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为精确测量铯原子里德堡态能级结构，本文基于电磁诱导透明（electromagnetically induced transparency,EIT）和Autler-Townes（AT）分裂效应，通过双光子相干激发结合微波场耦合，将里德堡态之间跃迁频率测量转化为AT分裂光谱间距的标定，在铯原子蒸气室体系中测量了三种典型里德堡跃迁频率： n2D5/2→（n+1）2P3/2（n=39-53），n2D3/2→（n+1） 2P1/2 （n=39-47）与n2S1/2→n2P1/2（n=59-62）。实验测得的跃迁频率值与开源Python库Alkali Rydberg Calculator （ ARC）理论计算值之间的偏差均小于850 kHz，其中平均偏差为449 kHz。该测量结果不仅验证了相关理论模型的可靠性，而且为铯原子里德堡态的精密光谱测量提供了另一种重要方法，对完善里德堡态原子结构理论和发展基于蒸汽室的里德堡原子量子技术具有重要价值。The precision determination of Rydberg states transition frequency is important for quantum sensing and computation. In this study, we prepare 133Cs Rydberg states of nD5/2, nD3/2, and nS1/2 by using a cascaded twophoton excitation scheme with counter-propagating 852 nm probe light and 509 nm coupling light in a cesium vapor cell. Furthermore, by introducing a microwave field to couple adjacent Rydberg states, we obtained the transition spectra between the Rydberg states based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting effects. Frequency calibration of the sampled data points collected by the oscilloscope was achieved using either the fine-structure splitting interval between nD5/2 and nD3/2 Rydberg states for n2D5/2→(n+1) 2P3/2 and n2D3/2 → (n+1) 2P1/2 transitions, or using a second EIT signal generated by an acousto-optic modulator frequency-shifted 852 nm laser for n2S1/2→n2P1/2 transitions. To reduce systematic errors, we employed a microwave frequency detuning method, calibrating the AT splitting intervals at different frequencies, and measured the resonant frequencies of three typical cesium Rydberg state transitions: n2D5/2→(n+1) 2P3/2 (n=39-53), n2D3/2→(n+1) 2P1/2 (n=39-47), and n2S1/2→n2P1/2 (n=59-62). Characterized by experimental simplicity, high precision, and broad applicability, this method is suitable for high-precision measurements of alkali metal Rydberg transition frequencies. Deviations between the experimentally measured transition frequencies and the theoretical values from the open-source Python library ARC (Alkali Rydberg Calculator) were all less than 850 kHz, with an average deviation of 449 kHz. Through the analysis of the influences of various physical effects such as Zeeman effect on the measurement of Rydberg state transition frequencies, the obtained measurement uncertainty is 410 kHz. This small deviation demonstrates the exceptional capability and reliability of the EIT-AT splitting method in overcoming environmental interference and achieving MHz-level precision measurements of Rydberg state transition frequencies. The results provide important data for Rydberg atom precision spectroscopy.
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Keywords:
- Rydberg state /
- cesium atom /
- electromagnetically induced transparency /
- absolute transition frequency
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