原子核熔合反应研究进展

张钰海; 董益菲; 仲佳勇; 张丰收

doi:10.7498/aps.75.20251346

摘要
熔合反应不仅为研究量子多体系统中的动态演化和耗散机制提供了关键信息，也为探索原子核反应动力学与结构特征开辟了重要途径.本文系统给出了从氢到钔不同质量区元素的合成路径，以及从轻体系到重体系的各类重离子熔合反应的实验进展.评述了现有理论模型在描述俘获过程中的优越性与局限性，重点分析了唯象模型与微观动力学模型对不同反应体系熔合行为的优势与不足.在此基础上，进一步凝炼出熔合反应研究中的若干关键科学问题，包括重离子熔合阻碍、极深垒下熔合抑制、熔合几率P_CN以及复合核的裂变势垒等，并对未来熔合反应的研究方向提出了展望与建议.本文数据集可在科学数据银行数据库https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00213.00238中访问获取.

关键词:
熔合反应 /

核反应模型 /

俘获截面 /

蒸发剩余截面
Abstract
Fusion reactions not only provide key information for studying the dynamic evolution and dissipation mechanisms in quantum many-body systems, but also open up an important avenue for exploring the reaction dynamics and structural characteristics of atomic nuclei. In recent years, with the continuous development of the technology for synthesizing new elements and their isotopes via fusion reactions, a series of new elements and their isotopes have been successfully synthesized. This paper systematically summarizes the synthesis pathways of elements in different mass regions, ranging from hydrogen to mendelevium, as well as the experimental progress of various heavy-ion fusion reactions from light systems to heavy systems. It reviews the advantages and limitations of current theoretical models in describing the capture process, and focuses on analyzing the strengths and shortcomings of phenomenological models and microscopic dynamic models in explaining the fusion behavior of different reaction systems. For the capture cross sections in light nuclei-light nuclei reaction systems, the EBD method, the CCFULL model, the universal Wong formula, and the ImQMD model all demonstrate good agreement with the experimental data. For the systems involving light nuclei-medium mass nuclei and light nuclei-heavy nuclei, the mentioned above models provide satisfactory descriptions. In particular, for the ¹⁶O+1⁴⁴Sm reaction system, the results obtained from the CCFULL model show good agreement with experimental data across both the sub-barrier and above-barrier energy regions. For the heavy nuclei-heavy nuclei systems, however, the EBD method holds a distinct advantage. Therefore, in subsequent predictions of the evaporation residue cross sections for superheavy elements, the results calculated by the EBD method can serve as the input for the capture cross section. On this basis, several key scientific issues in fusion reaction research are proposed, including heavy-ion fusion hindrance, the phenomenon of fusion suppression at extreme sub-barrier energies, fusion probability PCN, and the fission barrier of compound nuclei, etc. Furthermore, an outlook and suggestions for future research directions in fusion reactions are provided.

Keywords:
fusion reaction /

nuclear reaction model /

capture cross section /

evaporation residue cross section
施引文献

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原子核熔合反应研究进展

Research Progress in Nuclear Fusion Reactions

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Research Progress in Nuclear Fusion Reactions

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