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The Monte Carlo intra-nuclear cascade program CBIM has been developed for describing spallation reactions involving protons, neutrons and pions on complex nuclei. In order to describe cascade process, several simplifications and assumptions are made in the following:firstly, neither reaction, nor reflection, nor refraction, nor ionization will be taken into account before the incident particle enters into the target nucleus; secondly, target nucleus is regarded as being spherical and the atom number should be greater than 2; thirdly, the knocked nucleon is determined by cross section sampling; finally, in the center-of-mass frame, the scattering angle is sampled based on differential cross section distribution. The basis physics model is based on the above assumptions and Bertini intra-nuclear cascade model; meanwhile, nucleon-nucleon angle differential distributions of INCL in the center-of-mass frame are introduced to overcome the shortage of Bertini model. The interactions between nucleon and nucleon or between nucleon and pion, such as elastic scattering, pion production and charge exchange, are included in the code. In the particles collision, the nucleon density changes with the target nucleus radius; and the interaction cross sections refer to 22 kinds of experimental cross sections in Bertini model. The intra-nuclear cascades induced by 45-3500 MeV neutron, proton or pion below 2500 MeV can be simulated by this code. Finally, comparisons between experimental reaction cross section over the energy range 60-378 MeV, and some simulation results by MCNPX, GEANT4 and PHITS over the energy range 65-3000 MeV show that they are in reasonable agreement with the CBIM results over the broad energy range considered.
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Keywords:
- nucleon /
- pion /
- intranuclear-cascade /
- Monte Carlo method
[1] Filges D, Coldenbaum F 2009 Handbook of Spallation Research (Weinheim:Wiley-VCH) pp3-92
[2] Bertini H W 1970 Ph. D. Dissertation (America:Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
[3] Bertini H W 1963 Phys. Rev. 131 1801
[4] Bertini H W 1969 Phys. Rev. 188 1711
[5] Boudard A, Cugnon J, Leray S 2002 Phys. Rev. C 66 044615
[6] Yariv Y, Fraenkel Z 1979 Phys. Rev. C 20 2227
[7] Gudima K K, Mashnik S G, Toneev V D 1983 Nucl. Phys. A 401 329
[8] Han Y L 2004 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 28 48(in Chinese)[韩银录2004高能物理与核物理28 48]
[9] Yu H W, Cai C H, Zhao Z X 2005 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 29 263(in Chinese)[于洪伟, 蔡崇海, 赵志祥2005高能物理与核物理29 263]
[10] Liang C T, Cai C H 2007 Atomic Energy Science and Technology 41 1(in Chinese)[梁春恬, 蔡崇海2007原子能科学技术41 1]
[11] Wang H Q, Cai X, Liu Y 1992 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 16 259(in Chinese)[王海桥, 蔡勖, 刘庸1992高能物理与核物理16 259]
[12] Chen X 1982 J. National University of Defense Technology 2 17(in Chinese)[陈翔1982国防科技大学学报2 17]
[13] Zhang S F 1982 J. National University of Defense Technology 2 27(in Chinese)[张树发1982国防科技大学学报2 27]
[14] Wang Q T, Zhang W Y 2007 J. Tsinghua Univ. (Sci. & Tech.) 47 1072(in Chinese)[王同权, 张文勇2007清华大学学报(自然科学版) 47 1072]
[15] Boudard A 2008 Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on Model Codes for Spallation Reactions, Trieste, February 4-8, 2008 p1930
[16] Chen K, Fraenkel Z, Friedlander G, Grover J R, Miller J M, Shimamoto Y 1968 Phys. Rev. 166 949
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[1] Filges D, Coldenbaum F 2009 Handbook of Spallation Research (Weinheim:Wiley-VCH) pp3-92
[2] Bertini H W 1970 Ph. D. Dissertation (America:Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
[3] Bertini H W 1963 Phys. Rev. 131 1801
[4] Bertini H W 1969 Phys. Rev. 188 1711
[5] Boudard A, Cugnon J, Leray S 2002 Phys. Rev. C 66 044615
[6] Yariv Y, Fraenkel Z 1979 Phys. Rev. C 20 2227
[7] Gudima K K, Mashnik S G, Toneev V D 1983 Nucl. Phys. A 401 329
[8] Han Y L 2004 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 28 48(in Chinese)[韩银录2004高能物理与核物理28 48]
[9] Yu H W, Cai C H, Zhao Z X 2005 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 29 263(in Chinese)[于洪伟, 蔡崇海, 赵志祥2005高能物理与核物理29 263]
[10] Liang C T, Cai C H 2007 Atomic Energy Science and Technology 41 1(in Chinese)[梁春恬, 蔡崇海2007原子能科学技术41 1]
[11] Wang H Q, Cai X, Liu Y 1992 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 16 259(in Chinese)[王海桥, 蔡勖, 刘庸1992高能物理与核物理16 259]
[12] Chen X 1982 J. National University of Defense Technology 2 17(in Chinese)[陈翔1982国防科技大学学报2 17]
[13] Zhang S F 1982 J. National University of Defense Technology 2 27(in Chinese)[张树发1982国防科技大学学报2 27]
[14] Wang Q T, Zhang W Y 2007 J. Tsinghua Univ. (Sci. & Tech.) 47 1072(in Chinese)[王同权, 张文勇2007清华大学学报(自然科学版) 47 1072]
[15] Boudard A 2008 Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on Model Codes for Spallation Reactions, Trieste, February 4-8, 2008 p1930
[16] Chen K, Fraenkel Z, Friedlander G, Grover J R, Miller J M, Shimamoto Y 1968 Phys. Rev. 166 949
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