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Geometrical factor has been widely used in the design of induction tool and analysis of complex logging responses, as well as the high resolution processing of logging data. Works in this area are usually limited to two-dimensional isotropic medium and are only available to cases of coaxial transmitter and coaxial receiver coupling. For a more thorough understanding of multicomponent induction logging in the presence of transverse anisotropy, a knowledge of anisotropic geometrical factor is often necessary. In this paper, the two-dimensional and isotropic geometrical factors are extended to the anisotropic media using Born approximation, and the expressions of 3D Born geometrical factors for multicomponent induction logging are derived. Then the sensitivity and detectability of coaxial, coplanar and cross-coupling measurements are investigated. Numerical results show that with increasing coefficients of conductivity anisotropy, the spatial distribution of geometrical factors becomes increasingly complicated, and more sensitivity information can be detected by multicomponent induction tools. The multicomponent induction tool is sensitive to conductivity anisotropy at arbitrary dipping angles. In vertical wells, coplanar measurements are significantly affected by the conductivity anisotropy. Compared with coaxial and coplanar measurements, cross-coupling component offers superior sensitivity information to the conductivity anisotropy with the dipping angle being 40~ 60°. In horizontal wells, coaxial measurements are the most sensitive to the conductivity anisotropy. The extended 3D Born geometrical factor directly exhibits the anisotropy sensitivity in terms of spatial contribution, and has made up for the shortage of previous geometrical factors. The new geometrical factor will create favorable conditions for the development of new multicomponent induction tool and the interpretation of anisotropic formations.
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Keywords:
- multi-component induction logging /
- geometrical factor /
- anisotropic media /
- Born approximation
[1] Hagiwara T 1997 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition San Antonio, Texas, October 5-8, 1997 38669
[2] Klein J D, Martin P T, Allen D F The Society of Petrophysicists, Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 36th Annual Logging Symposium Paris, France, June 26-29, 1997 HH
[3] Kennedy W D, Herrick D C, Yao T T 2001 Petrophysics 42 118
[4] Deng S G, Fan Y R, Li Z Q, Sun Q T 2011 Pet. Sci. 8 11
[5] Schoen J H, Mollison R A, Georgi D T 1999 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Houston, Texas, October 3-6, 1999 56509
[6] Cook A E, Anderson B I, Malinverno A, Mrozewski S, Goldberg D S 2010 Geophysics 75 173
[7] Clavaud J B 2008 Petrophysics 49 243
[8] Moran J H, Gianzero S 1979 Geophysics 44 1266
[9] Gianzero S 1999 The Log Analyst 40 485
[10] Weiss C J, Newman G A 2002 Geophysics 67 1104
[11] Howard A Q 2000 IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 48 1376
[12] Novo M S, Silva L C, Teixeira F L 2007 IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters 6 549
[13] Zhang Z Y, Gonguet C, Rajani V, Roeterdink R 2008 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 49th Annual Logging Symposium Austin, Texas, May 25-28, 2008 FFFF
[14] Liu G S, Teixeira F L, Zhang G J 2012 IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60 318
[15] Lee H O, Teixeira F L, Martin L S, Bittar M S 2012 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 50 727
[16] Peksen E 2013 International Journal of Geosciences 4 58
[17] Kriegshauser B, Fanini O, Forgang S, Itskovich G, Rabinovich, M, Tabarovsky L, Yu L, Epov M, Gupta P, Horst J V 2000 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 41th Annual Logging SymposiumDallas, Texas, June 4-7, 2000 D
[18] Rosthal R, Barber T, Bonner S, Chen K C, Davydycheva S, Hazen G, Homan D, Kibbe C, Minerbo G, Schlein R, Villegas L, Wang H M, Zhou F 2003 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 46th Annual Logging SymposiumGalveston, Texas, June 22-25, 2003 QQ
[19] Davydycheva S 2010 Geophysics 75 E31
[20] Hou J S, Sanmartin L, Wu D G, Torres D, Celepcikay T 2013 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 54th Annual Logging SymposiumNew Orleans, Louisiana, June 22-26, 2013 CCC
[21] Barber T D 1986 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 27th Annual Logging Symposium Houston, Texas, June 9-13, 1986 EE
[22] Barber T D, Rosthal R A 1991 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and ExhibitionDallas, Texas, October 6-9, 1991 22725
[23] Lv W G, Chu Z T, Zhao X Q, Fan Y X, Song R L, Han W 2009 Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 014102
[24] Cui Z W, Wang K X, Hu H S, Sun J G 2007 Chin. Phys. B 16 746
[25] Zhang Z Y, Yu L M, Kriegshauser B, Tabarovsky L 2004 Geophysics 69 898
[26] Wang H, Barber T, Morriss C, Rosthal R, Hayden R, Markley M 2006 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition San Antonio, Texas, September 24-27, 2006 103113
[27] Tsili W, Alex B, Bill C, Dan G, Michael R, Stephen D, Tang Y M 2006 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 47th Annual Logging SymposiumVeracruz, Mexico, June 4-7, 2006 QQQ
[28] Rabinovich M, Tabarovsky L, Corley B, Horst J V, Epov M 2006 Petrophysics 47 506
[29] Zhdanov M, Kennedy D, Peksen E 2001 Petrophysics 42 588
[30] Zhong L L, Li J, Bhardwaj A, Shen L C, Richard C L 2008 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 46 1148
[31] Wei X K, Shao W, Shi S B, Zhang Y, Wang B Z 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 070203
[32] Zhou J M, Zhang Y, Wang H N, Yang S W, Yin C C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 159101 (in Chinese) [周建美, 张烨, 汪宏年, 杨守文, 殷长春 2014 63 159101]
[33] Hong D C, Yang S D 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 109101 (in Chinese) [洪德成, 杨善德 2011 60 109101]
[34] Wang H N, Hu P, Tao H G, Yang S W 2012 Chinese J. Geophysics. 55 717 (in Chinese) [汪宏年, 胡平, 陶宏根, 杨守文 2012 地球 55 717]
[35] Spies B R, Habashy T M 1995 Geophysics 60 834
[36] Wang H M, Barber T, Chen K, Davydycheva S, Frey M, Homan D, Minerbo G, Morriss C, Rosthal R, Tumbiolo G 2006 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Beijing, China, December 5-7, 2006 103897
[37] Wang H, Davydycheva S, Zhou J J, Frey M, Barber T, Abubakar A, Habashy T 2008 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Las Vegas, Nevada, November 9-14, 2008 0248
[38] Ning Y, Nie X C, Liu R, Qiu C W 2010 Geophysics 75 E101
[39] Doll H G 1949 Journal of Petroleum Technology 1 148
[40] Gianzero S, Anderson B 1981 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 22th Annual Logging SymposiumMexico City, Mexico, June 23-26, 1981 I
[41] Moran J H 1982 The Log Analyst 23 4
[42] Zhang G J, Zhang Z Q 1998 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 36 732
[43] Zhang G J 2009 Electric Logging Algorithm (Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press) p88 (in Chinese) [张庚骥 2009 电测井算法(北京:石油工业出版社) 第88页]
[44] Howard A Q, Chew W C 1990 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 28 394
[45] Alumbaugh D L, Wilt M J 2001 Petrophysics 42 19
[46] Barber T, Anderson B, Abubakar A, Broussard T, Chen K C, Davydycheva S, Druskin V, Homan D, Minerbo G, Rosthal R, Schlein R, Wang H M 2004 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Houston, Texas, September 26-29, 2004 90526
[47] Lu X Y, Alumbaugh D L 2001 Petrophysics 42 566
-
[1] Hagiwara T 1997 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition San Antonio, Texas, October 5-8, 1997 38669
[2] Klein J D, Martin P T, Allen D F The Society of Petrophysicists, Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 36th Annual Logging Symposium Paris, France, June 26-29, 1997 HH
[3] Kennedy W D, Herrick D C, Yao T T 2001 Petrophysics 42 118
[4] Deng S G, Fan Y R, Li Z Q, Sun Q T 2011 Pet. Sci. 8 11
[5] Schoen J H, Mollison R A, Georgi D T 1999 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Houston, Texas, October 3-6, 1999 56509
[6] Cook A E, Anderson B I, Malinverno A, Mrozewski S, Goldberg D S 2010 Geophysics 75 173
[7] Clavaud J B 2008 Petrophysics 49 243
[8] Moran J H, Gianzero S 1979 Geophysics 44 1266
[9] Gianzero S 1999 The Log Analyst 40 485
[10] Weiss C J, Newman G A 2002 Geophysics 67 1104
[11] Howard A Q 2000 IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 48 1376
[12] Novo M S, Silva L C, Teixeira F L 2007 IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters 6 549
[13] Zhang Z Y, Gonguet C, Rajani V, Roeterdink R 2008 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 49th Annual Logging Symposium Austin, Texas, May 25-28, 2008 FFFF
[14] Liu G S, Teixeira F L, Zhang G J 2012 IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60 318
[15] Lee H O, Teixeira F L, Martin L S, Bittar M S 2012 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 50 727
[16] Peksen E 2013 International Journal of Geosciences 4 58
[17] Kriegshauser B, Fanini O, Forgang S, Itskovich G, Rabinovich, M, Tabarovsky L, Yu L, Epov M, Gupta P, Horst J V 2000 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 41th Annual Logging SymposiumDallas, Texas, June 4-7, 2000 D
[18] Rosthal R, Barber T, Bonner S, Chen K C, Davydycheva S, Hazen G, Homan D, Kibbe C, Minerbo G, Schlein R, Villegas L, Wang H M, Zhou F 2003 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 46th Annual Logging SymposiumGalveston, Texas, June 22-25, 2003 QQ
[19] Davydycheva S 2010 Geophysics 75 E31
[20] Hou J S, Sanmartin L, Wu D G, Torres D, Celepcikay T 2013 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 54th Annual Logging SymposiumNew Orleans, Louisiana, June 22-26, 2013 CCC
[21] Barber T D 1986 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 27th Annual Logging Symposium Houston, Texas, June 9-13, 1986 EE
[22] Barber T D, Rosthal R A 1991 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and ExhibitionDallas, Texas, October 6-9, 1991 22725
[23] Lv W G, Chu Z T, Zhao X Q, Fan Y X, Song R L, Han W 2009 Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 014102
[24] Cui Z W, Wang K X, Hu H S, Sun J G 2007 Chin. Phys. B 16 746
[25] Zhang Z Y, Yu L M, Kriegshauser B, Tabarovsky L 2004 Geophysics 69 898
[26] Wang H, Barber T, Morriss C, Rosthal R, Hayden R, Markley M 2006 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition San Antonio, Texas, September 24-27, 2006 103113
[27] Tsili W, Alex B, Bill C, Dan G, Michael R, Stephen D, Tang Y M 2006 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 47th Annual Logging SymposiumVeracruz, Mexico, June 4-7, 2006 QQQ
[28] Rabinovich M, Tabarovsky L, Corley B, Horst J V, Epov M 2006 Petrophysics 47 506
[29] Zhdanov M, Kennedy D, Peksen E 2001 Petrophysics 42 588
[30] Zhong L L, Li J, Bhardwaj A, Shen L C, Richard C L 2008 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 46 1148
[31] Wei X K, Shao W, Shi S B, Zhang Y, Wang B Z 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 070203
[32] Zhou J M, Zhang Y, Wang H N, Yang S W, Yin C C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 159101 (in Chinese) [周建美, 张烨, 汪宏年, 杨守文, 殷长春 2014 63 159101]
[33] Hong D C, Yang S D 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 109101 (in Chinese) [洪德成, 杨善德 2011 60 109101]
[34] Wang H N, Hu P, Tao H G, Yang S W 2012 Chinese J. Geophysics. 55 717 (in Chinese) [汪宏年, 胡平, 陶宏根, 杨守文 2012 地球 55 717]
[35] Spies B R, Habashy T M 1995 Geophysics 60 834
[36] Wang H M, Barber T, Chen K, Davydycheva S, Frey M, Homan D, Minerbo G, Morriss C, Rosthal R, Tumbiolo G 2006 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Beijing, China, December 5-7, 2006 103897
[37] Wang H, Davydycheva S, Zhou J J, Frey M, Barber T, Abubakar A, Habashy T 2008 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Las Vegas, Nevada, November 9-14, 2008 0248
[38] Ning Y, Nie X C, Liu R, Qiu C W 2010 Geophysics 75 E101
[39] Doll H G 1949 Journal of Petroleum Technology 1 148
[40] Gianzero S, Anderson B 1981 The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA)'s 22th Annual Logging SymposiumMexico City, Mexico, June 23-26, 1981 I
[41] Moran J H 1982 The Log Analyst 23 4
[42] Zhang G J, Zhang Z Q 1998 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 36 732
[43] Zhang G J 2009 Electric Logging Algorithm (Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press) p88 (in Chinese) [张庚骥 2009 电测井算法(北京:石油工业出版社) 第88页]
[44] Howard A Q, Chew W C 1990 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 28 394
[45] Alumbaugh D L, Wilt M J 2001 Petrophysics 42 19
[46] Barber T, Anderson B, Abubakar A, Broussard T, Chen K C, Davydycheva S, Druskin V, Homan D, Minerbo G, Rosthal R, Schlein R, Wang H M 2004 The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)'s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Houston, Texas, September 26-29, 2004 90526
[47] Lu X Y, Alumbaugh D L 2001 Petrophysics 42 566
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