置的第一壁材料造成很大的损坏, 所以在下一代聚变装置上使用之前很多装置已经开始了对ELM的研究. 在HL-2A装置上观察到了不同的ELM,扰动幅度小的ELM引起的等离子体储能损失小于3%, ELM之间的时间间隔约为3 ms,表现出I!I!I型ELM的特征;扰动幅度较大的ELM的爆发对等离子体电流、等离子体密度及储能都有很明显的扰动,对等离子体储能的扰动大于10%, ELM爆发的频率随通过等离子体磁分界面的净加热功率的增加而增加,表现出明显的Ⅰ型ELM的特征. ELM先兆有不对称性,在弱场侧磁探针信号能观测到,但强场侧却观测不到; ELM先兆的频率约为45 kHz,观测到的最长的先兆先于ELM前约10 ms出现.

关键词:

Abstract

The edge-localized modes (ELMs) are often excited in an H-mode plasma, and they are helpful for cleaning the H-mode plasma to sustain a steady state for a longer time by controlling plasma density and exhausting impurities, but energy and particles carried by ELM burst will badly damage the first-wall of fusion device, thus the characteristics of and the control and mitigation of ELM are studied necessarily prior to the basic operational regime operating on ITER. ELMs of different perturbation amplitudes are observed experimentally on HL-2A tokamak. The frequency of small perturbation amplitude ELM decreases with the increase of net heating power, and it is about 300-400 Hz, and energy loss induced by per ELM is usually less than 3% of the plasma energy. The small ELM is type Ⅲ ELM. While for large (type-I) ELM, besides that the energy loss induced by an ELM is generally more than 10%, they also exert an obvious perturbation on other plasma parameters, such as plasma current and electron density, and the tELM may be longer than 30 ms. ELM precursors are poloidally asymmetric, which can be measured by Mirnov probes on the low field side, but not on the high field side; the frequency of ELM precursors is about 45 kHz, and the longest precursors last approximately 10 ms prior to the ELM bursts.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
核工业西南物理研究院聚变科学所, 成都 610041

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 10990213)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Center for Fusion Science, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10990213).

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施引文献

[1]	Wagner F, Becker G, Behringer K, Campbell D, Eberhagen A, Engelhardt W, Fussmann G, Gehre O, Gernhardt J, Gierke G V, Haas G, Huang M, Karger F, Keilhacker M, Kluber Q, Kornherr M, Lackner K, Lisitano G, Lister G G, Mayer H M, Meisel D, MIiller E R, Murmann H, Niedermeyer H, Poschenrieder W, Rapp H, Bohr H, Schneider F, Siller G, Speth E, Stabler A, Steuer K H, Venus G, Vollmer O, Yu Z 1982 Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 1408
[2]	Doyle E J, Houlberg W A, Kamada Y, Mukhovatov V, Osborne T H, Polevoi A, Bateman G, Connor J W, Cordey J G, Fujita T, Garbet X, Hahm T S, Horton L D, Hubbard A E, Imbeaux F, Jenko F, Kinsey J E, Kishimoto Y, Li J, Luce T C, Martin Y, Ossipenko M, Parail V, Peeters A, Rhodes T L, Rice J E, Roach C M, Rozhansky V, Ryter F, Saibene G, Sartori R, Sips A C C, Snipes J A, Sugihara M, Synakowski E J, Takenaga H, Takizuka T, Thomsen K, Wade M R, Wilson H R, ITPA Transport Physics Topical Group, ITPA Confinement Database and Modelling Topical Group, ITPA Pedestal and Edge Topical Group 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S18
[3]	Snyder P B, Wilson H R, Osborne T H, Leonard A W 2004 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46 A131
[4]	Szydlowski A, Badziak J, Parys P, Wolowski J, Woryna E, Jungwirth K, Kralikova B, Krasa J, Laska L, Pfeifer M, Rohlena K, Skala J, Ullschmied J, Boody F D, Gammino S, Torrisi L 2003 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 45 1399
[5]	Burrell K H, Austin M E, Brennan D P, DeBoo J C, Doyle E J, Gohil P, Greenfield C M, Groebner R J, Lao L L, Luce T C, Makowski M A, McKee G R, Moyer R A, Osborne T H, Porkolab M, Rhodes T L, Rost J C, Schaffer M J, Stallard B W, Strait E J, Wade M R, Wang G, Watkins J G, West W P, Zeng L 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 A253
[6]	Budny R V, Andre R, Bateman G, Halpern F, Kessel C E, Kritz A, McCune D 2008 Nucl. Fusion 48 075005
[7]	Janeschitz G, ITER JCT, HTs 2001 J. Nucl. Mater. 290-293 1
[8]	Loarte A, Saibene G, Sartori R, Becoulet M, Horton L, Eich T, Herrmann A, Laux M, Matthews G, Jachmich S, Asakura N, Chankin A, Leonard A, Porter G, Federici G, Shimada M, Sugihara M, Janeschitz G 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 313-316 962
[9]	Maggi C F, Groebner R J, Oyama N, Sartori R, Horton L D, Sips A C, Suttrop W, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Leonard T, Luce T C, Wade M R, DIII-D Team, Kamada Y, Urano H, JT-60U Team, Andrew Y, Giroud C, Joffrin E, de la Luna E, EFDA-JET Contributors for the Pedestal and Edge Physics and the Steady State Operation Topical Groups of the ITPA 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 535
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[11]	Baylor L R, Jernigan T C, Combs S K, Houlberg W A, Murakami M, Gohil P, Burrell K H, Greenfield C M, Groebner R J, Hsieh C L, La Haye R J, Parks P B, Staebler G M, Schmidt G L, Ernst D R, Synakowski E J, Porkolab M 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 1878
[12]	Lang P T, Alonso A, Alper B, Belonohy E, Boboc A, Devaux S, Eich T, Frigione D, Gál K, Garzotti L, Geraud A, Kocsis G, Köchl F, Lackner K, Loarte A, Lomas P J, Maraschek M, Müller H W, Neu R, Neuhauser J, Petravich G, Saibene G, Schweinzer J, Thomsen H, Tsalas M, Wenninger R, Zohm H, JET EFDA Contributors 2011 Nucl. Fusion 51 033010
[13]	Liu Y, Yan J C, Zhou C P, Ding X T, Wang S J,Wang E Y, Yao L H, Mao W C, Pan C H, HL-1M Team, HL-2A Team 2004 Nucl. Fusion 44 372
[14]	Duan X R, Dong J Q, Yan L W, Ding X T, Yang Q W, Rao J, Liu D Q, Xuan W M, Chen L Y, Li X D, Lei G J, Cao J Y, Cao Z, Song X M, Huang Y, Liu Yi, Mao W C, Wang Q M, Cui Z Y, Ji X Q, Li B, Li G S, Li H J, Luo C W, Wang Y Q, Yao L H, Yao L Y, Zhang J H, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Liu Yong, HL-2A Team 2010 Nucl. Fusion 50 095011
[15]	Dong J Q, Yan L W, Duan X R 2007 Sci. Technol. Rev. 25 61 (in Chinese) [董家齐, 严龙文, 段旭如 2007 科技导报 25 61]
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[17]	Zou G Q, Lei G J 2009 Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 082901
[18]	Yao L H, Zhao D W, Feng B B, Chen C Y, Zhou Y, Han X Y, Li Y G, Bucalossi J, Duan X R 2010 Plasma Sci. Technol. 12 529
[19]	Yao L H, Feng B B, Chen C Y, Shi Z B, Yuan B S, Zhou Y, Duan X R, Sun H J, Lu J, Jiao Y M, Ni G Q, Lu H Y, Xiao W W, Li W, Pan Y D, Hong W Y, Ran H, Ding X T, Liu Y 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 1399
[20]	Zhu G L, Liu D Q, Xu H B, Vinyar I, Lukin A, Wang M J 2011 Fusion Engineering and Design 86 2286
[21]	Huang Y, Nie L, Yu D L, Liu C H, Feng Z, Duan X R 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 055201
[22]	Zohm H 1996 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 38 105
[23]	Huysmans G T A 2005 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47 B165
[24]	Suttrop W 2000 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 42 A1
[25]	Perez C P, Koslowski H R, Hender T C, Smeulders P, Loarte A, Lomas P J, Saibene G, Sartori R, Becoulet M, Eich T, Hastie R J, Huysmans G T A, Jachmich S, Rogister A, Schüller F C, JET EFDA Contributors 2004 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46 61
[26]	Huang Y, Qiu X M, Ding X T, Wang E Y 2003 Chin. Phys. Lett. 20 87
[27]	Cheng J, Yan L W, Hong W Y, Zhao K J, Lan T, Qian J, Liu A D, Zhao H L, Liu Yi, Yang Q W, Dong J Q, Duan X R, Y Liu 2010 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 52 055003
[28]	Poli F M, Sharapov S E, Chapman S C, JET-EFDA Contributors 2008 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50 095009
[29]	Ma T P, Hu L Q, Chen K Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7209 (in Chinese) [马天鹏, 胡立群, 陈开云 2010 59 7209]
[30]	Poli F M, Lang P T, Sharapov S E, Alper B, Koslowski H R, JET-EFDA Contributors 2010 Nucl. Fusion 50 025004
[31]	Yuan B S, You T X, Liu L, Li F Z, Yang Q W, Feng B B 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2403 (in Chinese) [袁保山, 游天雪, 刘莉, 李芳著, 杨青巍, 冯北滨 2006 55 2403]
[32]	Kocsis G, Kálvin S, Lang P T, Maraschek M, Neuhauser J, Schneider W, Szepesi T, the ASDEX Upgrade Team 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 1166

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