量子计算与量子模拟

范桁

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180710

摘要

量子计算和量子模拟在过去的几年里发展迅速，今后涉及多量子比特的量子计算和量子模拟将是一个发展的重点.本文回顾了该领域的主要进展，包括量子多体模拟、量子计算、量子计算模拟器、量子计算云平台、量子软件等内容，其中量子多体模拟又涵盖量子多体动力学、时间晶体及多体局域化、量子统计和量子化学等的模拟.这些研究方向的回顾是基于对现阶段量子计算和量子模拟研究特点的考虑，即量子比特数处于中等规模而量子操控精度还不具有大规模逻辑门实现的能力，研究处于基础科研和实用化的过渡阶段，因此综述的内容主要还是希望管窥今后的发展.

关键词:

Abstract

In past few years, quantum computation and quantum simulation have been developed rapidly. The research on quantum computation and quantum simulation involving medium scale number of qubits will have a development priority. In this paper, we review recent developments in those directions. The review will include quantum simulation of many-body system, quantum computation, digital quantum simulators and cloud quantum computation platforms, and quantum software. The quantum simulation of many-body system will include the simulation of quantum dynamics, time crystal and many-body localization, quantum statistical physics and quantum chemistry. The review of those results is based on our consideration to the current characteristics of quantum computation and quantum simulation. Specifically, the number of available qubits is on a medium scale from dozens to several hundreds, the fidelity of the quantum logic gate is not high enough for several thousand of operations. In this sense, the present research is at the stage from fundamental explorations to practical applications. With these in mind, we hope that this review can be helpful for the future study in quantum computation and quantum simulation.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

范桁^1,2

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 固态量子信息与计算实验室, 北京 100190;

2.
中国科学院大学, 拓扑量子计算卓越创新中心, 北京 100190

通信作者: 范桁, hfan@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（批准号：2016YFA0302104，2016YFA0300600）、国家自然科学基金（批准号：91536108，11774406）和中国科学院先导培育项目（批准号：XDPB08-3）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Fan Heng^1,2

1.
Solid State Quantum Information and Computation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

2.
Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Corresponding author: Fan Heng, hfan@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key RD Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0302104, 2016YFA0300600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91536108, 11774406), and the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDPB08-3).

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Feynman R P 1982 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 467
[2]	Bernie H, Schwartz S, Keesling A, Levine H, Omran A, Pichler H, Choi S, Zibrov A S, Endres M, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin M D 2017 Nature 551 579
[3]	Zhang J, Pagano G, Hess P W, Kyprianidi A, Becker P, Kaplan H, Gorshkov A V, Gong Z X, Monroe C 2017 Nature 551 601
[4]	Heyl M, Polkovnikov A, Kehrein S 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 135704
[5]	Wilczek F 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 250402
[6]	Yao N Y, Potter A C, Potimiche I D, Vishwanath A 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 030401
[7]	Zhang J, Hess P W, Kyprianidis A, Becker P, Lee A, Smith J, Pagano G, Potirniche I D, Potter A C, Vishwanath A, Yao N Y, Monroe C 2017 Nature 543 217
[8]	Choi S, Choi J, Landig R, Kucsko G, Zhou H, Isoya J, Jelezko F, Onoda S, Sumiya H, Khemani V, Keyserlingk C, Yao N Y, Demler E, Lukin M D 2017 Nature 543 221
[9]	Schreiber M, Hodgman S S, Bordia P, Lschen H P, Fischer M H, Vosk R, Altman E, Schneider U, Bloch I 2015 Science 349 842
[10]	Alvarez G A, Suter D, Kaiser R M 2015 Science 349 846
[11]	Choi J Y, Hild S, Zeiher J, Schau P, Rubio-Abadal A, Yefsah T, Khemani V, Huse D A, Bloch I, Gross C 2016 Science 352 1547
[12]	Smith J, Richerme P, Neyenhuis B, Hess P W, Hauke P, Heyl M, Huse M A, Monroe C 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 907
[13]	Xu K, Chen J J, Zeng Y, Zhang Y R, Song C, Liu W, Guo Q, Zhang P, Xu D, Deng H, Huang K, Wang H, Zhu X, Zheng D, Fan H 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 050507
[14]	Roushan P, Neill C, Tangpanitanon J, Bastidas V M, Megrant A, Barends R, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Fowler A, Foxen B, Giustina M, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Lucero E, Mutus J, Neeley M, Quintana C, Sank D, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, White T, Neven H, Angelakis D G, Martinis J 2017 Science 358 1175
[15]	An S, Zhang J N, Um M, L D, Lu Y, Zhan J, Yin Z Q, Quan H T, Kim K 2015 Nat. Phys. 11 193
[16]	Liu B H, Li L, Huang Y F, Li C F, Guo G C, Laine E M, Breuer H P, Piilo J 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 931
[17]	Guo X Y, Peng Y, Peng C N, Deng H, Jin Y R, Tang C, Zhu X B, Zheng D, Fan H 2017 arXiv:171010234[quant-ph]
[18]	Peng X H, Zhou H, Wei B B, Cui J, Du J, Liu R B 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 010601
[19]	Lu C Y, Gao W B, Ghne O, Zhou X Q, Chen Z B, Pan J W 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 030502
[20]	Zhong Y P, Xu D, Wang P, Song C, Guo Q J, Liu W X, Xu K, Xia B X, Lu C Y, Han S, Pan J W, Wang H 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 110501
[21]	Martinez E A, Muschik C A, Schindler P, Nigg D, Erhard A, Heyl M, Hauke P, Dalmonte M, Monz T, Zoller P, Blatt R 2016 Nature 534 516
[22]	Aspuru-Guzik A, Dutoi A D, Love P J, Head-Gordon M 2005 Science 309 1704
[23]	Lanyon B P, Whitfield J D, Gillett G G, Goggin M E, Almeida M P, Kassal I, Biamonte J D, Mohseni M, Powell B J, Barbieri M, Aspuru-Guzik A, White A G 2010 Nat. Chem. 2 106
[24]	McClean J R, Kivlichan I D, Sung K J, Steiger D S, Cao Y, Dai C, Fried E S, Gidney C, Gimby B, Hner T, Hardikar T, Havlček V, Huang C, Jiang Z, Neeley M, O'Brien T, Ozfidan I, Radin M D, Romero J, Rubin N, Sawaya N P D, Setia K, Sim S, Steudtner M, Sun W, Zhang F, Babbush R 2017 arXiv:171007629[quant-ph]
[25]	Georgescu I M, Ashhab S, Nori F 2014 Rev. Mod. Phys. 86 153
[26]	Shor P 1997 SIAM J. Comput. 26 1484
[27]	Harrow A W, Hassidim A, Lloyd S 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 150502
[28]	Grover L K 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 325
[29]	Cai X D, Weedbrook C, Su Z E, Chen M C, Gu M, Zhu M J, Li L, Liu N L, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 230501
[30]	Pan J, Cao Y, Yao X, Li Z, Ju C, Chen H, Peng X, Kais S, Du J 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 022313
[31]	Zheng Y R, Song C, Chen M C, Xia B, Liu W, Guo Q J, Zhang L, Xu D, Deng H, Huang K, Wu Y, Yan Z, Zheng D, Lu L, Pan J W, Wang H, Lu C Y, Zhu X 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 210504
[32]	Vandersypen L M K, Steffen M, Breyta G, Yannoni C S, Mark H, Sherwood M H, Chuang I L 2001 Nature 414 883
[33]	Lu C Y, Browne D E, Yang T, Pan J W 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 250504
[34]	Monz T, Nigg D, Martinez E A, Brandl M F, Schindler P, Rines R, Wang S X, Chuang I L, Blatt R 2016 Science 351 1068
[35]	Xu N Y, Zhu J, Lu D, Zhou X, Peng X, Du J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 130501
[36]	Xu K B, Xie T, Li Z, Xu X, Wang M, Ye X, Kong F, Geng G, Duan C, Shi F, Du J 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 130504
[37]	Jones J L, Mosca M, Hansen R H 1998 Nature 393 344
[38]	Figgat C, Maslov D, Landsman K A, Linke N M, Debnath S, Monroe C 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1918
[39]	Johnson M W, Amin M H, Gildert S, Lanting T, Hamze F, Dickson N, Harris R, Berkley A J, Johansson J, Bunyk P, Chapple E M, Enderud C, Hilton J P, Karimi K, Ladizinsky E, Ladizinsky N, Oh T, Perminov I, Rich C, Thom M C, Tolkacheva E, Truncik C J, Uchaikin S, Wang J, Wilson B, Rose G 2011 Nature 473 194
[40]	Boixo S, Rnnow T, Isakov S V, Wang Z, Wecker D, Lidar D A, Martinis J M, Troyer M 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 218
[41]	Mott A, Job J, Vlimant J R, Lidar D, Spiropulu M 2017 Nature 550 375
[42]	Ronnow T F, Wang Z, Job J, Boixo S, Isakov S V, Wecker D, Martinis J M, Lidar D A, Troyer M 2014 Science 345 420
[43]	Heim B, Ronnow T F, Isakov S V, Troyer M 2015 Science 348 215
[44]	Broome M A, Fedrizzi A, Rahimi-Keshari S, Dove J, Aaronson S, Ralph T C, White A G 2013 Science 339 794
[45]	Spring J B, Metcalf B J, Humphreys P C, Kolthammer W S, Jin X M, Barbieri M, Datta A, Thomas-Peter N, Langford N K, Kundys D, Gates J C, Smith B J, Smith P G R, Walmsley I A 2013 Science 339 798
[46]	Tillmann M, Dakić B, Heilmann R, Nolte S, Szameit A, Walther P 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 540
[47]	Wang H, He Y, Li Y H, Su Z E, Li B, Huang H L, Ding X, Chen M C, Liu C, Qin J, Li J P, He Y M, Schneider C, Kamp M, Peng C Z, Hfling S, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2017 Nat. Photon. 11 361
[48]	OriginQC, www.qubitonline.cn
[49]	Shao H, Qin Y Q, Capponi S, Chesi S, Meng Z Y, Sandvik A W 2017 Phys. Rev. X 7 041072
[50]	Liao H J, Xie Z Y, Chen J, Liu Z Y, Xie H D, Huang R Z, Normand B, Xiang T 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 137202
[51]	Chong F T, Franklin D, Martonosi M 2017 Nature 549 180
[52]	Biamonte J, Wittek P, Pancotti N, Rebentrost P, Wiebe N, Lloyd S 2017 Nature 549 195
[53]	Lloyd S 2000 Phys. Rev. A 62 022108

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