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摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）问世以来在自供能传感和环境能量收集领域展现出巨大潜力，但其长期运行的可靠性受制于摩擦层的磨损问题。本文提出一种基于滑槽-转轴间歇接触结构的摩擦纳米发电机（SR-TENG），通过在转动轴上制备特定的滑槽结构，使旋转盘沿滑槽作周期性的接触分离运动，从而将电极层与摩擦层之间由持续接触变为周期性短暂接触，这一滑槽-转轴结构有效减少了90%的接触摩擦时间。SR-TENG在200rpm转速下可稳定输出40 V的电压，经28.8万次循环后表面微结构仍存在且性能保持超过95%。作为自供能转速传感器，SR-TENG展现出优异的线性响应特性和快速动态响应。本研究不仅为解决TENG在长期运行中的磨损问题提供了有效结构设计策略，也为构建长效稳定的自供能传感系统开辟了新路径，在工业状态监测、智能物联网设备等领域具有重要的应用价值。Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a transformative technology for self-powered sensing and harvesting ubiquitous ambient mechanical energy. However, a critical bottleneck hindering their long-term reliability is the inevitable material wear and performance degradation caused by sustained friction between contacting layers. This work presents a slotted rotor-based TENG (SRTENG) that fundamentally addresses this wear challenge through an intermittent contact mechanism. The core innovation lies in a unique structural comprising a rotating shaft with precisely machined axial slots and a rotor disk equipped with a spring-loaded pin. As the shaft rotates, the pin engages with the helical slots, converting the uniform rotary motion into a controlled, periodic vertical reciprocating motion of the entire rotor assembly. This mechanical transformation shifts the operational mode from continuous sliding contact to periodic contactseparation cycles between the rotor-mounted electrode and the stationary bottom triboelectric layer, drastically minimizing direct friction time. Systematic experimental characterization demonstrates the efficacy of this design. Quantitative analysis confirms a 90% reduction in contact friction duration per cycle compared to standard rotary TENGs. The SR-TENG consistently delivers a stable opencircuit voltage of 40 V at 200 rpm. More critically, the device exhibits outstanding durability. After a rigorous accelerated test spanning 288,000 continuous cycles, the SR-TENG retains over 95% of its initial electrical output. Microscopic inspection via scanning electron microscopy reveals that the delicate microstructures on the triboelectric layer surface remain intact with no observable abrasion, providing direct physical evidence of the wear-mitigation effect. Beyond energy harvesting, the SR-TENG functions as a self-powered rotational speed sensor. Its output signal frequency shows an excellent linear relationship with rotational speed, and the device boasts a rapid dynamic response time of less than 10 ms, enabling precise real-time monitoring. In conclusion, this study proposes a highly effective and mechanically elegant structural strategy to solve the wear problem in rotary TENGs. The SR-TENG design not only ensures exceptional long-term operational stability and performance retention but also demonstrates versatile functionality as a sensor. This work provides a viable pathway for developing durable self-powered systems, with significant application potential in industrial equipment condition monitoring, distributed IoT sensor networks, and smart infrastructure.
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Keywords:
- Triboelectric Nanogenerator /
- Friction Loss /
- Intermittent Contact /
- High Durability
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