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Neural system generates various kinds of fire patterns when stimulated by external or internal inputs. Acupuncture, as a mechanical action, is equivalent to an external stimulus to the neural system. When stimulated by the acupuncture, the neural system can evoke irregular electrical signals. Neural system is a complex nonlinear dynamic system that possesses strong nonlinear characteristic, so it is necessary to introduce the nonlinear time series analysis method to study the neural electrical signal. In this paper, an experiment is designed in which acupuncture is made at Zusanli with four different acupuncture manipulations to obtain action potentials on dorsal spinal nerve root. The concept of the interspike interval (ISI) is used for the study of the acupuncture electrical signals. Several nonlinear characteristic parameters are extracted, such as the Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension and Lempel-Ziv complexity, and the neural coding of the electrical signal evoked by different acupuncture manipulations is obtained. It is also shown that under the effect of the acupuncture, the electrical signals of dorsal spinal nerve root based on acupuncture at Zusanli point has distinguished chaotic features.
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Keywords:
- acupuncture /
- neural electrical signals /
- nonlinear analysis /
- chaos
[1] Cho Z H, Chung S C, Jones J P, Park J B, Park H J, Lee H J, Wong E K, Min B I 1998 P. Natl. Acad. SCI USA 95 2670
[2] Zhang Y, Qin W, Liu P, Tian J, Liang J M, Karen V D, Liu Y J 2009 Neurosci. Lett. 449 6
[3] Fang S H 2005 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hangzhou: Zhejiang University) (in Chinese) [方松华 2005 博士学位论文 (杭州: 浙江大学)]
[4] Dong M H 2009 MS Thesis (Xi'an: Xidian University) (in Chinese) [董明皓 2009 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安电子科技大学)]
[5] Gollub R L, Hui K K, Stefano G B 1999 Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 20 769
[6] Wu M T, Hsieh J C, Xiong J, Yang C F, Pan H B, Chen Y C, Tsai G, Rosen B R, Kwong K K 1999 Radiology 212 133
[7] Shen J 2001 J. Altern. Complem. Med. 7 Suppl 1 S121
[8] Machens C K, Gollisch T, Kolesnikova O, Herz A V M 2005 Neuron 47 447
[9] Rabinovich M I, Varona P, Selverston A I, Abarbanel H D I 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1213
[10] Izhikevich E M 2005 Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience: The Geometry of Excitability and Bursting (Cambridge: The MIT Press) p1
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[12] Shen H, Wang B J, Tang X W 2006 Chinese Journal of Medical Physics 3 216 (in Chinese) [沈 花、 王宝俊、 唐孝威 2006 中国医学物理学杂志 3 216]
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[14] Grassberger P, Procaccia I 1984 Physica D 13 34
[15] Liu J H, Zhang H G, Zhang J 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6868 (in Chinese) [刘金海、 张化光、 冯 健 2008 57 6868]
[16] He L, Du L, Zhuang Y Q, Chen C X, Wei T, Huang X J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 7176 (in Chinese) [何 亮、杜 磊、庄奕琪、陈春霞、卫 涛、黄小君 2007 56 7176]
[17] Lempel A, Ziv J 1976 IEEE T. Inform. Theory 22 75
[18] Dong W J, Feng G L, Hou W 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3940 (in Chinese) [董文杰、封国林、侯 威 2005 54 3940]
[19] Zhang X Z 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3152 (in Chinese) [张佃中 2007 56 3152]
[20] Costa M, Goldberger A L, Peng C K 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 068102
[21] Gerold B, Ron S L, Parmananda P 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4501
[22] Lai Y C, Harrison M A F, Frei M G, Osorio I 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 068102
[23] Hu S J, Xie Y, Xu J X, Yang H J 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 205 (in Chinese) [胡三觉、谢 勇、徐健学、杨红军 2002 51 205]
[24] Du S D, He A J, Ning X B, Yang X D 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1514 (in Chinese) [都思丹、何爱军、宁新宝、杨小冬 2008 57 1514]
[25] Dong F, Jin N D, Zhao S 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 720 (in Chinese) [董 芳、金宁德、赵 舒 2007 56 720]
[26] Shadlen M N, Newsome W T 1998 J. Neurosci. 18 3870
[27] Donoho D L 1995 IEEE T. Inform. Theory 5 613
[28] Small M, Yu D, Simonotto J, Harrison R G, Grubb N, Fox K A A 2002 Chaos Solition Fract. 13 1755
[29] Pradhan N, Sadasivan P K 1996 Comput. Biol. Med. 26 419
[30] Fraser A M, Swinney H L 1986 Phys. Rev. A 33 1134
[31] Cao L 1997 Physica D 110 43
[32] Abarbanel H D I, Kennel M B 1993 Phys. Rev. E 47 3057
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[1] Cho Z H, Chung S C, Jones J P, Park J B, Park H J, Lee H J, Wong E K, Min B I 1998 P. Natl. Acad. SCI USA 95 2670
[2] Zhang Y, Qin W, Liu P, Tian J, Liang J M, Karen V D, Liu Y J 2009 Neurosci. Lett. 449 6
[3] Fang S H 2005 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hangzhou: Zhejiang University) (in Chinese) [方松华 2005 博士学位论文 (杭州: 浙江大学)]
[4] Dong M H 2009 MS Thesis (Xi'an: Xidian University) (in Chinese) [董明皓 2009 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安电子科技大学)]
[5] Gollub R L, Hui K K, Stefano G B 1999 Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 20 769
[6] Wu M T, Hsieh J C, Xiong J, Yang C F, Pan H B, Chen Y C, Tsai G, Rosen B R, Kwong K K 1999 Radiology 212 133
[7] Shen J 2001 J. Altern. Complem. Med. 7 Suppl 1 S121
[8] Machens C K, Gollisch T, Kolesnikova O, Herz A V M 2005 Neuron 47 447
[9] Rabinovich M I, Varona P, Selverston A I, Abarbanel H D I 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1213
[10] Izhikevich E M 2005 Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience: The Geometry of Excitability and Bursting (Cambridge: The MIT Press) p1
[11] Wolf A, Swift J B, Swinney H L, Vastano J A 1985 Physica D 16 285
[12] Shen H, Wang B J, Tang X W 2006 Chinese Journal of Medical Physics 3 216 (in Chinese) [沈 花、 王宝俊、 唐孝威 2006 中国医学物理学杂志 3 216]
[13] Grassberger P, Procaccia I 1983 Physica D 9 189
[14] Grassberger P, Procaccia I 1984 Physica D 13 34
[15] Liu J H, Zhang H G, Zhang J 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6868 (in Chinese) [刘金海、 张化光、 冯 健 2008 57 6868]
[16] He L, Du L, Zhuang Y Q, Chen C X, Wei T, Huang X J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 7176 (in Chinese) [何 亮、杜 磊、庄奕琪、陈春霞、卫 涛、黄小君 2007 56 7176]
[17] Lempel A, Ziv J 1976 IEEE T. Inform. Theory 22 75
[18] Dong W J, Feng G L, Hou W 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3940 (in Chinese) [董文杰、封国林、侯 威 2005 54 3940]
[19] Zhang X Z 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3152 (in Chinese) [张佃中 2007 56 3152]
[20] Costa M, Goldberger A L, Peng C K 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 068102
[21] Gerold B, Ron S L, Parmananda P 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4501
[22] Lai Y C, Harrison M A F, Frei M G, Osorio I 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 068102
[23] Hu S J, Xie Y, Xu J X, Yang H J 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 205 (in Chinese) [胡三觉、谢 勇、徐健学、杨红军 2002 51 205]
[24] Du S D, He A J, Ning X B, Yang X D 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1514 (in Chinese) [都思丹、何爱军、宁新宝、杨小冬 2008 57 1514]
[25] Dong F, Jin N D, Zhao S 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 720 (in Chinese) [董 芳、金宁德、赵 舒 2007 56 720]
[26] Shadlen M N, Newsome W T 1998 J. Neurosci. 18 3870
[27] Donoho D L 1995 IEEE T. Inform. Theory 5 613
[28] Small M, Yu D, Simonotto J, Harrison R G, Grubb N, Fox K A A 2002 Chaos Solition Fract. 13 1755
[29] Pradhan N, Sadasivan P K 1996 Comput. Biol. Med. 26 419
[30] Fraser A M, Swinney H L 1986 Phys. Rev. A 33 1134
[31] Cao L 1997 Physica D 110 43
[32] Abarbanel H D I, Kennel M B 1993 Phys. Rev. E 47 3057
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