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Femtosecond pulse measurement of ultrafast spectrum is one of the important research directions in the ultrafast laser field. The conventional femtosecond pulse autocorrelation method is implemented by measuring the autocorrelated frequency-doubling signal, and the frequency-doubling signal has wavelength selectivity, so the femtosecond pulse measurement for the case of different central wavelengths needs to replace different frequency-doubling crystals, which is very inconvenient. This paper reports a kind of modified transient grating frequency resolution optical gating for measuring the femtosecond pulses. The method combines frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) method with four-wave mixing. Its basic process is to divide the pulse to be measured into three beams. Two of the pulses can reach spatiotemporal coincidence on optical medium through precise delay control and focus. The other pulse interacts with the transient grating, and serves as the detection light to produce signal light. The spectrum and delay time of the signal light are measured by a spectrometer, and the spectrum and electric field information of the femtosecond pulse to be measured are obtained through the inversion iterative algorithm. Because this method only needs the power density of the measured light to reach the third-order nonlinear effect, it can be applied to the femtosecond pulse measurement of any central wavelength. We use this method to measure the femtosecond pulses with the central wavelengths of 800 nm and 400 nm respectively, and the ultra-wide spectrum femtosecond pulses with the period magnitude of sub-10 fs, and compare the measurement results with the results obtained with the conventional interferometric autocorrelation instrument. They are basically consistent. The experimental results show that our frequency-resolved optical switching method based on transient grating is very effective for measuring the femtosecond pulses with different central wavelengths and pulse widths.
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[16] Iaconis C, Walmsley I A 1999 IEEE J. Quantum Elect. 35 4
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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图 1 FROG迭代算法流程图
Figure 1. Flow chart of FROG iterative algorithm.
图 2 (a) TG-FROG光路结构和相位匹配条件示意图; (b)产生的瞬态光栅信号光
Figure 2. (a) Schematic of TG-FROG optical structure and phase-match condition; (b) signal pulses generated by transient-grating
图 3 自动满足相位匹配的TG-FROG装置图 H1: 三孔光阑; H2: 小孔光阑; D1、D2: D型反射镜; M1, M2: 凹面银镜; F: 熔石英玻璃片; S: 光谱仪
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the phase-matched TG-FROG apparatus.
图 4 TG-FROG测量钛宝石激光脉冲结果 (a)实验测量的行迹图; (b)反演计算的行迹图; (b)光谱和相位信息; (d)脉冲电场强度分布
Figure 4. Results of TG-FROG measurement for Ti sapphire laser pulse: (a) Measured trace; (b) reconstructed trace; (c) spectral intensity and phase; (d) distribution of retrieved temporal intensity.
图 5 SPIDER测量钛宝石激光脉冲结果 (a)光谱干涉条纹; (b)光谱和相位信息; (c)脉冲电场强度分布
Figure 5. Results of SPIDER measurement for Ti sapphire laser pulse: (a) Measured spectral interferogram; (b) spectral intensity and phase; (c) distribution of retrieved temporal intensity.
图 6 干涉自相关仪测量钛宝石激光脉冲结果
Figure 6. Result of interference autocorrelator measurement for Ti sapphire laser pulse.
图 7 TG-FROG测量二倍频脉冲结果 (a)实验测量的行迹图; (b)反演计算的行迹图; (b)光谱以及相位信息; (d)脉冲电场强度分布
Figure 7. Results of TG-FROG measurement for SHG laser pulse: (a) Measured trace; (b) reconstructed trace; (c) spectral intensity and phase; (d) distribution of retrieved temporal intensity.
图 8 TG-FROG测量超连续光谱的脉冲结果 (a)实验测量的行迹图; (b)反演计算的行迹图; (b)光谱以及相位信息; (d)脉冲电场强度分布
Figure 8. Results of TG-FROG measurement for supercontinuum laser pulse: (a) Measured trace; (b) reconstructed trace; (c) spectral intensity and phase; (d) distribution of retrieved temporal intensity.
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[1] Fork R L, Greene B I, Shank C V 1981 Appl. Phys. Lett. 38 671
Google Scholar
[2] Ell R, Angelow G, Seitz W, Lederer M J, Heinz H, Kopf D, Birge J R, Kärtner F X 2005 Opt. Express. 13 9292
Google Scholar
[3] Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Svelto O 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 2793
Google Scholar
[4] Zhang W, Teng H, Yun C X, Zhong X, Hou X, Wei Z Y 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 054211
Google Scholar
[5] He P, Liu Y Y, Zhao K, Teng H, He X K, Huang P, Huang H D, Zhong S Y, Jiang Y J, Fang S B, Hou X, Wei Z Y 2017 Opt. Lett. 42 474
Google Scholar
[6] Wirth A, Hassan M T, Grguraš I, Gagnon J, Moule t A, Luu T T, Pabst S, Santra R, Alahmed Z A, Azzeer A M, Yakovlev V S, Pervak V, Krausz F, Goulielmakis E 2011 Science 334 195
Google Scholar
[7] Hassan M Th, Wirth A, Grguraš I, Moulet A, Luu T T, Gagnon J, Pervak V, Goulielmakis E 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 111301
Google Scholar
[8] Dubietis A, Jonusauskas G, Piskarskas A 1992 Opt. Commun. 88 437
Google Scholar
[9] Weber H P 1967 J. Appl. Phys. 38 2231
Google Scholar
[10] Diels J C, Stryland E W V, Gold D 1978 Picosecond Phenomena (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) pp117−120
[11] Kane D J, Trebino R 1993 IEEE J. Quantum Elect. 29 571
Google Scholar
[12] Delong K W, Trebino R 1994 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11 2429
Google Scholar
[13] Trebino R, Kane D J 1993 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 10 1101
Google Scholar
[14] Kane D J, Trebino R 1993 Opt. Lett. 18 823
Google Scholar
[15] Delong K W, Trebino R, Hunter J, White W E 1994 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 2206
Google Scholar
[16] Iaconis C, Walmsley I A 1999 IEEE J. Quantum Elect. 35 4
[17] Li M, Nibarger J P, Guo C L, Gibson G N 1999 Appl. Optics 38 5250
Google Scholar
[18] Sweetser J N, Fittinghoff D N, Trebino R 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 519
Google Scholar
[19] Zhang N H, Teng H, Huang H D, Tian W L, Zhu J F, Wu H P, Pan S L, Fang S B, Wei Z Y 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 124204
Google Scholar
[20] 黄沛, 方少波, 黄杭东, 赵昆, 滕浩, 侯洵, 魏志义 2018 67 214202
Google Scholar
Huang P, Fang S B, Huang H D, Zhao K, Teng H, Hou X, Wei Z Y 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 214202
Google Scholar
[21] Eichler H J, Gunter P, Pohl D W 1985 Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) pp193—198
[22] Eckbreth A C 1978 Appl. Phys. Lett. 32 421
Google Scholar
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