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To investigate the influence of pain exposure on autonomic nervous system of newborns, and develop a detection model based on heart rate variability (HRV) indexes, 40 newborns are recruited in the study and short-term HRV analyses are performed on electrocardiogram before and after pain exposure using time-domain, frequency domain and nonlinear methods. Wilcoxon signed rank test is adopted for statistical comparison, and the support vector machine (SVM) is used for developing a detection model. The results demonstrate that 3 linear indexes such as the mean of RR intervals aRR, absolute powers of low frequency band LF and absolute powers of high frequency band HF, and 9 nonlinear indexes such as approximate entropy ApEn, sample entropy SampEn, and determinism DET before pain exposure are significantly different from after pain exposure; and that a detection accuracy of 83.75% could be achieved by the model based on the combination of 5 indexes, i.e., aRR, proportion of adjacent intervals greater than 50 ms pNN50, ApEn, correlation dimension D2 and recurrence rate REC, and SVM. It suggests that HRV indexes can reveal the response of autonomous nervous system to pain exposure of newborns, and the model based on HRV indexes and SVM could be employed for the detection of pain.
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Keywords:
- heart rate variability /
- newborns /
- pain /
- support vector machine
[1] Weissman A, Aranovitch M, Blazer S, Zimmer E Z 2009 Pediatrics 128 e921
[2] Jiang L, Li H 2012 Chin. J. Neonatol. 27 289 (in Chinese) [蒋犁, 李函 2012 中国新生儿科杂志 27 289]
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[7] Weissman A, Zimmer E Z, Aranovitch M 2012 Pflug. Archiv-European J. Physiol. 464 593
[8] Huo C Y, Zhuang J J, Huang X L, Hou F Z, Ning X B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 190506 (in Chinese) [霍铖宇, 庄建军, 黄晓林, 侯凤贞, 宁新宝 2012 61 190506]
[9] Peng C K, Havlin S, Stanley H E 1995 Chaos 5 82
[10] Tang Y F, Liu S L, Jiang R H, Liu Y H 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 030504
[11] Webber C L, Zbilut J P 1994 J. Appl. Physiol. 76 965
[12] Eckmann J P, Kamphorst S O, Ruelle D 1987 Europhys. Lett. 4 973
[13] Richman J S, Moorman J R 2000 Am. J. Physiol.: Heart and Circulat. Physiol. 278 H2039
[14] Cao B, Xiang Y P, L X Q, Zeng M, Huang S S 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 865
[15] Grassberger P, Procaccia I 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 346
[16] Wang J S, Yuan J, Li Q, Yuan R X 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 050506
[17] Wang G S, Zhong Y X 2001 Acta Electron. Sin. 10 1397 (in Chinese) [王国胜, 钟义信 2001 电子学报 10 1397]
[18] Chang C C, Lin C J 2011 ACM Trans. Intellig. Syst. Technol. 2 27
[19] Sokolova M, Lapalme G 2009 Inform. Process. Managem. 45 427
[20] Oberlander T F, Grunau R E, Whitfield M F, Fitzgerald C, Pitfield S, Saul J P 2000 Pediatrics 105 e6
[21] Ding L J, Peng H, Cai S M, Zhou P L 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2149
[22] Peng C K, Havlin S, Stanley H E, Goldberger A L 1995 Chaos 5 82
[23] Melillo P, Bracale M, Pecchia L 2011 Biomed. Engineer. Online 10 96
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[1] Weissman A, Aranovitch M, Blazer S, Zimmer E Z 2009 Pediatrics 128 e921
[2] Jiang L, Li H 2012 Chin. J. Neonatol. 27 289 (in Chinese) [蒋犁, 李函 2012 中国新生儿科杂志 27 289]
[3] Faye P M, De Jonckheere J, Logier R, Kuissi E, Jeanne M, Rakza T, Storme L 2010 Clinical J. Pain 26 777
[4] Yoo C S, Yi S H 2004 J. Korean Phys. Soc. 44 561
[5] Li J, Liu D Z 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 208701 (in Chinese) [李锦, 刘大钊 2012 61 208701]
[6] Zhuang J J, Ning X B, Zou M, Sun B, Yang X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2805 (in Chinese) [庄建军, 宁新宝, 邹鸣, 孙飙, 杨希 2008 57 2805]
[7] Weissman A, Zimmer E Z, Aranovitch M 2012 Pflug. Archiv-European J. Physiol. 464 593
[8] Huo C Y, Zhuang J J, Huang X L, Hou F Z, Ning X B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 190506 (in Chinese) [霍铖宇, 庄建军, 黄晓林, 侯凤贞, 宁新宝 2012 61 190506]
[9] Peng C K, Havlin S, Stanley H E 1995 Chaos 5 82
[10] Tang Y F, Liu S L, Jiang R H, Liu Y H 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 030504
[11] Webber C L, Zbilut J P 1994 J. Appl. Physiol. 76 965
[12] Eckmann J P, Kamphorst S O, Ruelle D 1987 Europhys. Lett. 4 973
[13] Richman J S, Moorman J R 2000 Am. J. Physiol.: Heart and Circulat. Physiol. 278 H2039
[14] Cao B, Xiang Y P, L X Q, Zeng M, Huang S S 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 865
[15] Grassberger P, Procaccia I 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 346
[16] Wang J S, Yuan J, Li Q, Yuan R X 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 050506
[17] Wang G S, Zhong Y X 2001 Acta Electron. Sin. 10 1397 (in Chinese) [王国胜, 钟义信 2001 电子学报 10 1397]
[18] Chang C C, Lin C J 2011 ACM Trans. Intellig. Syst. Technol. 2 27
[19] Sokolova M, Lapalme G 2009 Inform. Process. Managem. 45 427
[20] Oberlander T F, Grunau R E, Whitfield M F, Fitzgerald C, Pitfield S, Saul J P 2000 Pediatrics 105 e6
[21] Ding L J, Peng H, Cai S M, Zhou P L 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2149
[22] Peng C K, Havlin S, Stanley H E, Goldberger A L 1995 Chaos 5 82
[23] Melillo P, Bracale M, Pecchia L 2011 Biomed. Engineer. Online 10 96
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