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Starting from the energy conversion and energy conservation law in the constant-NVE ensemble, the molecular dynamics method using the COMPASS force field was applied to investigate the dynamic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) together with the GNR-based strain sensors. The following results were obtained: (a) the nonlinear response dominates the dynamic behavior of GNRs, and their ultra-high fundamental frequencies are closely related with the length and boundary conditions; (b) the effect of uniaxial tensile strain on the fundamental frequencies of GNRs is significant and strongly depends on boundary conditions, and the GNR-based strain sensor clamped on four edges has a higher frequency shift, and its sensitivity is up to 7800 Hz / nanostrain, much higher than that of carbon nanotube-based strain sensor with the same length; (c) the resonant characteristics of GNRs and GNR-based strain sensors are insensitive to the chirality. The obtained results suggest that, through cutting the appropriate size and setting the boundary conditions, the GNRs could be used to design a new generation of nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonators and strain sensors, owing to their ultra-low density and ultra-high fundamental frequencies as well as ultra-high sensitivity without considering the impact of chirality.
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Keywords:
- graphene nanoribbon /
- molecular dynamics /
- strain /
- fundamental frequency
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[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
[2] Du X, Skachko I, Barker A, Andrei E Y 2008 Nature Nanotech. 3 491
[3] Meric I, Han M Y, Young A F, Ozyilmaz B, Kim P, Shepard K L 2008 Nature Nanotech. 3 654
[4] Darancet P, Olevano V, Mayou D 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 136803
[5] Wang F, Zhang Y, Tian C, Girit C, Zettl A, Crommie M, Shen Y R 2008 Science 320 206
[6] Liao W, Zhou G, Xi F 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 104 126105
[7] Liu J, Wright A R, Zhang C, M Z 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 041106
[8] Chang C P, Lu C L, Shyu F L, Chen R B, Fang Y K, Lin M F 2004 Carbon 42 2975
[9] Abanin D A, Levitov L S 2007 Science 317 641
[10] Bunch J S, van der Zande A M, Verbridge S S, Frank I W, Tanenbaum D M, Parpia J M, Craighead H G, McEuen P L 2007 Science 315 490
[11] Garcia-Sanchez D, van der Zande A M, San Paulo A, Lassagne B, McEuen P L, Bachtold A 2008 Nano Lett. 8 1399
[12] Chen C Y, Rosenblatt S, Bolotin K I, Kalb W, Kim P, Kymissis I, Stormer H L, Heinz T F, Hone J 2009 Nature Nanotech. 4 861
[13] Liu S P, Zhou F, Jin A Z, Yang H F, Ma Y J, Li H, Gu C Z, Lü L, Jiang B, Zheng Q S, Wang S, Peng L M 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 4251 (in Chinese) [刘首鹏、周 锋、金爱子、 杨海方、马拥军、李 辉、顾长志、吕 力、姜 博、郑泉水、王 胜、彭练矛2005 54 4251]
[14] Ci L J, Xu Z P, Wang L L, Gao W, Ding F, Kelly K F, Yakobson B I, Ajayan P M 2008 Nano Res 1 116
[15] Jia X T, Hofmann M, Meunier V, Sumpter B G, Campos-Delgado J, Romo-Herrera J M, Son H, Hsieh Y P, Reina A, Kong J, Terrones M, Dresselhaus M S 2009 Science 323 1701
[16] Gunlycke D, White C T 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 115116
[17] Sun L, Li Q X, Ren H, Su H B, Shi Q W, Yang J L 2008 J. Chem. Phys. 129 074704
[18] Ouyang F P, Xu H, Lin F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 4132 (in Chinese) [欧阳方平、徐慧、林 峰2009 58 4132]
[19] Hu H X, Zhang Z H, Liu X H, Qiu M, Ding K H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7156 (in Chinese) [胡海鑫、张振华、刘新海、邱 明、丁开和 2009 58 7156]
[20] Zhou B H, Duan Z G, Zhou B L, Zhou G H 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 037204
[21] Sakhaee-Pour A, Ahmadian M T, Naghdabadi R 2008 Nanotechnology 19 085702
[22] Atalaya J, Isacsson A, Kinaret J M 2008 Nano Lett. 8 4196
[23] Sakhaee-Pour A, Ahmadian M T, Vafai A 2008 Solid State Commun. 145 168
[24] Sakhaee-Pour A, Ahmadian M T, Vafai A 2008 Solid State Commun. 147 336
[25] Dai M D, Eom K, Kim C W 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 203104
[26] Sadeghi M, Naghdabadi R 2010 Nanotechnology 21 105705
[27] Girit O, Meyer J C, Erni R, Rossell M D, Kisielowski C, Yang L, Park C, Crommie M F, Cohen M L, Louie S G, Zettl A 2009 Science 323 1705
[28] Ritter K A, Lyding J W 2009 Nature Mater. 8 235
[29] Zhou J, Huang R 2008 J. Mech. Phys. Solids 56 1609
[30] Zhao H, Min K, Aluru N R 2009 Nano Lett. 9 3012
[31] Bu H, ChenY F, Zou M, Yi H, Bi K D, Ni Z H 2009 Phys. Lett. A 373 3359
[32] Pei Q X, Zhang Y W, Shenoy V B 2010 Nanotechnology 21 115709
[33] Li Y, Qiu X M, Yang F,Wang X S, Yin Y J 2008 Nanotechnology 19 165502
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