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SBA-15由于具有高比表面积、孔容大、孔径可调、热稳定性好和成本相对低廉等优点, 在吸附、分离、催化和纳米材料等领域具有广泛的应用前景, 而利用有机官能团改性SBA-15已经成为当前材料的热点之一, 但有机官能团的引入势必会影响材料的孔结构, 进而影响其性能. 因此, 如何更全面地表征材料的孔结构也成为人们关注的焦点. 采用小角X射线散射(SAXS)技术对PEI/SBA-15介孔分子筛的孔结构进行表征, 利用相关函数和弦长分布理论得到了聚乙烯亚胺改性介孔二氧化硅(PEI/SBA-15)的孔结构和周期性信息, 结合正电子湮没寿命谱(PALS)技术进行比较. 结果表明: 随着PEI质量分数的增加, PEI/SBA-15介孔分子筛的周期性结构没有发生明显变化, 通过弦长分布 (CLD)函数得到的孔径尺寸也仅从8.3 nm降至7.6 nm. 利用PALS获得了2种长寿命组分τ3和τ4, 其中τ3反映了SBA-15基体内部的无规微孔结构, 而τ4反映SBA-15六方孔道的尺寸, 与SAXS结果相比, 介孔孔径具有相同的变化趋势. 通过结合SAXS和PALS技术, 可以更加深入地揭示材料中微观结构的演变, 从而为未来功能纳米复合材料的结构表征提供一种独特的方法.Owing to its advantages of high specific surface area, large pore volume, adjustable pore size, good thermal stability and relatively low cost, SBA-15 has a wide range of application prospects in adsorption, separation, catalysis, nanomaterials and other fields. And the use of organic functional groups to modify SBA-15 has become one of the hot spots of research on materials, but the introduction of organic functional groups will inevitably affect the pore structure of material, affecting its performance. Therefore, how to more comprehensively characterize the pore structure of material has received much attention. In this work, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique is used to characterize the pore structure of PEI/SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve. The pore structure and periodicity information of PEI/SBA-15 are obtained by using correlation function and string length distribution theory, and compared with those obtained by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) technique. The results show that the periodic structure of PEI/SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve does not change significantly with the increase of PEI mass percent, and the pore size of PEI/SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve only decreases from 8.3 nm to 7.6 nm by the chord length distribution function. Two long-life components, τ3 and τ4, are obtained by PALS, and τ3 reflects the random pores structure in SBA-15 matrix, while τ4 denotes the size of SBA-15 hexagonal pores. Compared with the results of SAXS, the mesoporous pore size obtained by PALS technique shows the same trend. By combining SAXS technique and PALS technique, the evolution of material microstructure can be revealed in more depth, thus providing a unique method for studying the structural characterization of functional nanocomposites in the future.
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Keywords:
- small angle X-ray scattering /
- SBA-15 molecular sieve /
- positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
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图 1 (a) 经过不同质量分数PEI溶液浸渍后样品的二维SAXS谱图; (b) 由二维SAXS谱图经数据处理得到的一维SAXS谱即I-q曲线
Fig. 1. (a) Two-dimensional SAXS patterns of samples impregnated with PEI solution of different concentrations; (b) one-dimensional SAXS spectra obtained by data processing from two-dimensional SAXS spectra, namely I-q curve.
图 3 (a) 样品的CLD函数曲线; (b) CLD函数参数在SBA-15中的示意图
Fig. 3. (a) Chord length distribution function curves of samples; (b) schematic diagram of chord length distribution function parameters in SBA-15.
图 4 (a) 0-SBA(100)晶面和(b) 20-SBA(010)晶面的TEM图像
Fig. 4. TEM images of (a) 0-SBA crystal plane (100) and (b) 20-SBA crystal plane (010).
图 5 经过不同质量分数PEI溶液浸渍后的样品的PALS谱图
Fig. 5. PALS spectra of samples impregnated with PEI solution of different mass percent.
图 6 经MELT程序解谱得到的τ3和τ4随PEI质量分数变化的连续谱图
Fig. 6. Continuous spectra of τ3and τ4 with PEI mass percent obtained by MELT program.
图 7 PALS和SAXS得到的不同样品孔尺寸随PEI质量分数变化示意图
Fig. 7. Variation of different pore sizes with PEI mass percent by PALS and SAXS.
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[1] 彭雪婷, 吕昊东, 张贤 2022 气候变化研究进展 18 580
Peng X T, Lyu H D Zhang X 2022 Adv. Clim. Change Res. 18 580
[2] Baena-Moreno F M, Rodriguez-Galan M, Vega F, Alonso-Farinas B, Arenas L F V, Navarrete B 2019 Energ Source Part A 41 1403
Google Scholar
[3] Hermida L, Agustian J, Abdullah A Z, Mohamed A R 2019 Open Chem. 17 1000
Google Scholar
[4] Li L, Zhao N, Wei W, Sun Y H 2013 Fuel 108 112
Google Scholar
[5] Zhang Z E, Pan S Y, Li H, Cai J C, Olabi A G, Anthony E J Manovic V 2020 Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 125 17
[6] Samanta A, Zhao A, Shimizu G K H, Sarkar P, Gupta R 2012 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 1438
Google Scholar
[7] Zhao D, Feng J, Huo Q, Melosh N, Fredrickson G H, Chmelka B F, Stucky G D 1998 Science 279 548
Google Scholar
[8] Verma P, Kuwahara Y, Mori K, Raja R, Yamashita H 2020 Nanoscale 12 11333
Google Scholar
[9] Singh B, Na J, Konarova M, Wakihara T, Yamauchi Y, Salomon C, Gawande M B 2020 Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 93 1459
Google Scholar
[10] Wang H, Liu C J 2011 Appl. Catal. B 106 672
Google Scholar
[11] Ledesma B, Juarez J, Mazario J, Domine M, Beltramone A 2021 Catal. Today 360 147
Google Scholar
[12] Li D L, Chai K G, Yao X D, Zhou L Q, Wu K Y, Huang Z H, Yan J T, Qin X Z, Wei W, Ji H B 2021 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 583 100
Google Scholar
[13] Gang D, Ahmad Z U, Lian Q Y, Yao L G, Zappi M E 2021 Chem. Eng. J. 403 20
[14] Wu B H, Zhang S C, Tang T, Xu Y, Liu Y, Wu Z H 2010 Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 26 2217
Google Scholar
[15] Mohamed H F M, El-Sayed A M A, Abd-Elsadek G G 2001 Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 71 93
[16] Debye A, Bueche A M J 1949 Appl. Phys. 20 518
Google Scholar
[17] Burger C, Ruland W 2001 Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 57 482
Google Scholar
[18] Tao S J 1972 J. Chem. Phys. 56 5499
Google Scholar
[19] Eldrup M, Lightbody D, Sherwood J N 1981 Chem. Phys. 63 51
Google Scholar
[20] Ito K, Nakanishi H, Ujihira Y 1999 J. Phys. Chem. B 103 4555
Google Scholar
[21] Wiertel M, Surowiec Z, Budzynski M, Gac W 2013 Nukleonika 58 245
[22] 王少阶, 陈志权, 王波, 吴亦初, 方鹏飞, 张永学 2008 应用正电子谱学 (武汉: 湖北科学技术出版社) 第130页
Wang S J, Chen Z Q, Wang B, Wu Y C, Fang P F, Zhang Y X 2008 Applied Positron Spectroscopy (Wuhan: Hubei Science and Technology Press) p130 (in Chinese)
[23] Griffith T C, Heyland G R, Lines K S, Twomey T R 1978 J Phys. B-at Mol. Opt. 11 L743
Google Scholar
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